Journal of American Ethnic History最新文献

{"title":"“Our Dark Hands and Sore Backs”: The Comité Cívico Popular Mixteco and the New Grassroots Activism by Indigenous Mexican Migrants","authors":"Jorge Ramirez-Lopez","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the 1980s, Indigenous people from southern Mexico migrated in considerable numbers to the United States. Among the most prominent groups were the Mixteco people from Oaxaca, who worked mainly as farmworkers on labor-intensive crops in San Diego and throughout California. Because they were incorporated at the bottom of a racialized labor hierarchy distinct from previous Mexican cohorts and in a period of increased border violence and anti-immigrant sentiments, these new migrants formed the Comité Cívico Popular Mixteco (CCPM). Building from their experiences in Mexico and the migrant circuit, the CCPM's goals were to address their needs as workers and claim their dignity as Indigenous people. Mixtecos organized demonstrations, press conferences, and solidarity, resembling the tactics of Chicano/a, Latino/a, and farmworker struggles. Although their activities appeared similar to historical efforts in California, this article argues that the CCPM drew from their experiences participating in their pueblos’ (community of origin) local form of communal governance. The pueblo provided the basis for their activism as they also produced new forms of social membership. The work of the CCPM at this moment demonstrates how a growing Indigenous political culture from southern Mexico in California was reconsidering ways to enact leadership, community, and activism across borders.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settler Garrison: Debt Imperialism, Militarism, and Transpacific Imaginaries","authors":"Sarah R. Meiners","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"36 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Mexican Chicago: From Postwar Settlement to the Age of Gentrification","authors":"Jojo Galvan Mora","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"In 1990, Mexican-born architect Adrián Lozano was tapped to build el Arco de la Villita (the Little Village Arc). The two-story-tall Mexican colonial archway, complete with a clock gifted by former Mexican president Carlos Salinas, stands on 26th Street. It welcomes locals and visitors alike to one of Chicago's most vibrant commercial main streets and one of the metropole's largest Mexican neighborhoods. In 2022, the arc was granted official landmark status by the Commission on Chicago Landmarks, making it the first structure to be designated as such by an architect of Mexican descent in the city. This recognition marked a milestone for the area's Mexican community, as it granted a marker of permanence in Chicago's diverse, and often contested, built environment. Little Village is one of several neighborhoods present in Mike Amezcua's provocative Making Mexican Chicago. A work which takes readers on an expansive historical tour of a number of the Windy City's colonias, neighborhoods with embattled histories of Mexicans. These residents sought to make a permanent place for themselves, doing so through organizing, collective action, entrepreneurship, and their own brand of resistance to white supremacist policies. Structured across six chapters, Making Mexican Chicago highlights the methods of exclusion deployed against this community and the ways in which they answered back.Chapter 1 focuses on the experiences of Mexicans in twentieth-century Chicago's housing market, where they had to contend with the so-called “restrictionist populism” of white Chicagoans, anxious at the prospect of a Mexican invasion. Chapter 2 juxtaposes the scale and impact of xenophobic immigration efforts like Operation Wetback in the 1950s with the realities of displacement brought on by the making of the University of Illinois Circle Campus. Chapter 3 takes readers to Las Yardas (Back of the Yards), where Mexicans navigated liminality between Black and white communities while also establishing roots in the neighborhood. The fourth chapter tracks the development of real estate markets in the southwestern sector of the city. Here, readers are introduced to the story of La Villita, and how entrepreneurs and Mexican-serving institutions made the neighborhood their own and organized for political integration. Chapter 5 contextualizes the impact the Chicano movement had on the city's colonias, spotlighting stories of radical activism in response to ongoing disenfranchisement. The final chapter revisits the neighborhoods explored earlier in the text, presenting more contemporary narratives of resistance to gentrification and Mexican suburbanization, highlighting new frontiers in the embattled story of the Mexican community in Chicago and beyond.Beyond the built environment and local movements, Amezcua anchors his cross-neighborhood analysis in the stories of changemakers both behind and at the forefront of the many efforts in Mexican Chicago. Two such examples are the story of A","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architects of Hate: Garrett Hardin and Cordelia S. May's Fight for Immigration Restriction and Eugenics in the Name of the Environment","authors":"Miroslava Chávez-García","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on the personal correspondence exchanged between Garrett Hardin and Cordelia S. May, leading advocates of population control, environmentalism, and immigration restriction, from the beginning of their friendship in the 1970s to the end of their lives in the early 2000s, this essay explores the closely guarded inner workings and behind-the-scenes efforts they took to realize their hardline xenophobic, eugenicist, and racist vision for a sustained network fighting for a white supremacist, English-speaking country. Drawing on eighteenth-century Malthusian ideas and ideologies and influenced by leading proponents of eugenics like Henry Fairfield Osborn, William Vogt, and Frederick Osborn, the dozens of letters they wrote to each other across a thirty-year span indicate that they worked to achieve their goals by joining, infiltrating, and building exclusionary organizations such as Zero Population Growth, Sierra Club, and The Environmental Fund. Set in a richly textured historical context, Hardin's and May's missives indicate that they fretted not only about unsustainable expansion but also about the presence and growing number of low-quality, unintelligent, and diseased people from around the Global South.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Modes of Yemeni American Agency Between Urgency and Emergence","authors":"Waleed F. Mahdi","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay examines the formation of contemporary Yemeni American agency at the interplay of economics, politics, and arts. The context of my analysis draws from the unfolding events and policies following the tragic attacks of 9/11 (2001) in the United States and the revolutionary fervor of the Arab Spring in Yemen (2011). The various economic, political, and cultural forms of agency explored in this work constitute responses to US policing of Yemeni American individuals and communities in both the United States and Yemen as part of the so-called war on terror campaign. Moving away from the “sojourner-settler” paradigm, which has limited understanding of Yemeni American experiences in the United States since the 1970s, I theorize Yemeni American agency as multi-dimensional and multi-sited and emphasize its dynamic and collaborative, albeit often contradictory, character. In doing so, I demonstrate how Yemeni Americans have not been passive victims of the post–9/11 backlash against Arabs and Muslims and the post–Arab Spring collapse of Yemen, but instead been active participants in building coalitions, joining alliances, and resisting forms of discrimination, harassment, and violence.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The one primitive people who contact with civilization has failed to exterminate”: New York and “Gypsy” Madness in the 1920s","authors":"Dalen C. B. Wakeley-Smith","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The 1920s marked a decade of American economic growth, mobility, and the rise of popular culture. Increased immigration before the First World War also meant that cities across the country were filled with new people not previously seen by Americans. In New York City, decades of immigration and mobility had brought large groups of Roma (sometimes called Gypsies) to the city in increasing numbers. But it was not just the Roma who were making New York their home; instead, there was another figure who exploded onto the cultural scene: the “Gypsy.” This paper explores the “Gypsy madness” that swept New York City in the 1920s where non-Roma Americans played “Gypsy” at the same time that they actively racialized Roma as backward, untrustworthy, and “primitive.” Putting on the guise of the “Gypsy” allowed Americans to assert their “Americanness” while denigrating and vilifying actual Roma and targeting them with increased policing throughout the city. In the end, “Gypsy madness” followed the trend of other racial performances in the early years of the twentieth century, yet also revealed the anxieties of increased immigration and complicated the ideas about deviance and propriety in the multi-ethnic metropolis of New York City.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sovereign Mercy: The Legalization of the White Russian Refugees and the Politics of Immigration Relief","authors":"S. Deborah Kang","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the height of the Great Depression, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) legalized nearly two thousand undocumented Russian immigrants under the Act of June 8, 1934. Based on a random sample of their two thousand case files, “Sovereign Mercy: The Legalization of the White Russian Refugees and the Politics of Immigration Relief” narrates a forgotten moment in the history of undocumented immigration, immigration legalization, and refugee law and policy in the United States. The article specifically argues that even though these Russians were defined as refugees under international law and perceived as such by the public, their American defenders deliberately recast them as undocumented immigrants to halt their deportations to the Soviet Union and give them a pathway to citizenship. This history of the Russian refugees illuminates the conditions under which various forms of immigration relief, such as legalization and the grant of refugee status, emerged in American immigration law. As such, it fills a major gap in the scholarly literature that, to date, has provided few accounts of the history of immigration relief.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/19364695.43.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Other| October 01 2023 Notes on Contributors Journal of American Ethnic History (2023) 43 (1): 120. https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.06 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Notes on Contributors. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 October 2023; 43 (1): 120. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.1.06 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search Miroslava Chávez-García is Professor of History at UCSB and holds affiliations in Chicana/o studies, feminist studies, and Latin American and Iberian studies. Author of Negotiating Conquest (University of Arizona Press, 2004), States of Delinquency (University of California Press, 2012), and Migrant Longing (University of North Carolina Press, 2018), she is currently writing a guidebook for first-gen, low-income, and nontraditional students of color applying to graduate school.S. Deborah Kang is Associate Professor of History in the Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia.Waleed F. Mahdi is an associate professor at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author of Arab Americans in Film: From Hollywood and Egyptian Stereotypes to Self-Representation (Syracuse University Press, 2020). His peer-reviewed work appears in American Quarterly, Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, International Journal of Cultural Studies, and Mashriq and Mahjar.Jojo Galvan Mora is a doctoral student... You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Research Article| July 01 2023 Notes on Contributors Journal of American Ethnic History (2023) 42 (4): 135–136. https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.15 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Notes on Contributors. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 July 2023; 42 (4): 135–136. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.15 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search Elizabeth Barahona is a fifth-year PhD candidate in History at Northwestern University. Her dissertation chronicles how Black and Latinx communities in Durham, North Carolina created grassroots coalitions to address racial injustice in the form of governmental negligence, increased policing, and racial injustice.Llana Barber is Associate Professor of American Studies at the State University of New York College at Old Westbury. She is the author of Latino City: Immigration and Urban Crisis in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1945–2000 (University of North Carolina Press, 2017).Jesse David Chariton is a PhD student in the history program at Iowa State University. His dissertation research focuses on nineteenth-century German immigration to the American Midwest. Much of his work examines the intersections of immigration and race/ethnicity through the lens of religion and voluntary associations.J. Marlena Edwards is a scholar of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Black transnational migration. She completed her dual doctorate in African... You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135364260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Travel on the Highways of the Broad Atlantic”: Toward a Brief History of the Cape Verdean Packet Trade","authors":"J. Edwards","doi":"10.5406/19364695.42.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Beginning with the purchase of the schooner Nellie May and concluding with the docking of the schooner Ernestina in the Port of New Bedford, Cape Verdeans in southeastern New England and on the Cape Verde islands off the West African coast purchased and refurbished old, decommissioned ships from New Bedford's bygone whaling and fishing era. Between 1892 and 1965, this fleet of ships, named the Cape Verdean Packet Trade, specialized in the transportation of goods, people, and news between the United States and the Cape Verde islands. The packet trade was a large-scale effort that transformed the Atlantic into a highway for Cape Verdean trade, communication, emigration, and family reunification. Cape Verdeans’ radical repurposing of the packet vessels converted the Atlantic Ocean from a site of dispossession, enslavement, and immobility to a reimagined zone of possibility and freedom through mobility for African-descended peoples. These Cape Verdean–owned and operated packets assisted Cape Verdean Americans in maintaining long-term connections to loved ones separated by the Atlantic. In this way, the Cape Verdean Packet Trade's more than 1,200 voyages connected the United States to Cape Verde as part of a transnational social field and single economic universe for more than seventy years.","PeriodicalId":14973,"journal":{"name":"Journal of American Ethnic History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46839063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}