Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime","authors":"Karsten Müller, Carlo Schwarz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3082972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3082972","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the link between social media and hate crime. We show that antirefugee sentiment on Facebook predicts crimes against refugees in otherwise similar municipalities with higher social media usage. To establish causality, we exploit exogenous variation in the timing of major Facebook and internet outages. Consistent with a role for “echo chambers,” we find that right-wing social media posts contain narrower and more loaded content than news reports. Our results suggest that social media can act as a propagation mechanism for violent crimes by enabling the spread of extreme viewpoints.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Infrastructure in Bea&Apos;S National Economic Accounts","authors":"J. Bennett, R. Kornfeld, Daniel E. Sichel, David B. Wasshausen","doi":"10.3386/W27446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W27446","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure provides critical support for economic activity, and assessing its role requires reliable measures. This paper provides an overview of U.S. infrastructure data in the National Economic Accounts. After developing definitions of basic, social, and digital infrastructure, we assess trends in each of these categories and their components. Results are mixed depending on the category. Investment in some important types of basic infrastructure has barely or not kept up with depreciation and population growth in recent decades, while some other categories look better. We also show that the average age of most types of infrastructure in the U.S. has been rising, and the remaining service life has been falling. This paper also presents new prototype estimates of state-level investment in highways, highlighting the wide variation across states. In addition, we present new prototype data on maintenance expenditures for highways. In terms of future research, we believe that deprecation rates warrant additional attention given that current estimates are based on 40-year old research and are well below those used in Canada and other countries. We also believe that additional creative work on price indexes for infrastructure would be valuable. Finally, all of the data in this paper will be downloadable on the BEA website, and we hope that the analysis in this paper and the availability of data will spur additional research.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130850916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neglected Subject: How Grand Politics Affects Public Administration","authors":"A. Roberts","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3591968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591968","url":null,"abstract":"Specialists in public administration often deny a significant connection between questions of administration and high-level politics. But there is a close and important connection: the subjects we examine at the middle- and micro-levels of administration are largely determined by choices made in the higher realm of grand politics. Understanding the connection between grand politics and administration is especially important during turbulent phases of history such as the last twenty years. One way to comprehend grand politics and its connection to administration is through the analytic lens of governing strategy. Leaders of states invent strategies that identify key national objectives and the main lines of national policy, and institutions are built or reformed to give expression to those strategies. But strategies are fragile, and consequently the institutional architecture of the state requires constant renovation.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127103125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After the Coronavirus Vaccine’s Discovery: Concerns Regarding a COVID-19 Vaccination’s Distribution","authors":"Usman W. Chohan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3608750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3608750","url":null,"abstract":"The fervent global quest for the development of a vaccine against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) begs the frightening questions: who will go first in receiving it? and will everyone get to receive it at all? This working paper seeks to highlight the risk that mercantilist market-logic approaches to hoard or overprice a future vaccine poses for human lives, and how it might reproduce global inequalities in a fatal manner. It draws upon the literature on socioeconomic disparities in vaccination to argue that the infrastructure for international dissemination of the vaccine must be built in advance and in a manner that forsakes the hostile mercantilism that has accompanied a shifting and combative international order.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129847856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing Land Acquisition for Infrastructure Projects","authors":"B. Chowdhry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3607831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3607831","url":null,"abstract":"Land acquisition for infrastructure projects that require large amount of funding can be financed by an equity-like protocol. The auction protocol does not require a knowledge of the reservation value of the land acquired nor does it require a determination of post-development value of the land in the surrounding area. Competition among private players transfers the value of pecuniary externalities, manifested in land price appreciation, to the gov ernment which it can use to partially finance the project that may also have non-pecuniary positive externalities valued by society.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126571455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Influence of Properties of Dusty Ferromagnetic Additives on the Increase of Cement Activity","authors":"S. Sakhno, L. Yanova, O. Pischikova, S. Chukharev","doi":"10.1051/e3sconf/202016606002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016606002","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development of construction materials is directly related to research on the processes of hydration of binders. Builders need better types of cement, with lower cost and energy consumption in production. The development of spin chemistry methods allows us to consider the processes of hydration and structure formation of binders from the spin state of the elements involved in chemical reactions. Magnetic interactions have a significant effect on the spin dynamics and the control of the spin multiplicity of radical pairs. The practical implementation of magnetic effects on a binder can be carried out in various ways. However, a long-term impact can be achieved only by introducing ferromagnetic substances into the binders. In the paper presented the results of a study of the influence of the characteristics of finely dispersed powdered ferromagnetic additives on the strength characteristics of cement. Ferromagnetic additives regulate the behavior of the reactants during rotation during the hydration of the binders due to magnetic interactions and control the reactivity of the chemical reaction. A comparative analysis revealed that it is most expedient to use as powdery ferromagnetic additives are the waste from mining and processing enterprises of the Krivorozhsky field. The work investigated the magnetic and dispersed characteristics of 12 different dust. The experiments showed that the origin of dust and the method of their capture are determined their magnetic characteristics. Preparation of samples with the dust and determination of the strength characteristics of cement were carried out by standard methods. The results obtained made it possible to reveal the laws of the effect of the dispersed and magnetic properties of various dust on the degree of activation of binders.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oil Prices, CO 2 Emissions and the Stock Market: Evidence from a VAR Model","authors":"Héla Mzoughi, C. Urom, G. Uddin, K. Guesmi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3587906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3587906","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on oil prices, CO2 emissions and stock market volatility over the period January 22, 2020 – March 30, 2020 using an unrestricted VAR. We demonstrate that although the increasing number of COVID-19 infections causeda decrease in the price of crude oil, the negative response of the oil market is short-lived.However, the response of economic activities as measured by CO2 emissions to a shock on COVID-19 infections is negative throughout the forecast period. Also, we find that the current situation created by COVID-19 led appears to have had a stronger impact on equity market volatility than on crude oil prices and CO2 emissions. Lastly, we find that the share of forecast error variance in the level of CO2 emissions is stronger than that of the energy and stock markets. Taken together, our findings shed light on the need for economic intervention to speed up recovery and boost investor’ perception of long-term growth.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124601006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Secret Price of Student Debt","authors":"Student Borrower Protection Center","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3759929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3759929","url":null,"abstract":"The Student Borrower Protection Center and Credit Builders Alliance examined how borrowers with different levels of student debt repay common financial products—credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans—to determine the added cost to each borrower for owing student loans. Specifically, this analysis breaks down the additional price a borrower with moderate and high student debt burdens will pay for these credit products compared to a borrower with lower or no student debt burden.<br><br>In this study, a borrowers’ debt burden was calculated using student loan debt-to-income ratios, meaning the portion of a borrower’s income going towards their student loan payment. A high ratio indicates a high student debt burden. The cost of the credit products was based on publicly available information regarding the average repayment term and balance of the products. <br><br>Key findings include:<br><br>A typical borrower could pay $29,000 in extra charges. An individual with a high student debt burden could pay as much as $29,000 more in total over the repayment term for a typical auto loan, mortgage, and credit card compared to the same borrower with a lower level of student debt stress. A borrower with a moderate student debt burden would pay more than $11,000 in extra charges for the same package of credit products.<br><br>A borrower experiencing financial strain during the pandemic shoulders an even bigger added cost. Research shows that families rely on credit card debt to weather economic shocks, including job losses and unexpected bills. As the pandemic drives unprecedented levels of unemployment, an individual with a high student debt burden could pay tens of thousands of dollars in additional charges compared to the same borrower with a lower level of student debt stress. Compared to a typical borrower with a high student debt burden, a borrower experiencing financial strain who is also shouldering a high student debt burden would pay hundreds of dollars more in credit card interest charges alone, making it harder to cover basic needs.<br><br>A borrower with lower credit use could still pay more than $13,000 in extra charges. A borrower with lower-than-average auto, mortgage, and credit card debt but a high level of student debt stress could still pay $13,000 more across this bundle of credit products than the same borrower with a low student debt burden. <br><br>Vulnerable borrowers pay the biggest price on other credit products for their student loan debt. Hidden costs are greatest for borrowers forced to take on bigger student debt burdens — leaving low-income borrowers, women, and borrowers of color to pay the biggest price across their financial lives. In addition, public service workers, like teachers or social workers are also at higher risk of being hit with greater hidden costs due to their high debt burden in relation to their income. Further, this secret price may contribute to widening economic and racial inequality, as borrowers are less ","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125962826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, Oil Prices, and Exchange Rates: A Five-Currency Examination","authors":"Dacio Villarreal-Samaniego","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3593753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3593753","url":null,"abstract":"During the first quarter of 2020, the spread of the COVID-19 proved to be very detrimental to many countries’ social well-being and economic conditions. Also, in early March, when the disease was already a pandemic, Saudi Arabia substantially increased its oil production, plunging oil prices. In this context, this study examines the long- and short-term relationships between the exchange rates of three oil-exporting and two oil-importing countries’ currencies with COVID-19 variables, as well as with crude oil prices. The results of the ARDL estimations show that, in the case of two countries, there was a close relationship between the exchange rate and the COVID-19 variables. Also, the outcomes imply an inverse and significant relationship between the movements of the oil prices and the exchange rates.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134326609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: A Snapshot of Global Economic Repercussions and Possible Retaliations","authors":"Md. Khaled Bin Amir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3593754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3593754","url":null,"abstract":"Both human and economic cost of COVID-19 tsunami has continued to peak as nobody can even envisage when and how the shock will be solved. The value of life is uncountable on the other hand every sign clears that economic plunge will be prolonged and painful. The purpose of this paper is to provide a snapshot of global economic disaster, focusing especially on major regions (China, USA, and Italy) due to COVID-19 and possible economic responses to mitigate the severity of this pandemic. The paper first provides an overview of global economic imbalances reflected by growing medical and financial emergencies, falling asset prices, tightening financial conditions, abatement of global GDP, world trade and supply chain disruptions, the constraint on tourism and traveling, raising uneven inflation, augmenting poverty, the suffering of migrants, political discord and antagonism may lead to being the unexpected worst economic downturn in the history. Along with identifying these imbalances, possible economic responses have been presented amid the shock of COVID-19 and strategies for recoveries. The paper concludes that containing initiatives and economics of pandemics is not enough to beat the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) without solidarity and consensus among nations around the globe.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125439361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}