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A modification to the half-interval search (binary search) method 半间隔搜索(二进制搜索)方法的修改
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503582
L. F. Williams
{"title":"A modification to the half-interval search (binary search) method","authors":"L. F. Williams","doi":"10.1145/503561.503582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503582","url":null,"abstract":"This modification to the half-interval search (binary search) method finds the best computer zero within a fixed number of iterations of the half-interval search algorithm.The paper outlines the modification for use with a computer where floating-point numbers are stored in a fixed length field of thirty-two bits. Also, the floating-point numbers are represented using a hexidecimal base and twenty-four bits to store the fraction.The modification has to do with initially starting with a and b within consecutive powers of sixteen. That is, there exists an integer n such that16n ≤ a < b ≤ 16n+1 or -16n+1 ≤ a < b ≤ -16n. This determines the characteristic of x0. Then a binary search for the fraction of x0 can be completed within twenty-four iterations. If a computer zero of the function is not found in the search, then the a and b of the last iteration are consecutive computer numbers with f(a) and f(b) having opposite signs.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115508316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Variability in predator-prey experiments: simulation using a stochastic model 捕食者-猎物实验中的变异性:使用随机模型的模拟
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503602
Grace M. Buettner, W. Siler
{"title":"Variability in predator-prey experiments: simulation using a stochastic model","authors":"Grace M. Buettner, W. Siler","doi":"10.1145/503561.503602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503602","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of several actual predator-prey experiments was carried out, using a stochastic version of the Lotka-Volterra equations. Great variability was found from run to run, with occasional extinction of either predator or prey with the same parameters. It is suggested that single experimental runs are very unreliable for parameter estimation, multiple replicates of experiments being necessary. It was not found necessary to postulate such mechanisms as hiding places for most experimental results, the discrete stochastic equations being adequate for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122411198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A new approach to infinite precision integer arithmetic 无限精度整数运算的一种新方法
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503581
D. A. Klip
{"title":"A new approach to infinite precision integer arithmetic","authors":"D. A. Klip","doi":"10.1145/503561.503581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503581","url":null,"abstract":"A new algorithm for integer Greatest Common Divisor calculations has recently been proposed. Although the algorithm can be applied to integers in any base b > 2, it is conjectured to be optimal for b=30, when embedded in a system for symbol manipulation. Representation of the digits in factored form further facilitates the GCD procedure. When choosing the set of residues mod 30 symmetrically with respect to 0, in only 8 out of 29 elements a factor occurs which is different from 2, 3 and 5, the prime divisors of 30. A multiplication and addition table built on the distinction of these two classes of digits will be the intermediary in finding the product in a small number of steps, each involving comparison of 1 or 2 bit quantities. Multiplication in this fashion requires 1/3 of the number of bit manipulations as compared with standard procedures on IBM System/360 and 370, if the latter would be applied to equivalent (i.e. 5-bit) entities. Future implementation of long-integer multiplication is suggested in analogy with an algorithm for multivariate polynomial multiplication. An outline for division on this new basis is included.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computer applications in the humanities: a SNOBOL4 procedure for conflating the variants produced by textual collation 计算机在人文学科中的应用:一个SNOBOL4程序，用于合并文本整理产生的变体
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503592
Susan L. Follett, Miriam J. Shillingsburg
{"title":"Computer applications in the humanities: a SNOBOL4 procedure for conflating the variants produced by textual collation","authors":"Susan L. Follett, Miriam J. Shillingsburg","doi":"10.1145/503561.503592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503592","url":null,"abstract":"Highly trained humanists who edit literary texts now spend vast amounts of time in what is universally acknowledged to be the necessary but tedious comparison of texts and the sorting and merging of the variants between the editions. The computer has the capability to relieve much of this drudgery and do the job more rapidly and accurately than can humans. A research project in computerized textual comparison is currently underway at Mississippi State University. This paper discusses one phase of this project, a procedure for the computerized production of a report giving the conflated (merged) results of collating (comparing character-by-character) any number of texts. This procedure, which is implemented in the SNOBOL4 programming language, is described and discussed in terms of the overall goals and efforts of the total research project.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114823356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of computers in electrical power management 计算机在电力管理中的应用
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503622
David Goodling, G. Garner
{"title":"The use of computers in electrical power management","authors":"David Goodling, G. Garner","doi":"10.1145/503561.503622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503622","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the use of computers in the management of electrical energy. Material is presented that will be useful to a prospective power management system designer or buyer with emphasis on computer software and hardware. Various components of a power management environment are defined: power company, power consuming installation and the computerized controller. The computer is represented as a tool used by the power consuming installation to reduce the demand for electricity. A detailed description of a power management system is given with particular attention focused on the following areas: inputs and outputs to the system, calculation schemes, system feedback characteristics, hardware requirements, system architecture and limitations on system effectiveness. Implementation tradeoffs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation of a portable database management system 实现了一个便携式数据库管理系统
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503572
R. Omer, Michael Smith
{"title":"Implementation of a portable database management system","authors":"R. Omer, Michael Smith","doi":"10.1145/503561.503572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503572","url":null,"abstract":"A solution to the problem of database software portability and interchange has been achieved by the implementation of the Automated Information Management (AIM) system. AIM, a CODASYL-type database management system, is written entirely in a high-level industry-wide standard language. The technique of implementation is carefully designed to eliminate any machine dependencies such as word size or internal data representation. Thus, a program written using AIM will run on any machine supporting a commonly available subset of ANSI 1974 COBOL.The specifications of the Data Base Task Group, published in 1969 and 1971, and the later enhancements by the Data Definition Language Committee, published in 1973, have gained increasing acceptance by the data processing community. Although various computer manufacturers have introduced database management systems based on these proposals, each of these systems represent mutually non-compatible versions of the standard. The approach taken in the development of AIM has overcome this problem and made CODASYL database facilities available to a broader class of machines than ever before.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121619560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organization of a computer system for measuring the electrical activity of the heart 测量心脏电活动的计算机系统的组织
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503641
R. Barr, G. S. Herman-Giddens, M. Spach, R. B. Warren, M. N. Morrow, T. Gallie
{"title":"Organization of a computer system for measuring the electrical activity of the heart","authors":"R. Barr, G. S. Herman-Giddens, M. Spach, R. B. Warren, M. N. Morrow, T. Gallie","doi":"10.1145/503561.503641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503641","url":null,"abstract":"We have approached the study of the electrical activity of the heart by separating the work into two distinct phases - data acquisition and data analysis. The data acquisition program monitors the activity of the heart, samples as many as 24 electrodes simultaneously, and displays them to the investigator. It concurrently executes as many as eleven tasks, uses multiple real time clocks, and allows continuous operator control with exhaustive error checking. The data analysis program tabulates the data previously recorded on tape and allows an operator to select portions to be amplified with respect to time and voltage. Data time sequences can be converted to spatial displays such as contour maps or perspective plots. The program operates by successively applying functions to a data base of over two million bytes. The functions which process the data are organized as an easily expandible set of overlays of about 80,000 program lines. We think that these capabilities can only be achieved by separating the data acquisition from the data analysis.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
COBOL simulation: random number generation for binary and decimal computers COBOL模拟:二进制和十进制计算机的随机数生成
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503609
F. J. Brewerton, E. Callahan, R. W. Gober
{"title":"COBOL simulation: random number generation for binary and decimal computers","authors":"F. J. Brewerton, E. Callahan, R. W. Gober","doi":"10.1145/503561.503609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503609","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Common Business Oriented Language was originally designed for use in business data processing, the language is now being employed as a simulation language under certain limiting conditions. Factors influencing the application of the language to simulation studies include its popularity, its self-documenting characteristic, its \"believability,\" and its efficiency in programming the triangular distribution.A necessary requisite in any simulation study is the programming of random number generators to simulate the random occurrence of various events. Several methods of generating random numbers are available, but the technique most frequently used is the power residue method. Since most simulation studies are programmed with FORTRAN (a general purpose language), simulation languages (SIMSCRIPT, GPSS, GASP, etc.), or machine languages, little attention has been devoted to programming the power residue method of random number generation with COBOL.A procedure is presented which describes and discusses COBOL programming of random number generation for the binary computer and the decimal computer utilizing the power residue method. Program excerpts are provided to illustrate the procedure, and comparative differences in COBOL programming for the two computer types are noted. Conditions most favorable to COBOL programming of simulation studies are also discussed, as well as the conditions under which COBOL programming is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131458613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A proposed simulation system for modeling cell growth and assessing the effect of drug treatment on tumors 一种用于模拟细胞生长和评估肿瘤药物治疗效果的模拟系统
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503603
V. Ghanta, C. D. Atnip, M. White, R. Hiramoto
{"title":"A proposed simulation system for modeling cell growth and assessing the effect of drug treatment on tumors","authors":"V. Ghanta, C. D. Atnip, M. White, R. Hiramoto","doi":"10.1145/503561.503603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503603","url":null,"abstract":"The use of simulation techniques to develop schedules for chemotherapy of solid tumors is discussed. In recent years the Gompertz model has been verified as an accurate model of tumor cell growth. Interest in describing the growth of cell systems has resulted in the development of generalized cell growth simulation systems, enabling models of cell growth, cell kills and reaction to different stimuli to be simulated.This paper discusses the development of GOMPSIM, a hybrid system based on one such cell growth simulation system, CELLSIM, and an algorithm that fits actual tumor growth data to the Gompertz model. GOMPSIM modifies the CELLSIM parameters in successive trials until the simulated cell growth matches the Gompertz description of the tumor growth. Once the CELLSIM parameters describing the actual tumor growth are determined, the model created by these parameters is used to determine if effective chemotherapy is possible by simulating \"cell kills\" similar to events resulting from administering a drug. By observing the simulated reaction of the tumor (continued growth, attrition,...), it is hoped that a better understanding of cell kinetics and ultimately an effective drug treatment program can be determined.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124006030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A comparison of PL/1 compilers PL/1编译器的比较
ACM-SE 14 Pub Date : 1976-04-22 DOI: 10.1145/503561.503569
S. Miller
{"title":"A comparison of PL/1 compilers","authors":"S. Miller","doi":"10.1145/503561.503569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/503561.503569","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper will discuss differences between ECMA-ASCII Standard PL/1, specifically as implemented by UNIVAC, and \"IBM Standard\" as implemented in F level 5 version of IBM PL/1. This will include a discussion of the current status of UNIVAC's PL/1 compiler.","PeriodicalId":151957,"journal":{"name":"ACM-SE 14","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129906501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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