Grounding Urban Natures最新文献

Realms of Exposure: On Design, Material Agency, and Political Ecologies in Córdoba 暴露的领域:关于设计，材料代理和政治生态Córdoba

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 2019-09-15 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0009

M. Ávila, H. Ernstson

{"title":"Realms of Exposure: On Design, Material Agency, and Political Ecologies in Córdoba","authors":"M. Ávila, H. Ernstson","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"yearold child in the Argentinean city of Córdoba is taken to the hospital and is kept breathing through artificial respiration. A scorpion had crept in through the grate of the shower and stung him. Similar humanscorpion encounters have become more common over the last ten years and have prompted a public campaign on how to avoid being stung. In this chapter we take an interest in morethanhuman urban encounters of this kind. We want to understand what it means to share a place, not with cute, cuddly, or majestic animals that are easily visible, but with small animals, insects, and organisms that we instinctively fear will hurt us. The chapter therefore contributes to a growing literature that elaborates methods and frameworks to think about animals as fellow urban inhabi tants. This has ranged from following the traces left by water voles and badgers in Birmingham in trying to upset expert ways of knowing the city; to writing accounts that try to sensitize humans to how penguins and flying foxes experience the city of Sydney as “narrative subjects”; and, finally, to draw on media accounts of a tiger, an elephant, and a cow, which fled zoos, circuses, and slaughterhouses, to elaborate on the possible political agency of nonhuman animals. In relation to this literature, our contribution lies in approaching animals that we instinctively fear and, rather than using more traditional ethnographic methods, we use material design as a method of speculating about such morethanhuman relations. Design has the advantage of sustaining affective, social, material, and political tensions and possibilities with species that we humans relate to. In this context, the chapter describes and reflects on an alternative shower grate that we designed with the idea of shifting the roles and relations between humans and scorpions toward cohabitation. A central aim is, therefore, to make urban dwellers more aware 5 Realms of Exposure: On Design, Material Agency, and Political Ecologies in Córdoba","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132527414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Regimes of Urban Nature: Organic Urbanism, Biotope Protection, and Civic Gardening in Berlin 城市自然的制度:柏林的有机城市主义、生物群落保护和城市园艺

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0014

J. Lachmund

引用次数: 1

Grounding and Worlding Urban Natures: Configuring an Urban Ecology Knowledge Project 接地与世界城市性质:配置一个城市生态知识项目

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0020

H. Ernstson, S. Sörlin

{"title":"Grounding and Worlding Urban Natures: Configuring an Urban Ecology Knowledge Project","authors":"H. Ernstson, S. Sörlin","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Central to this book are an urge and a curiosity to multiply the understanding of urban environments by taking in a wider urban experience. Rather than a global model that tries to grasp and decode urban environments in the same way wherever they appear, we have worked with the idea that what is required is an approach that sustains the multiplicity of urban nature, that affords and provides space for various ways of knowing and ways of being within and in relation to urban nature, and that produces an epistemologically and ontologically rich object of study, opening it toward conversations, collaborations, debates, and contestations. In a world that is urbanizing rapidly across a diverse set of cultural and biophysical contexts, it is crucial to open our understanding of urban nature toward a broader urban experience. At the very end of the volume, it is time to reflect on how the growing community who share an interest in urban environmental studies could move on in future work. One way of taking the project forward would be to engage in a critical and constructive relationship with urban ecology as conceived within the environmental sciences. The meeting between scientific and narrativebased ways of knowing urban environments could focus on how knowledge is used in tangible conflicts and controversies. Sara Whatmore and the broader conceptual work built in the field of science and technology studies have opened one practical avenue. In her work on flooding in English towns, Whatmore brought natural and social scientific scholars and representatives from the 13 Grounding and Worlding Urban Natures: Configuring an Urban Ecology Knowledge Project","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132666622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Invasion and Citizen Mobilization: Urban Natures in Dalian 入侵与公民动员:大连的城市性质

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0012

L. Hoffman

{"title":"Invasion and Citizen Mobilization: Urban Natures in Dalian","authors":"L. Hoffman","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"of volunteers met to pull invasive plants in Dalian, a major port city in northeast China. Participants included recent high school graduates and individuals who had been retired for years, men and women, regular activists and new participants. All had gone through training provided by a wellestablished environmental organization about the targeted plant and its damage to the local ecosystem. After driving to the roadside not far from the universities where the work was to be done, the volunteers pulled protective clothing out of their bags— long sleeved shirts, long pants, gloves, and scarves for their heads and mouths— to ward off scratches and insects (see figure 7.1, top). They also shared machetes, clippers, and shovels, and tossed water bottles to each other because of the heat. When I attended another outing with the same organization in the summer of 2011, about twentyfive people congregated to listen to the director describe the invasive weeds and insects that had been introduced with imported plants and were impacting the local ecosystem. They passed around a sample leaf for everyone to see and touch, and then asked participants to pull them, which they did for about an hour before sitting together for lunch, chatting, and taking photos (see figure 7.1, bottom). The physicality and materiality of such volunteering seem to be critical aspects of these experiences— the heat; the chopping, cutting and pulling of the plants; the backs bent and glovedhands grabbing; the protective clothes; and the shared water, and often shared snacks. The plants themselves, described as invasive, indicative of things out of place and problematic, may be understood as active parts of the social processes of volunteering, which intertwines the work of nongovernmental organizations 7 Invasion and Citizen Mobilization: Urban Natures in Dalian","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Toward Comparative Urban Environmentalism: Situating Urban Natures in an Emerging “World of Cities” 走向比较城市环境主义:在新兴的“城市世界”中定位城市性质

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0004

H. Ernstson, S. Sörlin

引用次数: 4

Urban Nature and Its Publics: Shades of Green in the Remaking of Delhi 城市自然及其公众:德里改造中的绿色阴影

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0013

A. Baviskar

{"title":"Urban Nature and Its Publics: Shades of Green in the Remaking of Delhi","authors":"A. Baviskar","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Faridabad toll road, your standard highway on Delhi’s outskirts, rolling through a landscape where dusty scrub vegetation is being rapidly replaced by dustier highrise construction sites. There’s an eyesore called the Gurgaon Faridabad Combined Solid Waste Management facility, with acres of open garbage, some scrawny cows, and flapping crows. Beside the kachcha (unpaved) road along the dump’s broken boundary wall, there are deep, jaggededged craters, relicts from the stone quarrying that was done here until ten years ago. The land is rocky and open, dotted about with trees and shrubs, one of those ennuiinducing views where your mind begins to wander to more interesting things like the grocery shopping list or reminding yourself to call the plumber when you get home. In the middle of this nowhere, Pradip Krishen, author of Trees of Delhi, whom I am accompanying, stops the car. We walk for about ten minutes, winding our way past rocks hugged by stunted plants, between trees twisted by hot dry winds. It is 8:00 in the morning in late March, and it already feels like summer. And then, suddenly, we arrive at the lip of a cliff. The ground drops away and so does my jaw. Spread out below us is a deep wooded valley, densely yet delicately green, the expanse of its tree canopy broken only by the whitewashed domed tower of a small shrine in the distance. Besides the shrine, the only other sign of human presence is a boundary pillar on the far end of the valley. That’s it; the rest is undisturbed forest. The only sound is the plaintive call of peafowl, the only movement their ponderous glide from one tree to another. Oh, there’s also the racket of parakeets arrowing across the sky. Some grasses wave as the breeze catches the outcrop of rocks below our feet. Everything else is still. We could be two hundred kilometers away in the middle of Sariska National Park except 8 Urban Nature and Its Publics: Shades of Green in the Remaking of Delhi","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ecology in the Urban Century: Power, Place, and the Abstraction of Nature 城市世纪的生态学:权力、地点与自然的抽象

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0017

James Evans

{"title":"Ecology in the Urban Century: Power, Place, and the Abstraction of Nature","authors":"James Evans","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"tion living in cities— a proportion forecast by the United Nations to rise to 75 percent by 2050. At the same time, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has claimed with 95 percent certainty that climate change is being driven by human activities, prompting scientists to herald the advent of the Anthropocene, a new era in which humans have become the main drivers of environmental change. The challenge of securing a sustainable global future has become a question of taming the environmental impacts of cities. Within this context, ecology has emerged as a technology of governance, promising a way to manage human relations with nature in more sustainable ways. As in the nineteenth century, when crusading sanitarians and engineers tamed death and disease with modern infrastructures supplying water and energy, so in the current urban century, urban ecology is being herlded as being capable of arresting environmental destruction with closed loop systems and adaptive management. Ecology is the scientific assumption lying behind every rhetorical “eco” preface, providing a compass to navigate safe passage to the promised land of sustainability. The irony of this redemptive role is that ecology originated as a discipline not primarily concerned with people. Environmental historians have offered compelling accounts of how concepts like succession and ecosystems embody the specific characteristics of the rural and wilderness areas in which early ecologists worked. Sometimes the parallels are literal: the idea of “pioneer” plant communities was derived from research conducted on the vast plains of the Midwest in early twentiethcentury America, across which human pioneers had moved barely a century earlier. One particularly stubborn consequence of this has been the hardwiring of cultural preferences for “wild” environments into the scientific models of 11 Ecology in the Urban Century: Power, Place, and the Abstraction of Nature","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114652096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0011

Richard A. Walker

{"title":"Nature’s Popular Metropolis: The Greening of the San Francisco Bay Area","authors":"Richard A. Walker","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"cisco Bay Area, the greenest of cities in the United States. It has earned that title by virtue of over a century of conservation of open space, bay waters, and coastal areas the length and breadth of the metropolitan area. The Bay Area is replete with what might be called “popular urban natures” because the landscape of the region bristles with parks, open spaces, and other protected areas that are the result of widespread mobilization of committed citizens, fierce outbreaks of environmental politics, and thoroughgoing incorporation of green spaces in public life. I have assayed the depth and breadth of this process of popular naturemaking in the city elsewhere; I use this opportunity to elaborate on the key ideas in the making of urban natures and show how they must be grounded geographically and politically. The argument proceeds in three parts. First, the bay metropolis encompasses a huge array of open spaces— loosely called the “greenbelt”— that have become an everyday part of the urban scene, experienced as scenic backdrop, as recreational areas, and as integral to local residents’ sense of place. That greenbelt is widely viewed as preserved wildland, in contrast to the artifice of the city, yet it is anything but nature in the raw. It is an urbanized nature— a socionatural hybrid profoundly transformed by the encounter between city and country and between popular ideas and practices and ecological processes. Second, the greenbelt landscape can be understood as popular urban nature in the crucial sense of being the consequence of strenuous political activity by a mobilized citizenry that has been well organized, well led, and well heeled. Popular spaces of urban nature have been achieved through a sustained struggle in counterflow to the dominant logic of profitmaking, expressed in terms of the public interest and manifested 6 Nature’s Popular Metropolis: The Greening of the San Francisco Bay Area","PeriodicalId":148647,"journal":{"name":"Grounding Urban Natures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123316441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface: A Diverse Urban World 前言:一个多样化的城市世界

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0001

引用次数: 0

Refiguring the Rural: Eco-urbanization in Yixing City 重构农村:宜兴市的生态城镇化

Grounding Urban Natures Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11600.003.0018

Jia-Ching Chen

引用次数: 2