Journal of Advances in Physics最新文献

{"title":"Spin effects from Four Bosons EM","authors":"R. Doria, L. Mendes","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9545","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetism is the theory of electric charge and spin. Our study is on a spin-valued four bosons electromag- netism. An EM under the charge exchange {+, 0, −} intermediated by four bosons {AμI } ≡ {Aμ, Uμ, V ± μ } where Aμ means the usual photon, Uμ a massive photon, V ± μ charged photons. EM should express electric charge and spin together. Understand from first principles on the spin role in the electric and magnetic properties of particles. Theoretically, the spin is a space-time physical entity derived from Lorentz group. Phenomenologically, it appears as a vectorial entity inserted in the magnetic moment and electric dipole. A theoretical closure between them is expected. A spin-valued four bosons EM is constituted by introducing Lorentz group Lie Algebra valued fields. Consider the quadruplet fields as A I μ = A I μ,κλ(Σκλ)αβ where (Σκλ)αβ is the Lorentz generator. It provides spin as an intrinsec entity compatible with relativity and group theory. Similarly to the non-abelian gauge theory, where Aμa = Aμata, one incorporates the spin valued field through a Lie algebra. From first principles. Electric charge and spin are unified under a constructivist Lagrangian. Spin effects arestudied through equations of motion and Bianchi identities. Enlarging the EM for interactions beyond electric charge. Four types are derived. Usual electric charge interaction, neutral interaction, electric charge and spin, neutral and spin. A formalism is expressed. The spin valued performance is related through a Lagrangian. Spin interactions are derived. The magnetic moment and electric dipole are expressed by vectors S~ and ~s respectivity. They are able to couple spin with granular and collective fields strengths. Developing interacting terms constitutive as B~ · S~, E~ · ~s, ~e · S~ and so on. Faraday interaction between magnetic field and photon is reproduced from first principles.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrino Mass es and Dark Matter","authors":"David McGraw Jr.","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9527","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrinos have provided us with new physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics. This paper will mathematically calculate the mass of new species of Neutrinos. The Standard Model fails to explain many of the parameters that are the foundations of Particle Physics. Many of the Problems can be explained by adding mass to Neutrinos, and by finding new species of neutrinos.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"10 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135268060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abelian Constructivist Lagrangian","authors":"J. Chauca, R. Doria, L.S. Mendes","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9530","url":null,"abstract":"Constructivist lagrangian propiates a diverse approach to field theory. Introduce the set action. Consider fields families under a same symmetry group. The resulting fields set extends the standard atomist field theory to a whole field theory. An associative physics is proposed. The grouping physics. The relationship between the part and the whole is considered. A third quantum type beyond Planck granularity and quantum mechanics wave-particle is obtained. The quantum inserted in the whole. Differentiated energy packets are formed. A quantum system is constituted. The abelian grouping physics is considered. The simplest whole unity. Set action in terms of U(1) symmetry. The correspondent constructivist lagrangian is studied. A new type of individuation called whole quantum is derived.An abelian quantum system is constituted. The usual atomist gauge symmetry is preserved, but, constructivist properties are generated. Quantum system with own norm is a necessary theoretical argument. More is different, once time said P.W. Anderson. Physics is challenged to make the passage from an isolated particle to a quantum system. A theory to describe the physics of part in the whole. A challenge to be interpreted under gauge symmetry. A symmetry of difference is proposed. Quantum diversities enlarging the meanings of interaction, induction, connectivity. A quantum system is introduced. Its elementarity is identified as a third quantum type. It is called whole quantum or variety. This quantum of a many particles system appears with a new physicality. The correspondingset action derives antireductionist physical laws under gauge symmetry. Ruled by associativity, set transformation, evolution. Associativitity providing quantum under set, diversity, interdependence, nonlinearity, chance. Set transformations performing a whole determinism with directive conducted by gauge parameter and circumstances under lagrangian free coefficients. Generating a set physics with growth, evolution, emergence, complexity. An evolving quantum transforming their quantum numbers. The abelian constructivist lagrangian is explored. A quantum system assembled by fields families and gauge scalars is performed. It arises an environmental physics. Gauge scalars form substrutures with realities and potentialities. The volume of circumstances for each gauge scalar is calculated. Nonvirtual relationships are derived. Physical entities as masses, charges, coupling constants are expressed under constructivist properties. Functionalities will lead them to a physical behaviour beyond four interactions.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Abelian Constructivist Lagrangian","authors":"J. Chauca, R. Doria","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9531","url":null,"abstract":"A whole Yang-Mills symmetry is proposed. A grouping physics is constituted. It consists in inserting a given Yang-Mills field Aaμ in a fields set {Aa μI } constituted by other fields families, I = 1, . . . , N. Each field becomes part of a whole. A set action physics happens preserving the Yang-Mills symmetry. However the usual properties of an isolated field are extended to antireductionist properties. An associative physics is formed. A Yang-Mills whole quantum system is constituted. A whole Yang-Mills physics isobtained. The quantum corresponding to a specific Aa μI field inserted in a whole develops features depending on thefields set {Aa μI } associativity. Properties established from a so-called constructivist gauge theory are identified. Usual YM interactions are enlarged to YM interrelationships. Classical equations are studied under set action. A Yang-Mills whole unity is constituted by a constructivist Lagrangian. The reductionist approach substituted by constructivism. Physics under set transformations. A cause and effect relationship is expressed based on whole unity. The whole is that moves to future. Minimal action principle, Noether theorem, Bianchi identities are derived. A fields set with diversity, interdependence, nonlinearity, chance is expressed.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of buckling on the electronic, thermal, and optical features of a GaP nanosheet","authors":"W. A. Abdul- Hussein","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9525","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an investigation into the electronic, thermal, and optical properties of a nanosheet made of Gallium Phosphide (GaP) via density functional theory (DFT). Our analysis focuses on the impact of buckling processes on these features. The utilization of buckling has been demonstrated to adjust the electronic thermal, and optical characteristics of a GaP nanosheet, including the energy gap, total energy, dielectric function, refractive index, and absorption coefficient. Consequently, the application of buckling in the GaP nanosheet allows for the modulation of its indirect band gap. The feasibility of synthesizing GaP nanosheets experimentally has been proven as these nanosheets exhibit both dynamic and thermal stability. Furthermore, buckling resulted in a broadening and a conspicuous shift towards lower energy in the optical phenomena as the degree of buckling increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that buckling serves as an additional parameter for enhancing the performance of GaP nanosheets in optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sayed`s Theory of Everything (S-TOE): The Acting Unified Forces in the Universe for Cosmological and Subatomic Scale","authors":"Sayed Ali El-Mongy","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9518","url":null,"abstract":"Allah, the Creator, is the only Singular Super Force. A unified theory for the major forces gravity, weak, electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces is an intractable challenge to the scientists. This article is an innovative theory for unification of all forces in the universe; S-TOE. My published theory on quantum gravity was the first step. The main parameters and equations of the starting spherical singularity bubble of the early universe; acceleration, wavelength, radius, pressure and speed, were simply derived; named Sayed`s unified forces formula (SUFF). The violation of light speed at the early beginning of universe was dramatically found; 3.93 x 1027 m/s. The wavelength (λ) was also calculated and found to be 1.321 x 10-15 m. The difference, between the calculated force (9.29x1024 N) using SUFF and the Planck force (1.2103 x 1044 N) is might be due to contribution of other predicted forces. The calculated acceleration matches with Planck acceleration. Uniquely in this theory, the dark matter, dark energy and antimatter are among the acting forces control the universe. The Sayed`s forces diagram (SFD) is postulated and given. The anti-force term and concept is introduced to describe the opposite role of dark energy and matter. All the mentioned forces work together to keep the universe stable, expandable and equilibrium. Finally, it can be stated that some of the major universal constants need essential revision.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCIENCE TO REALITY.","authors":"Leonard Van Zanten","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9512","url":null,"abstract":"Without knowledge physics is devoid of its means to reality. Without wisdom insight remains hidden. And while eyesight is a grandiose thing it is prone to deception. And sight deception however innocent leads to errors.  As then nearly all things can be overcome so can the lack of knowledge and insight.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77429949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Prebiotic Organics and Oxygen on Earth. A case for the Pre-Photosynthetic and Carbonyl Sulfide Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Water, Methane, Ammonia and Hydrogen sulfide.","authors":"R. Larsson, A. Malek","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9506","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the earth is about 4.5 billion years old and it is now believed that by 4.3 billion years ago, earth may have developed physico-chemical conditions suitable to support life, when its atmosphere consisted largely of water (H2O) vapor, nitrogen (N2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) with much smaller amounts of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur compounds like carbonyl sulfide (COS), and the earth had a reducing atmosphere without any free oxygen. The oldest known fossil records show that life came into being about 3.7 billion years ago. It is also believed that life proliferated and evolved in largest scale only after first aoxygenic photosynthesis by viruses and then oxygenic photosynthesis by plants produced large scale biochemocules and molecular oxygen (O2). But this necessitated a period of the evolution of primitive life forms like reprocing cells, which required enormous carbon-based prebiotic chemicals mediated by dialectical chance and necessity as is the case with later biological evolution. This had to involve the production within about a billion years, of specific prebiotic ingradients in enough quantities, in sufficient concentration in a limited, dynamic and physicochemically suitable localized evironment. But only the few primitive chemical compounds mentioned above, most abundent being H2O and CO2 , laready existing on earth, potentially could be source of enormous amount and variety of prebiotic chemicals necessary for the formation the  first reproducing cell. Based on the SET (Selective Energy Transfer Theory) developed by one of us (RL), we have reason to speculate for the first time that the carbonyl sulphide (COS) catalyzed reduction of CO2 by H2O and by other less abundant molecules like CH4, NH3 and H2S was the decisive prerequisite for the formation of  prebiotic chemical ingredients and for the chemical evolution of the first reproducing cell on Earth.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86779272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATOMIC REACTIONS","authors":"Leonard Van Zanten","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9505","url":null,"abstract":"Man constructed the atomic bomb without knowing its fundamentals, creating his vision of things by sight deception. He has his seasons but does not know how these come about, other than by error in sight deception. And so it is with most of his theories, while it will enhance him to come to a truth, as it will be in the centuries to come.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81689397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative and Absolute Stellar Aberration","authors":"Miloš Čojanović","doi":"10.24297/jap.v21i.9474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v21i.9474","url":null,"abstract":"If we talk about Stellar Aberration, then we think of the form of Stellar Aberration that was first discovered and explained by Bradley. In addition to Bradley's Stellar Aberration, which can also be defined as Relative Stellar Aberration, we will define Absolute Stellar Aberration based on just one measurement. Here after we will refer to the Absolute Stellar Aberration as $ASA$. We will try to explain in a few words why it is necessary to measure and interpret Stellar Aberration in this way. Suppose we performed two measurements of the Doppler Effect within six months. If we don't know the results of those measurements, but only difference between them, then we cannot determine the radial velocities with which the observer moves with respect to the star. We will prove that similar reasoning can be applied in the case of Stellar Aberration as defined by Bradley. Knowing only the difference between the two measurements of the Stellar Aberration, we are not able to determine the transverse velocities the observer moves with respect to the line of sight, but only their difference. Using the results of $ASA$ measurements, we will determine a Reference Inertial Frame and after that derive formulas for Relative and Absolute Stellar Aberration.","PeriodicalId":15024,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Physics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75762853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}