Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Cimicifugae Rhizoma Using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS Coupled with Multivariate Chemometric Methods.","authors":"Zi Cheng Ma,&nbsp;Mei Qi Liu,&nbsp;Guo Qiang Liu,&nbsp;Zhen Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao Liang Ren,&nbsp;Lili Sun,&nbsp;Meng Wang","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cimicifugae Rhizoma, known in Chinese as Shengma, is a common medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), mainly used for treating wind-heat headaches, sore throat, uterine prolapse, and other diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>An approach using a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), MS, and multivariate chemometric methods was designed to assess the quality of Cimicifugae Rhizoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All materials were crushed into powder and the powdered sample was dissolved in 70% aqueous methanol for sonication. Chemometric methods, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were adopted to classify and perform a comprehensive visualization study of Cimicifugae Rhizoma. The unsupervised recognition models of HCA and PCA obtained a preliminary classification and provided a basis for classification. In addition, we constructed a supervised OPLS-DA model and established a prediction set to further validate the explanatory power of the model for the variables and unknown samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory research found that the samples were divided into two groups, and the differences were related to appearance traits. The correct classification of the prediction set also demonstrated a strong predictive ability of the models for new samples. Subsequently, six chemical makers were characterized by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and the content of four components was determined. The results of the content determination revealed the distribution of representative chemical markers caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, and cimifugin in two classes of samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This strategy can provide a reference for assessing the quality of Cimicifugae Rhizoma, which is significant for the clinical practice and QC of Cimicifugae Rhizoma.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA models visually classify Cimicifugae Rhizoma by appearance traits and obtain the chemical markers that influence the classification. The training and prediction sets were built to demonstrate the accuracy of the classification. Advanced UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology provides powerful elucidation of critical chemical markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplicon Sequencing Minimal Information (ASqMI): Quality and Reporting Guidelines for Actionable Calls in Biodefense Applications.","authors":"Ishi Keenum,&nbsp;Robert Player,&nbsp;Jason Kralj,&nbsp;Stephanie Servetas,&nbsp;Michael D Sussman,&nbsp;Joe Russell,&nbsp;Jennifer Stone,&nbsp;Sailaja Chandrapati,&nbsp;Shanmuga Sozhamannan","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate, high-confidence data is critical for assessing potential biothreat incidents. In a biothreat event, false-negative and -positive results have serious consequences. Worst case scenarios can result in unnecessary shutdowns or fatalities at an exorbitant monetary and psychological cost, respectively. Quantitative PCR assays for agents of interest have been successfully used for routine biosurveillance. Recently, there has been increased impetus for adoption of amplicon sequencing (AS) for biosurveillance because it enables discrimination of true positives from near-neighbor false positives, as well as broad, simultaneous detection of many targets in many pathogens in a high-throughput scheme. However, the high sensitivity of AS can lead to false positives. Appropriate controls and workflow reporting can help address these challenges.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Data reporting standards are critical to data trustworthiness. The standards presented herein aim to provide a framework for method quality assessment in biodetection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a set of standards, Amplicon Sequencing Minimal Information (ASqMI), developed under the auspices of the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Stakeholder Program on Agent Detection Assays for making actionable calls in biosurveillance applications. In addition to the first minimum information guidelines for AS, we provide a controls checklist and scoring scheme to assure AS run quality and assess potential sample contamination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adoption of the ASqMI guidelines will improve data quality, help track workflow performance, and ultimately provide decision makers confidence to trust the results of this new and powerful technology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AS workflows can provide robust, confident calls for biodetection; however, due diligence in reporting and controls are needed. The ASqMI guideline is the first AS minimum reporting guidance document that also provides the means for end users to evaluate their workflows to improve confidence.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Standardized reporting guidance for actionable calls is critical to ensuring trustworthy data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10472743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10141655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Journal Scope.","authors":"Xu-Liang Cao","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10230593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Easily Implemented Spectrophotometric Methods for Concurrent Determination of Ephedrine Hydrochloride and Naphazoline Nitrate in Nasal Preparations Containing Methylparaben.","authors":"Rehab M Abdelfatah,&nbsp;Maimana A Magdy","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spectrophotometric resolution of a mixture of several drugs is considered a cheaper, simpler, and more versatile alternative compared to costly chromatographic instruments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The work aims to resolve the interfering spectra of ephedrine hydrochloride, naphazoline nitrate, and methylparaben in nasal preparations using smart spectrophotometric methods.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In our work, derivative and dual-wavelength methods were combined to eliminate this interference, under the name of derivative dual-wavelength method. Other methods, namely successive derivative subtraction and chemometric analysis, were also able to eliminate this interference. The methods have proven their applicability as they follow the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) requirements regarding repeatability, precision, accuracy, selectivity, and linearity. Eco-scale, GAPI, and AGREE tools were used to estimate the possible environmental effects of the methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acceptable results for repeatability, precision, accuracy, selectivity, and linearity were obtained. Limit of detection (LOD) values were 2.2 for ephedrine and 0.3 for naphazoline. The correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The methods were proven to be safe for application.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduced methods are cheap and easily implemented compared to chromatographic techniques. They can be used in purity-checking of raw material and estimation of concentrations in market formulations. The replacement of the published chromatographic techniques with our developed methods is useful when needing to save money, effort, and time.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The three components of a decongestant nasal preparation were determined using cheap, green, and versatile spectrophotometric methods that keep the advantages of chromatographic techniques, including accuracy, reproducibility, and selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Antibacterial Investigation of Linezolid-Loaded SPIONs and HPLC Method Development for Quantitative Analysis of Linezolid.","authors":"Musarrat Husain Warsi,&nbsp;Sharmistha Mohapatra,&nbsp;Mohammed Asfer,&nbsp;Mohammad Yusuf,&nbsp;Abuzer Ali,&nbsp;Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman,&nbsp;Amena Ali,&nbsp;Abdul Qadir,&nbsp;Gaurav K Jain","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Linezolid (LNZ) is extremely prone to resistance. The development of resistance to LNZ should be taken into consideration when selecting this drug as a therapeutic option. It is well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) could kill the infecting bacteria. So, we hypothesized the synergistic antibacterial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles and LNZ.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the release and antibacterial effects of LNZ-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ferrofluid containing SPIONs was synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method and stabilized by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). SPIONs were then loaded with LNZ and characterized for particle size, FT-IR, XRD, and entrapment efficiency. Further antibacterial activity of SPIONs and LNZ-loaded SPIONs was investigated. For the in vitro release findings, HPLC analytical method development and validation were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isolation of LNZ was accomplished on a C-18 column with methanol-TBHS (tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate, 50:50, v/v). The eluate was monitored at 247 nm with a retention time of 4.175 min. The MNP's DLS measurement revealed monodispersed particles with an average size of 16.81 ± 1.07 nm and PDI 0.176 ± 0.012. In optimized formulation, 25 ± 1.75% (w/w) of the drug was found to be entrapped. XRD revealed uniform coating of oleic acid covering the entire magnetic particles' surface with no change in its crystallinity. An effective antimicrobial activity was observed at the lowered dose of drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A robust HPLC method was developed to quantify the LNZ in MNPs, and outcomes showed that the reduced dose of LNZ incorporated in SPIONs was able to show similar activity as the marketed product.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Successfully reduction of the dose of LNZ was established with the aid of biocompatible MNPs to attain the equivalent antibacterial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Different Perspective on the Characterization of a New Degradation Product of Flibanserin With HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn and Its Pharmaceutical Formulation Analysis With Inter-Laboratory Comparison.","authors":"Aysun Geven,&nbsp;Saniye Özcan,&nbsp;Serkan Levent,&nbsp;Nafiz Öncü Can","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flibanserin (FLB) was first synthesized as an antidepressant drug; however, due to its enhancing effects on sexual activity, it was approved for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women in 2015.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop a new and fully validated HPLC method for analysis of FLB in pharmaceutical formulations besides its degradation products, and identification of possible formation mechanisms by using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The HPLC separation was achieved in a Supelco Ascentis® Express series phenyl hexyl column (100 × 4.6 mm, ID 2.7 µm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-ammonium acetate solution (50:50, v/v, 10 mM, pH 5.4) mixture, which was pumped at the rate of 0.5 mL/min. Chromatography, detection, and structural identification was performed by using a LCMS-IT-TOF instrument (Shimadzu, Japan).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1-(2-(4-(3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine-1-yl)ethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one is proposed as a novel degradation product, with a mass of 407.1695 and a formula of C20H21F3N4O2 with a margin of error about 0.001 ppm. The developed method is applicable with 98% accuracy within the 2.5-50.0 µg/mL range. The LOD and LOQ were about 500 ng/mL and 1.50 µg/mL, respectively. The transferability and variation between laboratories were tested by inter-laboratory comparison and evaluated with one-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A novel FLB degradation product, which was produced under oxidative forced degradation conditions was observed and identified for the first time; in addition, the formation kinetics of the degradation product besides decomposition of FLB was studied. Furthermore, an inter-laboratory comparison was carried out, and application of the proposed method on a pseudo Addyi® (Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) sample was tested using both instrument configurations.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A novel stability-indicating assay method was developed and fully validated according to the International Council on Harmonization (Q2) R1 for the analysis of FLB in the pharmaceutical preparations. A new degradation product was identified in the oxidative forced degradation condition and characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS3. Moreover, the possible mechanism and the formation kinetic of the degradation product were revealed. In addition, the developed method was transferred to another LC-PDA instrument for inter-laboratory comparison. Finally, the current method was applied to a pseudo formulation of Addy in both instruments, and ANOVA was applied for evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10218304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Rapid Identification and Determination of Moisture Content of Coptidis Rhizoma From Different Species Based on Data Fusion.","authors":"Mengyin Tian,&nbsp;Xiaobo Ma,&nbsp;Mengying Liang,&nbsp;Hengchang Zang","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad058","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000For thousands of years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been clinically proven, and doctors have highly valued the differences in utility between different species.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000This study aims to replace the complex methods traditionally used for empirical identification by compensating for the information loss of a single sensor through data fusion. The research object of the study is Coptidis Rhizome (CR).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Using spectral optimization and data fusion technology, Near Infrared (NIR) and Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectra were collected for CR. PLS-DA (n = 134) and PLSR (n = 63) models were established to identify the medicinal materials and determine the moisture content in the medicinal materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000For the identification of the three species of CR, the mid-level fusion model performed better than the single-spectrum model. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction set coefficients for NIR, MIR, and data fusion qualitative models were all higher than 0.95, with an AUC value of 1. The NIR data model was superior to the MIR data model. The results of low-level fusion were similar to those of the NIR optimization model. The RPD of the test set of NIR and low-level fusion model was 3.6420 and 3.4216, respectively, indicating good prediction ability of the model.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Data fusion technology using NIR and MIR can be applied to identify CR species and determine the moisture content of CR. It provides technical support for the rapid determination of moisture content, with fast analysis speed and without the need for complex pretreatment methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000This study is the first to introduce spectral data fusion technology to identify CR species. Data fusion technology is feasible for multivariable calibration model performance and reduces the cost of manual identification. The moisture content of CR can be quickly evaluated, reducing the difficulty of traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10496148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Monitoring and Decontamination of Pesticide Residues in Phytomedicine-Enriched Betel Leaf Utilizing QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS Technology to Safeguard Public Health.","authors":"S K Amir Soyel,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Hazra,&nbsp;Subhajit Ruidas,&nbsp;Swagata Mandal,&nbsp;Sudip Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Rajlakshmi Poi,&nbsp;Rajib Karmakar,&nbsp;Goutam Mondal,&nbsp;Sujan Majumder,&nbsp;Prithusayak Mondal","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The presence of undesirable substances, including pesticides (xenobiotics) in betel leaf (Piper betel), is a great concern for consumers because it is chewed and consumed directly. To protect the consumer's health, a modified QuEChERS method for monitoring purposes and subsequent decontamination process has been developed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this work was to establish a multi-residue analytical method for monitoring nonpermitted organophosphorus pesticide residues in betel leaf, as well as cost-effective cleaning strategies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The homogenized 15 g samples (20 betel leaf samples collected in West Bengal, India) were extracted with a modified QuEChERS method using acetonitrile, reconstituted to acetone, and finally analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Possible decontamination techniques (such as tap water washing, 2% saltwater washing, and lukewarm water washing) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limit of detection ranged from 0.003 to 0.005 mg/kg, and limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% with RSDr 9%. One sample was found to contain three pesticides 4 to 7 times higher than MRLs. Suggested decontamination methods allowed reducing toxic traces below European limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The suggested approach is useful for determining pesticide residues in betel leaves quickly. Traditional techniques of processing betel leaves may reduce pesticide residues below regulatory limits.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A multi-residue method and decontamination of pesticides in betel leaf using QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS technology with satisfactory method performance was achieved. Domestic decontamination techniques have a high efficacy in reducing pesticide residues from betel leaves, making them safe for human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authentication of Platycladus Orientalis Leaves and Its Five Adulterants by Combination of Morphology and Microscopic Characteristics, TLC, and HPLC Analysis.","authors":"Jin-Hua Hao,&nbsp;Ping-Ting Xiao,&nbsp;Peng-Bo Duan,&nbsp;Dan-Yang Miao,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Yu-Jia Kuang,&nbsp;E-Hu Liu","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platycladus orientalis leaves (POL), as the source of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Platycladi Cacumen, has frequently been found to be misused with five adulterants including Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves (COL), Cupressus funebris leaves (CFL), Juniperus virginiana leaves (JVL), Sabina chinensis leaves (SCL), and Juniperus formosana leaves (JFL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to distinguish POL (fresh leaves) from its five adulterants (fresh leaves).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The micromorphological features in terms of transection and microscopic characteristics of POL and adulterants were captured and compared using the an microscope. Both HPLC and TLC methods for the simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavonoids (myricitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, amentoflavone, afzelin, and hinokiflavone) have been developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in microscopic features of transverse section and powders. The TLC results suggested that the spots of myricitrin in POL were more obvious than those in the five adulterants. The contents of myricitrin and quercitrin, or the total content of flavonoids in POL, determined by HPLC, were significantly higher than those in the adulterants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POL was successfully distinguished from its five adulterants by the comparison of morphology, microscopic characteristics, and chemical profiles.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This research provides a comprehensive morphology, microscopic identification, TLC, and HPLC analysis for authenticating POL and its five adulterants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10125642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Standardization of Gallic Acid and Ellagic Acid in Quercus Infectoria, Terminalia Chebula, and Pistacia Integerrima.","authors":"Anil Kumar Saini,&nbsp;Sultan Zahiruddin,&nbsp;Kakumani Godwin Newton,&nbsp;Laxman Sawant,&nbsp;Ranjan Mitra,&nbsp;Rajiva Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Sayeed Ahmad","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsad070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to its medicinal properties, Pistacia integerrima is in high demand and is extensively used as a key ingredient in various formulations. However, its popularity has led to its inclusion on the International Union for Conservation of Nature threatened category list. In Ayurvedic texts, such as Bhaishajaya Ratnavali, Quercus infectoria is recommended as a substitute for P. integerrima in different formulations. Additionally, Yogratnakar highlights that Terminalia chebula shares similar therapeutic properties with P. integerrima.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the current study was to gather scientific data on metabolite profiling and marker-based comparative analysis of Q. infectoria, T. chebula, and P. integerrima.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In present study, hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of all three plants were prepared and standardized for the comparative evaluation of secondary metabolites. TLC was carried out for the comparative fingerprinting of the extracts using chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid-water (60 + 8 + 32 + 10, by volume) as a solvent system. A fast, sensitive, selective, and robust HPLC method was developed to determine gallic acid and ellagic acid from both extracts of all three plants. The method was validated for precision, robustness, accuracy, LOD and LOQ as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TLC analysis revealed the presence of several metabolites, and the pattern of metabolites in the plants exhibited a certain degree of similarity. A highly precise and reliable quantification technique was created for gallic acid and ellagic acid, operating within a linear concentration range of 81.18-288.22 µg/mL and 3.83-13.66 µg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficients for gallic acid and ellagic acid were 0.997 and 0.996, indicating good linear relationships. The gallic acid content in all three plants ranged from 3.74 to 10.16% w/w, while the ellagic acid content ranged from 0.10 to 1.24% w/w.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study contributes to the scientific understanding of the metabolite profiles and comparative analysis of Q. infectoria, T. chebula, and P. integerrima. The findings provide valuable insights into the chemical composition of these plants and can be used for various applications in herbal medicine.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This pioneering scientific approach highlights the phytochemical similarities between Q. infectoria, T. chebula and P. integerrima.</p>","PeriodicalId":15003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}