Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude Among Medical and Non-Medical Students Regarding Tuberculosis: A Questionnaire Based Study","authors":"Ali Akhtar, Samreen Fatima","doi":"10.47363/jcbr/2023(5)160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcbr/2023(5)160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis is a major global health concern, ranking as the second most deadly infectious disease. Over 8 million people worldwide develop active TB, with the majority of cases occurring in developing countries. The World Health Organization has highlighted the importance of education in ensuring that medical students graduate with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for effective TB management. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude among medical and non-medical students regarding the tuberculosis. Method: A cross sectional survey was performed among medical and non-medical students. Knowledge and attitude of the participants regarding the tuberculosis were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical methods to draw the achieve the study objectives. Results: The data was collected from 300 students, of whom 53% are medical students and 46.7% are non-medical students. Most students in both groups answered correctly that TB is caused by M. tuberculosis, that a persistent cough with sputum is a symptom, that HIV positive people are more at risk, that TB is spread by air, that BCG vaccine can prevent it, and that chest X-ray can diagnose it. However, some students in both groups did not know that not every TB patient needs to be hospitalized and that the standard treatment for new cases of pulmonary TB is a six-month course of four drugs. This shows that some students need more education on these aspects of TB management. Conclusion: The study concluded that more efforts should be made to improve the knowledge of medical students regarding TB transmission and the role of sputum smear in diagnosis, as well as emphasis on the importance of the BCG vaccination.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Pattern and Diagnostic Applications of AlphaMethyl Coa Racemase and Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen on Prostate Cancer","authors":"Okorie Nnaemeka","doi":"10.47363/jcbr/2023(5)159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcbr/2023(5)159","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of malignant tumors, and its incidence rate has increased worldwide. It is the most prevalent cancer among men, most affecting older men, particularly those above 60 years of age. Notably, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment can result in improved patient outcomes, such as an improved 5-year survival rate. This study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern and diagnostic applications of alpha-methyl Co-A, racemase, and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen on prostate tumors. A total of one hundred (100) tissue blocks used in this study were collected from the archives of the histopathology laboratory at AEFUTHA and evaluated using Haematoxylin and Eosin Periodic Acid Schiff staining techniques and immunohistochemical stains. The hospital data show that a total of 132 prostate tumor samples were submitted for histological analysis from 2019 to 2021. Histologic sections of the prostatic tissues showed well-formed prostatic glands lined by two layers of low cuboidal cells to columnar epithelium, the presence of glandular secretions or corpora amylacae, and inflammatory infiltrates that were mostly made up of mononuclear cells. Also seen were poor attempts at glandular formation; glands were lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, of which the linning epithelial cells were pleomorphic with hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Furthermore, evidence of tumour infiltration and spread, which included perineural invasion and stromal desmoplastic. The immunohistochemical staining reactions of AMACR and CEA in the tissue sections show various intensities of expression. The intensity of expression was scored in four levels: negative (0/3), weak expression (1/3), moderate expression (2/3), and strong expression (3/3). This present study showed that these markers are useful in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Vascular Malformation in the Orbit","authors":"Georgi Balchev, Z. B. Gey, B. Duhlenski, Tsvetomir Stoyanov, S. Murgova","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We present the case of an 87-year-old female with a one-week history of redness, swelling, and pain in the left eye, accompanied by headache and neck pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated extreme enlargement of the supraorbital artery, engaging the superior rectus muscle of the left eye. We could not find similar articles in well-recognized scientific networks. Conservative treatment was conducted, with no improvement. The patient refused surgery.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"55 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: Tapp Versus Tep. A Single Centre Experience","authors":"T. I. Stoyanov","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Surgery for inguinal hernia is currently the most common surgical procedure worldwide, and every year over 20 million patients undergo open or laparoscopic hernia repair. Two generally accepted endoscopic approaches are transabdominal preperitoneal procedure (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal procedure (TEP). For nine years (2010 – 2018), 48 patients with inguinal hernia had laparoscopic hernia repair (TAPP or TEP) at Villarobledo General Hospital. Forty-three patients (89.6%)) were male, and five (10.4%) were female. Of these, ten had right inguinal hernia (RIH), 18 - left inguinal hernia (LIH), 12 - bilateral inguinal hernia (BIH), 6 had recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia (RUIH), and 2 had recurrent bilateral inguinal hernia (RBIH). In 33 patients (68.7%), transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair (TAPP) was performed. Total extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair (TEP) was performed on 15 patients (12%). In 8 patients (16.6%), simultaneous surgical procedures were performed: umbilical hernioplasty in 4 (8.3%) patients and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 4 (8.3%) patients. There were no conversions in any of the surgical procedures. The average operative time was 77 minutes. Twenty-six patients underwent one-day surgery, 18 were in the hospital for one day, and four patients were discharged on the second postoperative day following surgery. In 7 patients (14%), recurrences occurred: in the first postoperative year - 1 patient; in the second year after surgery - 3 patients; in the third after surgery - 2 patients; and in the sixth year - 1 patient. The recurrence rate was 2 in 33 patients after TAPP (6%) versus 5 in 15 patients after TEP (33%), Chi-squared=5.91 (p=0.015). In one patient, perforation of the bladder occurred after TEP and was managed conservatively using a urethral catheter and preperitoneal drainage. TAPP and TEP had a considerable discrepancy in recurrence rates. Such discrepancy in recurrences is probably due to the higher complexity of the TEP technique and the required supervising of experienced surgeons during the learning curve.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82169249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Reconstitution in Late-Presenting HIV-Positive a Case with Idiopathic Liver Cirrhosis and Ischemic Brain Stroke","authors":"I. Pakov","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A patient diagnosed with late-presenting HIV infection [CD4 count 86 cells/mm3, viral load (VL) 95 000 copies RNA/mL], treated with DRV/c 800/150 mg (Rezolsta®) and TDF/FTC 200/245 mg, was hospitalized with ischemic brain stroke, confirmed by CT scan and MRI. Motor functions quickly recovered, but nausea, abdominal heaviness, ascites, and hepatosplenomegaly appeared. Laboratory investigations revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia, normal transaminases, increased GGT and negative serological tests for HBV and HCV and she was diagnosed with Gastroenterologists diagnosed liver cirrhosis. After 20 days of hospital treatment, the patient recovered from the stroke and ascites but with persisting anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Liver cirrhosis had been confirmed, and relevant treatment had been administered. Six months later, an MRI of the brain revealed an improved image. Follow-up showed stabilized somatic and neurologic status, improved laboratory parameters, stable T-helper count and undetectable viral load (VL). ART regimen continued with Raltegravir 400 mg (Isentress®) 2×1 tablet/24 h, TDF/FTC 200/245 mg 1 tablet/24 h. Three months later, the patient continued her treatment continued abroad. The increased access to precise diagnosis and treatment with improved adherence has transformed the HIV-infection into a manageable chronic health condition, even in complicated cases.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"66 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75362131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Series of 186 Patients","authors":"T. I. Stoyanov, P. Cascales-Sánchez, A. Moreno","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A retrospective study analyzed the complications in 186 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). One hundred eighty-four patients were operated on at the University Hospital Centre of Albacete between May 2006 and September 2022. Two patients with early postoperative complications received surgical treatment in other centers. The overall postoperative complication rate (including GERD) was 13.9%. Ten patients (5.38%) had complications in the early postoperative period. In 4 cases (2.15%), there was stapler-line leakage. Abdominal bleeding associated with hemoperitoneum occurred in four patients (2.15%) immediately after the surgery due to bleeding from the suture line. In the long-term follow-up, two patients (1.08%) had gastric tube strictures requiring endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilation (EPBD). Fourteen patients (7.53%) presented with de novo Gastroesophageal Reflux, of whom 7 (3.76%) required revision surgery to Laparoscopic Rouxen-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, in our experience, is a secure bariatric procedure with a low rate of morbidity and mortality, both post-surgical and long-term.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"33 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75354945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic Dissection Type a in Combination with Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction. Myocardial Protection","authors":"Georgi Stoitsev, Veselin D. Gavrilov, V. Gegouskov","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Acute aortic dissection is an extremely serious condition with a high mortality risk. Symptoms may mimic other emergencies such as myocardial ischemia, often leading to misdiagnosis. A combination between coronary hypoperfusion and aortic dissection is relatively rare, but when present it could be fatal. Early diagnosis and correct surgical approach are essential to success in those patients and the high mortality rate requires improvement of myocardial protection. Development of acute cardiac ischemia on top of mandatory global ischemia is a serious precondition for a severe postcardiotomy syndrome, and only excellent cardiac protection can lead to successful surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"74 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78323516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Hepatosplenic γ/δ T-Cell Lymphoma Debuting With Massive Hemoptysis","authors":"A. Antonov","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Hepatosplenic γ/δ T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a very rare, aggressive extranodal lymphoma affecting mainly young adults. Clinically, presents with a symptomatic hepatosplenomegaly and systemic symptoms but without lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis is confirmed after careful evaluation of bone marrow and liver biopsies or, in some cases, after diagnostic splenectomy. Overall, survival is short regardless of chemotherapy regimens applied, including autologous stem cell transplantation. We present a case of γ/δ HSTL with massive pulmonary hemoptysis requiring bronchial artery embolization.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"58 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79849814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Case of a Patient with Extranodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Surgical Complications","authors":"Ralitsa G. Ilieva, D. Todorieva-Todorova, I. G. Hristov, Vasilena P. Tsintsarska","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. In most of the cases a complete remission is possible to obtain by applying conventional immunochemotherapy (rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, methylprednisolone or R-CHOP). Its effect depends on some risk factors, cellular origin of the lymphoma and to some extend – the localization when extranodal involvement is confirmed. We present the case of a patient with DLBCL of small intestine and non-specific clinical manifestation. Following treatment with standard therapy R-CHOP patient fail to achieve disease response and gastrointestinal track (GIT) complications were registered.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82367917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Self-Medication with Antibiotics in Europe: A Scoping Review","authors":"H. Lebanova, Svetoslav N. Stoev, N. Veleva, Simona P. Belcheva, V. Madzharov, S. Gueorguiev","doi":"10.2478/jbcr-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The most common cause of antibiotic resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics. Most of the irrational use of antibiotics is related to use in the community and the prevalence of self-medication in different populations. This review aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in European countries and the main sources of antibiotics. An online search of Pubmed and Scopus was conducted to identify relevant studies. A two-phase mapping approach was used. All steps in this scoping review were carried out using the Covidence® software. A total of 22 studies were included. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics is greater in Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. The main sources of over-the-counter antibiotics are community pharmacies and leftovers from previous courses. Targeted communication strategies and interventions are needed to reduce the overuse of antibiotics and to slow down the spread of antibiotic resistance until new classes of effective antibiotics are developed.","PeriodicalId":15099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"5 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86545716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}