Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports最新文献

{"title":"An Approach for Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Purification by Using an Elastin-Like Protein Tag","authors":"R. Sarvestani, A. Latifi, H. Alizadeh, M. Mirzaei","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.110243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.110243","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Wide applications in research, clinical and cosmetic industry of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) made it a research interest target. Its production in different expression systems has shown several limitations. Recombinant expression of hEGF in E. coli is always accompanied by inclusion body formation. The object of this study is to the evaluation of a chromatography-independent approach for the production of EGF in E. coli as soluble form. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate a chromatogram independent purification approach for recombinant hEGF production in a soluble form, the hEGF gene was fused to an elastin-like protein (ELP) and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using pET26b expression vector for secretion the product into periplasmic space. Results: Periplasmic protein content analysis confirmed that the recombinant protein is secreted into the periplasm. The purification process was done by using 0.4 M ammonium sulfate in two cycles of inverse phase transition (ITC). After two cycles of purification, purity reached more than 95%. Western blotting analysis with the monoclonal anti-EGF antibody has confirmed the accuracy of EGF. Biological activity of the purified protein was investigated on NIH-3T3 cell line and results indicated EGF-induced proliferation in treated cells. Our results showed periplasmic expression is the proper approach to the production of soluble recombinant hEGF. By using ELP fused to EGF, the purification process was established without applying chromatography which will result in decreasing in final costs. Conclusions: This study introduced a new economic and efficient approach to the production and purification of recombinant hEGF.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Nanoemulsions of Curcumin, Piperine, and Tualang Honey as Antifungal Agents for Candida Species","authors":"Zhi Xin Phuna, James Ken Ee Yu, Jie Ying Tee, S. Chuah, N. Tan, S. Vijayabalan, A. Manap, Sreenivas Patro Sisinthy, P. Madhavan","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109997","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) has received enormous attention, not only due to its negative influences on women’s life but also because of the escalating trend of fungal resistance towards current antifungal drugs. In recent decades, researches have been focusing on the development of natural products as the antifungal agents due to their low side effects compared to standard antifungal drugs. In this study, the antifungal activity of curcumin, piperine, and tualang honey (TH) in single, combination, and combined nanoemulsions was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The nanoemulsions were prepared by dissolving curcumin, piperine and TH in the nanoemulsions base which was prepared by mixing Capryol, Tween80/Kolliphor RN40 and Transcutol HP. For assesment of atifungal activity, well diffusion methods were used and the zone of inhibitions were compared to fluconazole as a standard drug, .  Results: The antifungal activity of these natural products alone was low and not all combinations were significant. Moreover, both curcumin and piperine are known to have low bioavailability that might limit its fungicidal efficiency. Hence, nanoemulsions of curcumin, piperine, and honey were then developed in this study. The nanoemulsions of three natural compounds have possessed favorable antifungal activity (more than 80%) against the wide range of Candida spp. Particularly, Candida albicans was more susceptible to these nanoemulsions compared to other species tested and some of them were the most resistant to fluconazole. Conclusions: In concise, this study showed evidence in support of the therapeutic use of nanoemulsions of curcumin, piperine, and tualang honey in antifungal infections.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43913358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological characterization of biological hydrogels in aqueous state","authors":"K. Alam, Muhammad Iqbal, A. Hasan, N. Al-Maskari","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109994","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Biological hydrogels provide a conducive extracellular environment for encapsulating and growing cells and play an important role in regulating cell behavior. Mechanical and rheological properties of hydrogels can influence cell function, mechanotransduction and cellular behaviors such as growth, migration, adhesion, self-renewal, differentiation, morphology and fate. Determination of rheological properties of biogels is important for printing tissues by controlling physical properties and developing efficient drug delivery systems. The main purpose of the current study was to determine some important rheological properties of two well-known hydrogels (agarose and gelatin methacryloyl [GelMA]). Materials and Methods: Rheological properties of gel solutions with different concentrations were measured using oscillatory rheometry. Agarose gels of 1% and 2% (w/v) concentration were prepared in 100 mL de-ionized water. The GelMA solutions of 10% and 15% concentrations were prepared by dissolving dry GelMA in deionized water. Rheological measurements were performed using a rheometer with cone-plate geometry. Results: Both storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) increased with an increase in frequency. Rheological properties of both types of gel solutions were strongly influenced by the amount of concentration. The shear stress profiles demonstrated shear thinning in both types of gels. Viscosity of 1% agarose and 2% agarose was found comparable with 10% GelMA and 15% GelMA , respectively. Conclusions: Results obtained from experiments revealed that rotational rheometry can be confidently used to determine viscous and elastic response of hydrogels in the aqueous state. The results will help to select the right type of gel and amount of concentration for the bio-printing of tissues.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"171-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Culture Conditions and Reaction Parameters of β-glucosidase From a New Isolate of Bacillus subtilis (B1)","authors":"Lutfun Neesa, R. Islam, N. Jahan, U. S. Zohora, Mohammad Shahedur Rahman","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109990","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The increased need for a considerable β-glucosidase activity, especially in the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose for bioenergy, has strongly stimulated the identification of effective β-glucosidase producing microbes. This study was conducted to optimize culture condition for β-glucosidase production from the identified new isolate of Bacillus subtilis (B1) and to find out an ideal condition for β-glucosidase activity. \u0000Materials and Methods: For β-glucosidase production, the bacterium was cultivated in a basal medium. The culture condition was optimized at several pH, different temperatures, varying cultivation periods, and various substrate concentrations. Finally, the activity of the β-glucosidase enzyme was investigated at different incubation periods, pH, temperatures, metal ions, and various percentages of methanol. The activity of β-glucosidase was measured by the capability of crude enzyme to convert pNPG (p-nitrophenyl-β-D glucopyranoside) into yellow product PNP (p-nitrophenol). \u0000Results: Cellulolytic bacterial strain B. subtilis (B1) showed high potentiality for β-glucosidase production at a pH of 7.0 after 24 hours incubation at 40°C. The highest level of enzyme production was achieved when 3% of CMC was provided in the culture medium. Optimum reaction conditions for β-glucosidase activity were shown to be 10 minutes, 60°C and at pH 7. Salts like Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4), Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), and Manganese Sulfate (MnSO4) positively influenced the activity where NaCl and KCl had negative effects. The presence of methanol (80%) appreciably enhanced the activity of enzyme. \u0000Conclusions: Complete saccharification of different industrial processes can be augmented by using this novel β-glucosidase produced by B. subtilis strain isolated from effluent of biogas plant.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42129631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Aristolochia longa Flavonoids","authors":"Soumia Attou, B. Meddah, A. T. Meddah, Meriem Mokhtar, P. Sonnet","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109897","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aristolochia longa, is widely used as a medicinal plant, in Algerian folk medicine since ancient times and passed through the generations. This study focused on the qualitative examination of different phytochemical constituents to determine their antioxidant activities.Materials and Methods: Leaves and roots were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction technique using the methanol as solvent. The total phenolic and flavonoids content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with two distinct methods: DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP). Then, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was performed to analyze leaves and roots n-butanol fractions. Results: Leaves gave a significant value of polyphenols (8.580 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g DW). Whereas, n-butanol fraction flavonoids extracted from leaves was observed much highest (4.54 ± 1.94 mg CE/g DW). N-butanol fraction leaves showed a powerful scavenging activity and reducing activity with an IC50 = 0.044 ± 0.001 mg/ml and EC50 = 0.126 ± 0.041 mg/ml, respectively. The HPLC analysis of leaves and roots n-butanol fraction revealed different bioactive compounds in which they belong to the flavonoids category.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that Aristolochia longa leaves were considered as an important resource of flavonoids, which have an interesting antioxidant power.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42579687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Association between a Genetic Variant in MiR-196a-2 Gene and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the Iranian Population","authors":"M. Sadeghi, Ali Didehban, A. Sharifi, E. Seyedrezazadeh","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109861","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the expression of their target genes. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs may affect their function and expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between miR-196a2 rs116614913 polymorphism and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed among 103 lung cancer patients and 100 healthy controls. The polymerase chain-reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and direct sequencing were used for miR-196a2 polymorphism genotyping. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software and t test method. Results: According to the findings of this study, there was no significant association between rs11614913 polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer in codominant model (CT vs. CC: OR = 0.67, TT vs. CC: OR = 0.74, CT + CC vs. CC: OR = 1.133), dominant model (CT+TT vs. CC: OR=0.657) and recessive model (TT vs. CC+CT: OR = 0.88). In addition, there was no relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and controls. Conclusions: In summary, findings indicated no significant association between miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphisms and lung cancer in the Iranian population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to verify these findings.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43472784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Honeybee Products From Algeria","authors":"B. Bakchiche, İlginç Kızılpınar Temizer, A. Güder, Ö. G. Çelemli, S. Ç. Yegin, S. Bardaweel, M. Ghareeb","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109498","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the current study, the microscopic and chemical analysis of Algerian honey, pollen, and propolis were investigated. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of honeybee products was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, their in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated. Anticancer activities were assessed using the MTT assay while the antimicrobial potential was studied using the microdilution method. The antioxidant activities were investigated using the 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (H2O2) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The TPC and TFC were evaluated via Folin-Ciocalteu’s and AlCl3 assays, respectively. Results: In the GC-MS analyses, 36 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of pollen accounting for 92.73% of the total extract; linolenic acid was the most abundant compound (21.28%). Also, 23 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of propolis representing 29.91% of the total extract; Z-nerolidol was the most abundant compound (8.96%). Moreover, 17 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of honey representing 99.40% of the total extract while glyceraldehyde (27.07%) was the major abundant compound. The ethanol extract from pollen yielded the highest TPC with 1169.33 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. In the DPPH assay, the SC50 values ranged from 50.74 to 53.05 μg/mL. Significant antimicrobial activities were associated with propolis with Gram-positive bacteria as the most sensitive microorganisms. In addition, remarkable anticancer activities were observed for propolis against five human cancer cell lines with LD50 values in the range of 3-160 μg/mL. Conclusions: Algerian Honeybee products, especially propolis, may be a potential source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the treatment of oxidative stress and cancer diseases.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR Arrays: A Review on Its Mechanism","authors":"S. Mohamadi, S. Bostanabad, R. Mirnejad","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109380","url":null,"abstract":"Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) which is literally defined as a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is an adaptive immune system in bacteria, which enables them to detect and destroy the DNA of the virus. In fact, CRISPR is a defense mechanism in prokaryotic cells, which induces resistance to foreign genetic content, such as that found in the plasmid or phages. The proteins involved in this mechanism are called CRISPR associated proteins (CAS) which have the ability to search, cut and eventually transform phage DNA in a specific way. The CAS is a protein with an enzymatic function which can be called nuclease, given the fact that it plays a special role in the DNA sequence and CRISPR arrays. The CRISPR technology allows changes in DNA, which enables to modify and make any changes to any gene in any living creature, much more accurately and better than all previous methods. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms and benefits of CRISPR in genome editing, briefly reviewing CRISPR programs in gene therapy exploration and CRISPR’s ability to produce different types of mutations through different repair mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Mobilizing and Releasing High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Carbonaceous Material-Amended Soil","authors":"A. Zand","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109288","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Migration and mobilization of recalcitrant organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated sites may endanger groundwater resources if considerable amounts of these compounds are mobilized and leached from solid phase into aqueous phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of biochar in two forms i.e. crushed and pulverized on immobilization and leaching behavior of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs from contaminated soil into water as well as evaluation of contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in mobilization and release of HMW PAHs in crushed and pulverized biochar-amended soil, which was addressed for the first time in this study. Materials and Methods: Column leaching test was used to evaluate the leaching behavior of selected HMW PAHs from soil. Concentrations of PAHs in column leachates were determined using a GC/MS. Results: Findings showed strong sorption of the studied HMW PAHs to solid phase in both unamended and amended columns. Dibenz[a,h]anthracenewas not mobilized by water flow in any of the examined treatments and showed the greatest affinity to solid matrix. Mobility and leaching of most HMW PAHs were enhanced in the presence of crushed biochar. Direct correlation between detected concentrations of HMW PAHs in column percolates and DOC was found in biochar-amended soil. Conclusions: Biochar can be used as a promising cost-effective alternative to activated carbon in immobilization of PAHs in contaminated sites. However, contribution of DOC in mobilization of HMW PAHs from contaminated soils towards groundwater resources cannot be neglected.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Hibiscus sabdariffa","authors":"Doaa M. A. Khalil, S. El-zayat, M. El-Sayed","doi":"10.30491/JABR.2020.109287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30491/JABR.2020.109287","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fungal endophytes are friendly microbes colonizing in plants and play an effective role in plant-environment interactions. They produce valuable secondary metabolites that both plants and human beings can benefit from such products. Diverse compounds are biosynthesized by endophytes to promote plant growth and prevent pathogen attacks. Some of these compounds can be used for human drugs as antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Thirteen endophytic fungal species were isolated from root, stem and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa. The assessment of the antioxidants activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assays of 26 ethyl acetate and 13 methanol crude fungal extracts has been carried out. Qualitative assay of bioactive compounds for 39 endophytic fungal extracts have been checked by standard procedures. Quantitative estimation of TPC and flavonoids content was done. The DPPH free radical scavenging was estimated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidants activity. Results: Qualitative detection of secondary metabolites revealed that endophytic fungal extracts from Aspergillus terreus isolated from the leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was found to be able to produce all the tested functional metabolites with the highest total phenolic contents (204.5±0.4 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity for DPPH radical scavenging assay (91.88 ± 0.17 μg/mL). Conclusions: The present study revealed that metabolites produced by some endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant, Hibiscus sabdariffa could be a potential source of novel natural antioxidant compounds.","PeriodicalId":14945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}