Journal of Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Identification and Percentage of Disease Pathogen Attacks on Primary Palm Oil Crops","authors":"Yuza Defitri, Sherly Marcelian","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i03.3248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i03.3248","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to identify and determine the percentage of diseases caused by fungi in oil palm seedlings. The purposive sampling method and the objects observed were fungi that cause disease in oil palm seedlings microscopically at the Jambi Class 1 Agricultural Quarantine Laboratory. The results of the research found that Curvularia sp disease had a percentage of attacks in nursery one (f?) of 25%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery one (f?) was 5%, in nursery two (f?) the percentage of attacks was 25% while the intensity of attacks in nursery two (f?) 6%, and in the third nursery (f?) the attack percentage was 10%, while the attack intensity in the third nursery (f?) was 2%. The percentage of attacks by Pestalotiopsis sp in nursery one (f?) is 20%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery one (f?) is 4%, in nursery two (f?) the percentage of attacks is 5%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery two (f?) is 1%, and in nursery three (f?) attack percentage was 20% while the attack intensity in the three (f?) nursery was 4%. From this research, it was concluded that two diseases were found in oil palm seedlings, namely Curvularia sp leaf spot and Pestalotiopsis sp leaf spot.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Rwanda: A Case of Muvumba Catchment","authors":"","doi":"10.53819/81018102t2253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2253","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change profoundly impacts water resources, affecting people's well-being, agriculture, industry, and urban development due to altered weather patterns. This study focuses on Rwanda's Muvumba catchment, aiming to assess climate change effects. Analyzing global (World Clim, GCMs, CMIP6) and national data sets, remote sensing (SRTM elevation data, DEM) generated insights on precipitation, evaporation, and temperature changes during 2012-2021 and projected 2021-2040. Employing GIS, HEC-HMS model, and remote sensing, a hydrological model evaluates Muvumba catchment's river discharge, informing effective implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Analysis indicated fluctuating minimum temperatures (14°C to 17°C) and maximum annual temperatures (27°C to 28.3°C) in 2012-2021, with a 0.4°C rise in maximum temperature over the decade. Averaging 21.6°C to 22.5°C, increased evaporation heightened water body depletion, impacting Muvumba catchment's water availability, exacerbating drought and scarcity. Projections for 2021-2040 anticipate March at 15.01°C as the coldest month, while July hits 28.7°C. Mean temperature may range from 21°C to 23.3°C, with a projected 0.82°C increase. Notably, annual precipitation peaked in 2020 at 1176.31 mm and hit a low in 2017 with 628.77 mm, emphasizing the water stress issue. It was found that the impacted location was the Mulindi sub-catchment, which is susceptible to floods and soil erosion, with the silt end up as sediments in rivers and streams. Research indicated the prediction of 1033.68mm annual rainfall in 2012-2040. Over 20 years it is predicted the reduction of 18.76 mm of precipitation, the highest annual evaporation rate was 2013, indicated 3.83mm which led to more water lost from water bodies. From2012 to 2021 water quality level was varied between 7.6 pH and 7.35 pH which facilitated the release of toxic substances from sediments into water further impacting water quality. Future water demand and use scenarios show that water stress in Muvumba will gradually increase, river discharges reduced by 2019 and 2020 due to decreased precipitation, LULCCD showed reduction of 17% of forests which lead to high rises of temperature .The average monthly discharge is projected to decrease from June to August (Long dry season) by variation of 4.7 and 7.8%by 2021-2040. Large increase of stream flow is projected to occur in April and May by variation of 13 and 14.7%. The research recommended the upgrading and maintaining existing stations and calibrating meteorological instruments, including weather radar, to give all climate information required for future observing, climate trend detection, climate variability management, afforestation, early warning, and disaster management. Keyword: Climate change, Hydrological Modeling, Temperature, Precipitation, Evaporation and Water resources, Rwanda","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"30 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOREMEDIATION OF CEMENT MINING WASTE AS A MEDIUM FOR GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF CHILIES WITH MYCORRHIZA AND BIOHUMATE APPLICATION","authors":"Iradhatullah Rahim","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2913","url":null,"abstract":"Cement mining by exploiting Maros karst, South Sulawesi, produces waste in the form of gypsum, which still has the potential to be used in bioremediation as a planting medium for plant commodities. The research aims to determine the growth of chili plants on former cement mining media treated with mycorrhiza and biohumic—the biohumate used from an extract of cocoa pod husk. The research was structured using an experimental method with 5 treatments, namely primary media in the form of soil + manure as a control, gypsum 30 g/polybag, gypsum 60 g/polybag, gypsum 30 g/polybag+mycorrhiza, gypsum 60 g/polybag+mycorrhiza. The treatment was then divided into 2, with biohumic and without biohumic. The research showed that all observed parameters had higher values in the biohumic treatment than without biohumic. Treatment with 30 g gypsum/polybag + mycorrhiza can improve the physical properties of the soil by changing the percentage composition of soil fractions. It can also increase P2O2 and K2O levels and provide the best growth for chili plants. It is possible to utilize waste from cement mines to produce horticultural commodities by bioremediation with mycorrhiza and biohumate.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LONG BEAN PLANTS (VIGNA SINENSIS L.)","authors":"Ilham Ilham, Suyono Suyono, Muhammad Fahyu Sanjaya, Ardiana Ardiana","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2902","url":null,"abstract":"Long beans are one type of vegetable hortcultural plant that is popular throughout the world which is widely used as food or daily consumption, produced to be used as seeds and used as medicines in the world of health. This study aims to determine the effect of applying various fertilizers on the growth and production of string bean plants. This research was conducted in Lembang Village, Banggae Timur District, Majene Regency, Sulawesi Barat Province. The treatment in this study was designed with a simple Group Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions, namely P0 = No Fertilizer (control), P1 = Leachate 5 ml, P2 = MOL 5 ml, P3 = NPK Fertilizer 5 ml. Leachate and MOL as liquid organic fertilizers dissolved in water and applied per week after planting. NPK fertilizer as an inorganic fertilizer that is thawed with water and applied per week after planting. The results showed that the treatment of various fertilizers (P0, P1, P2, and P3) did not have a real effect on the growth and production of string bean tama, especially on the number of fruits. while the application of leachate water fertilizer dose of 5 ml (P1) gave higher results on the height and number of leaves of long bean plants compared to without fertilizer (P0) and the application of MOL 5 ml (P2) and NPK dose 5 ml (P3). The effect of applying NPK 5 ml (P3) fertilizer on the growth of long bean plants only appears in the variable number of leaves.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135458258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF COCONUT HUSKS DECOMPOSING MACHINE FOR FARMER GROUP SCALE","authors":"Dedie Tooy, Dewinta Lantang, Ruland Aswin Rantung, David P Rumambi, Ireine Adriana Longdong, Herry Frits Pinatik","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2867","url":null,"abstract":"Many coconut husks in coconut-producing área have not been maximally utilized, especially on a small scale for farmers. It happened due to the difficulty of obtaining simple small-scale coconut decomposing machines, and the region must import it from other regions. As a result, the utilization of coconut fiber in fiber and cocopeat is still minimal. Plus, when bringing in from outside, the logistics cost of the coconut husk decomposing machine is still high. This research aims to conduct a techno-economic analysis of a small-scale coconut husk decomposer from the machine designed and made. The research method was using the experimental method. The results showed that the equipment can produce cocofiber and cocopeat with 600 kg of husk per day for 6 hours of use. The results of economic calculations based on the IRR value, the net B/C ratio, and the payback period show that this machine is feasible to be developed on a small scale for Farmer groups. Technologically, this machine is simple and relatively easy to operate. Further research hopes this machine will prove its durability over long, heavy work periods.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136100169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF REFINED OIL BASED ON MATURITY LEVEL AND DRYING TIME OF NUTMEG MACE (MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT)","authors":"Christine F Mamuaja, Frans Lumuindong, Frangky Jessy Paat, Welly A. Kaurow, Yoakhim J.E. Oessoe, Frangky Rorong","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2831","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study and determine the level of full maturity and the appropriate and best drying time for nutmeg mace so that a high yield of mace oil is produced with physico-chemical properties that meet Buenther's criteria. Ripe nutmeg will produce good quality nutmeg and mace when used as spices for export. Apart from that, old nutmeg mace can still be used for its essential oil because the oil content is still quite high. To get nutmeg oil from the fruit when it is young, you can also get mace which has a high level of oil content. The water content in mace is quite high so it is easy for mold to grow and will affect the oil yield and possibly also the physico-chemical properties of the oil. This research is a factorial experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. Factor A, namely the maturity level of mace, consists of two levels, namely full young and old mace. Factor B is the drying time of mace with four levels, namely 0, 8,16 and 24 hours. Each treatment was repeated three times. The oven drying temperature was 40° C and distillation was carried out for 20 hours. The results of the research for each level of mace maturity gave significant differences to the yield, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation and acid number of the refined oil, while the length of drying of the mace gave a real difference to the physico-chemical properties of the mace oil. The best results obtained were young mace which was dried for 24 hours with the following characteristics, full water content of 6.77%, mace oil yield of 12.8889 ml/100 grams of material, specific gravity of mace oil 0.9255; full oil refractive index 1.4871; The optical rotation of the oil is (+) 6.3433 and the acid number of mace oil is 2.29.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ON SARRABBA IS BASED ON THE PROPORTION OF RED GINGER EXTRACT (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE) AND CINNAMON EXTRACT (CINNAMOMUM VERUM J. PRESL)","authors":"Yoakhim Y.E. Oessoe, Jan R. Assa, Frangky Jessy Paat, Sindy C. T. Tangkeallo, Dedie Tooy, Teltje Koapaha, Selvie Tumbelaka, Christine F Mamuaja, Luther A. Latumakulita","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2832","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenol, yield and evaluation of the panelists' preference level including color, taste and aroma of instant sarabba. Sarabba is processed into an instant drink to extend the shelf life of the sarabba drink and is practical. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 treatment levels of the proportions of red ginger extract and cinnamon extract namely A (100% : 0%), B (95% : 5%), C (90% : 10%) ) and D (85% :15%) with 3 repetitions. The analytical method used in this research is the Folin Chiocalteau method for the total phenol test, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, -2 picrylhydrazyl) method for the antioxidant activity test. The results showed that the IC50 of instant sarabba ranged from 662.13 - 886.93 ppm and total phenol ranged from 2.21 - 6.75 mgGAE/100 g sample. Treatment of the proportion of 100% red ginger extract and 0% cinnamon extract had the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 662.13 ppm and total phenol with a value of 6.75 mgGAE/100 g simple","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ARABICA AND ROBUSTA COFFEE BLENDS ON CAFFEINE CONTENT, ACIDITY AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF INSTANT COFFEE","authors":"Tineke M Langi, Frangky Jessy Paat, Samuel D. A. Kusuma, Yoakhim Y.E. Oessoe, Suzanne L. Liwu, Christine F Mamuaja, Luther A. Latumakulita, Dedie Tooy, David P Rumambi, Herry F Pinatik, Rinny Mamarimbing","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2806","url":null,"abstract":"One of the types of coffee in Indonesia that can be processed into instant coffee is Gayo coffee. This research was conducted to find out the quality of instant coffee brewed in a mixture of arabica and robusta Gayo coffee. The method used in this research is a complete randomized design method (RAL) consisting of five treatments of a mixture of arabica coffee and robusta Gayo by making observations on acidity levels (pH), caffeine levels, and organoleptic of instant coffee brewing. The results showed that the mixed instant coffee types of Arabica and Robusta Gayo from each formulation produced different levels of acidity with a pH value of 5.55 – 6.43 and a different caffeine concentration with a value of 2.79% - 3.27% and qualified the quality requirements of the 2014 Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with a caffeine concentration value above a minimum of 2.5%. The brewing taste favored by the panelists was Gayo instant coffee, a mixture of 50% Arabica: 50% Robusta with a mild sour and bitter taste, a pH value of 5.94, and a caffeine content of 3.19%. The color and aroma of the coffee brewing favored by the panelists was Gayo instant coffee, a mixture of 70% arabica: 30% robusta with the quality of the brewing color of dark chocolate, the aroma of a little spice, the pH value of 5.55 , and the caffeine content of 2.79%.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL OF RUBBER FARMING AND PALM OIL FARMING IN REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME IN WEST KALIMANTAN 2019-2021 PERIOD","authors":"Marhamah Marhamah","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2798","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of wealth in Indonesia makes Indonesia one of the countries that has the largest type of agriculture in the world. Rubber farming is a long-term type of crop that is capable of being a main source of income and can even contribute to the processing of goods on an international scale, as well as oil palm is a new type of farming income, which has become the hottest spotlight among farmers and entrepreneurs as income has shot up. tall. So that here makes a comparison between rubber and oil palm income by the people of Retok Sungai Segak, Sebangki sub-district, Landak Regency as a future reference that can be more dominant in the rubber or palm business, this will become a reference material for the community managing the business. Not closing this will be a problem for people who persist in one option or both continue to operate. This research is an analysis of the income of rubber farming and oil palm farming which is expected to introduce knowledge to the Retok community to choose or both continue.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPOUND CONTENT OF LOCAL CURCUMIN (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA) IN NORTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA","authors":"L. S. Demmassabu, F. Paat, D. A. S. Turang, Selvie Tumbelaka, Christine F. Mamuaja, S. Wantasen, Marjam Toding, J. Pongoh, J. Paulus","doi":"10.47709/joa.v2i02.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v2i02.2751","url":null,"abstract":"This Zingiberaceae plant is widely used as medicine, including temulawak. Because curcuma  (C.xanthorrhiza) is a medicinal plant that has many benefits and includes plants needed in large quantities compared to other medicinal plants. Traditionally rhizomes Temulawak is used to treat stomach ailments, liver disorders, constipation, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, hemorrhoids, hypotriglyceridaemic, and anti-inflammatory. Study about plant Curcuma local ignite still not enough researched so that not yet get information compounds which contained in the local curcuma of North Sulawesi for the development for biopharmaceutical development, mapping in the distribution of plants, ecology, plant conservation and protection to maintain local wisdom. Histochemical Test is a method to determine the content of chemical compounds in a plant tissue qualitative. Testing can be done by adding a special reagent or solution to the incision organ plant and will give color which Specific. Activity study this will test  curcumin compound group on local ginger from North Sulawesi by histochemical method. research that done is study non experiment with design descriptive qualitative. The results showed that North Sulawesi local white temulawak powder contained curcumin in a sample with a sample weight of 0.10 g at a sample spotting volume of 20 µl with a sample spotting volume of 2040 nanograms, curcumin levels were <0.10 nanograms/mg. Curcumin biosynthesis is influenced by site conditions, agro-climate, genotype, and plant cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88002785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}