Iraqi Geological Journal最新文献_第9页

Genetic Algorithm-Based Well Placement Optimization: A Review of Studies 基于遗传算法的井位优化：研究综述

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.16ms-2023-12-22

Zahraa Al-Sadi, Dhifaf Sadeq

引用次数: 0

Genesis of Sulfide Mineralization in the Gallala Area Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Constraints from Major and Trace Elements of Sulfide Ore Mineralization and their Host Rocks 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区加拉拉地区硫化物矿化的成因：硫化物矿化及其母岩的主要元素和痕量元素的制约因素

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2f.1ms-2023-12-7

Twana Mustafa, Tola Mirza, S. Kalaitzidis

{"title":"Genesis of Sulfide Mineralization in the Gallala Area Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Constraints from Major and Trace Elements of Sulfide Ore Mineralization and their Host Rocks","authors":"Twana Mustafa, Tola Mirza, S. Kalaitzidis","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2f.1ms-2023-12-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2f.1ms-2023-12-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents and interprets new geochemical data from the Gallala sulfide mineralization, situated in the Choman District of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq close to the Iraq and Iranian border. The host rocks belong to the Walash-Naopurdan Group, which developed in the Paleocene-Eocene age in the Zagros Suture Zone. The ore mineral assemblage of the Gallala area consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite. The mineral chemistry and geochemical analysis indicate that there is a significant variation in concentrations of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite from the Gallala mineralization. The trace element characteristics of the sulfide mineralization and their host rocks indicate that the ore-forming materials were derived from hydrothermal fluids being interacted with the igneous rocks. The trace element signatures and REE distributions of the studied samples, tectonically lead to suggest island-arc and back-arc environments in the Gallala area. Additionally, the REE patterns of the Gallala sulfides indicate the ore-forming fluids are related to arc-related hydrothermal systems. The integration of geochemical features along with the chemistry of ore mineralization such as the Selenium/Sulfur ratio of pyrite, Co/Ni ratios from both pyrite and chalcopyrite, the Zn/Cd values from the sphalerite, and the petrogenetic discriminate diagrams of magnetite reveal that the genesis of the sulfide mineralization can be attributed to volcanogenic to hydrothermal ore-formations with high to medium temperatures origin.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Groundwater Investigation Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique in Western Ramadi, Iraq 在伊拉克拉马迪西部使用电阻率成像技术进行地下水调查

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.10ms-2023-11-15

Mohand Noon, Ali M. Abed, Firas H. Al-Menshed

引用次数: 0

Multiple and Coherent Noise Removal from X-Profile 2D Seismic Data of Southern Iraq Using Common Depth Point Muting Procedures and Depending on Madagascar Open-Source Package 使用通用深度点静噪程序并根据马达加斯加开源软件包从伊拉克南部 X-Profile 二维地震数据中去除多重和相干噪声

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.23ms-2023-11-28

Ahmed Al-Rahim, Lamees Abdulkareem

{"title":"Multiple and Coherent Noise Removal from X-Profile 2D Seismic Data of Southern Iraq Using Common Depth Point Muting Procedures and Depending on Madagascar Open-Source Package","authors":"Ahmed Al-Rahim, Lamees Abdulkareem","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.23ms-2023-11-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.23ms-2023-11-28","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes how to predict different types of multiple reflections in pre-track seismic data. The characteristics of multiple reflections can be expressed as a combination of the characteristics of primary reflections. Multiple velocities always come in lower magnitude than the primaries, this is the base for separating them during Normal Move Out correction. The muting procedure is applied in Time-Velocity analysis domain. Semblance plot is used to diagnose multiples availability and judgment for muting dimensions. This processing procedure is used to eliminate internal multiples from real 2D seismic data from southern Iraq in two stages. The first is conventional Normal Move Out correction and velocity auto picking and stacking, and the second stage is muting. Many Common Depth Point gathers are tested to select the proper muting dimension, later on; the auto pick for the muted semblance is done for the whole 2D seismic data. The following step is to stack the Normal Move Out corrected data. Differences are calculated between the two stages of the process which greatly help to determine the eliminated multiple locations within the sedimentary secession. This will reduce the risk of interpreting these sequences as primary reflectors spatially within deep thin layers. Madagascar open source package is used in these processing steps. Madagascar open source package is very efficient, accurate, and easy to correct any part of the Python code used in the two stages of processing.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"164 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Petrographical and Geochemical Features of Sulfide Mineralization in the Walash Group, Gallala Area, Kurdistan Region of Iraq 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区加拉拉地区瓦拉什组硫化物矿化的岩相和地球化学特征

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.2ms-2023-11-7

Twana Mustafa, Tola Mirza, S. Kalaitzidis

引用次数: 0

A Review on Pressure Transient Analysis in Multilayer Reservoir: South Iraq Case Study 多层储层压力瞬态分析综述：伊拉克南部案例研究

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.16ms-2023-11-21

Shamam Abdulkadhim, Dahlia A. Al-Obaidi

{"title":"A Review on Pressure Transient Analysis in Multilayer Reservoir: South Iraq Case Study","authors":"Shamam Abdulkadhim, Dahlia A. Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.16ms-2023-11-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.16ms-2023-11-21","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer reservoirs are currently modeled as a single zone system by averaging the reservoir parameters associated with each reservoir zone. However, this type of modeling is rarely accurate because a single zone system does not account for the fact that each zone's pressure decreases independently. Pressure drop for each zone has an effect on the total output and would result in inter-flow and the premature depletion of one of the zones. Understanding reservoir performance requires a precise estimation of each layer's permeability and skin factor. The Multilayer Transient Analysis is a well-testing technique designed to determine formation properties in more than one layer, and its effectiveness over the past two decades has been demonstrated. In order to conduct MTA, a combination of rate profiles derived from production data and transient rate and pressure measurements at multiple surface rates is necessary. Numerous experimental and analytic approaches to calculating multilayer characteristics, performance, and flow behavior in multilayer systems have emerged. This technology was implemented at the Zubair oil field in southern Iraq. In the last four years, the number of wells producing under saturation pressure has been increased in the Zubair oil field, particularly for the Mishrif and Zubair reservoirs. In the design of secondary and tertiary recovery, the study of the reservoir in the form of an individual layer to determine the pressure, permeability, and damage of each layer with commingled formation is important. This research describes previously available methods, factors that affect Multilayer Transient Analysis an economic indicator of Multilayer Transient Analysis and a case study","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones of the Shewasoor Sub-Basin Using Analytical Hierarchy Process, RS and GIS Techniques in Kirkuk, Northeastern Iraq 在伊拉克东北部基尔库克使用层次分析法、RS 和 GIS 技术对 Shewasoor 子盆地的地下水潜力区进行建模和绘图

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.8ms-2023-11-13

Madyan Al-Gburi, Mohmmed Hasan, R. Habala

{"title":"Modeling and Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones of the Shewasoor Sub-Basin Using Analytical Hierarchy Process, RS and GIS Techniques in Kirkuk, Northeastern Iraq","authors":"Madyan Al-Gburi, Mohmmed Hasan, R. Habala","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.8ms-2023-11-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.8ms-2023-11-13","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is considered one of the most vital natural resources for sustaining life. The demand for water in the Shewasoor sub-basin is constantly increasing due to formidable population growth and the development of human activities. Besides, groundwater is scarce due to climatic changes in arid and semi-arid. This study aims to determine spatial distribution of groundwater potential in the Shewasoor sub-basin. This study relied on seven layers (geology, slope, elevation, lineament, drainage density, soil, and land use/land covers) using geographic information systems, remote sensing, and applying the analytical hierarchy process method after determining the weights for each parameter by a multi-criteria decision analysis; to model the groundwater potential map in the Shewasoor sub-basin. The result appeared as a map of groundwater potential categorized into five zones. The majority of the sub-basin (61.8 km2) falls under a very high-high groundwater potential zone, which distributes over an area of elevations, drainage density, and slopes low of the Bai-Hassan Formation; from the center towards the north of the sub-basin. The moderate groundwater potential zone (47.6 km2) mainly encompasses an area of elevations and slopes moderate to the Bai-Hassan formation. About 49.6 km2 is a very low to low groundwater potential zone, mainly found over the area of the elevations and slopes high within the Mukdadiyah Formation east of the sub-basin; in addition to, low groundwater potential within the Bai-Hassan Formation in the south, west, and some part center of the sub-basin due of the elevations and slopes high.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geology, Petrography, and Geochemistry of Younger Granites and Related Radioactive Pegmatite from Gabal El Urf Area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt: Implications for the Evolution of the NYF-Type Rare-Elements Granitic Pegmatite 埃及东北部沙漠 Gabal El Urf 地区较年轻花岗岩及相关放射性伟晶岩的地质学、岩相学和地球化学：对 NYF 型稀有元素花岗伟晶岩演化的影响

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.1ms-2023-11-6

Amr Abdel Hamid, Seddik H. Seddik, Mohamed Hassan, Hicham Abdel Hamid

{"title":"Geology, Petrography, and Geochemistry of Younger Granites and Related Radioactive Pegmatite from Gabal El Urf Area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt: Implications for the Evolution of the NYF-Type Rare-Elements Granitic Pegmatite","authors":"Amr Abdel Hamid, Seddik H. Seddik, Mohamed Hassan, Hicham Abdel Hamid","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.1ms-2023-11-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.1ms-2023-11-6","url":null,"abstract":"Gabal El Urf region is located in the northern Egyptian Eastern Desert and overlain essentially by older and younger granitoids of Late Proterozoic age. These granitoids contain numerous outcrops of pegmatites, mostly occurring as dikes and veins or huge separated masses. In the contrary, pegmatites form lens-like bodies enclosed within the younger granites along their margins. Previous radiometric surveys showed anomalous concentrations of radioactivity on pegmatite body, located to the south of the study region. The younger granites and the associated radioactive pegmatite are studied in details with the aim to describe this pegmatite, petrogenesis and its relation with the encolsing granite. The younger granites are monzogranite and syenogranite according to mineralogical and chemical classification. Petrographically, the two younger granitic phases are strikingly similar. Both consist of potash feldspar, plagioclase and biotite with some hornblende in the earlier phase. Gabal El Urf younger granites are categorized as highly fractionated I-type granites with metaluminous to mildly peraluminous characters, which emplaced at 600 ± 11 Ma in post-collisional environment. The radioactive pegmatite is located within the syenogranite and enriched with Zr, Nb, Ta, Y, Th, U and REEs; accordingly it was classified as NYF-type rare-elements pegmatite. Metal-bearing generations of minerals within the rare-elements pegmatite include zircon, uranothorite, betafite, aeschynite, fluorite, pyrite and ilmenite.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Laboratory Watershed Model to Study the Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Soil Surface Slope on Surface Runoff Rate of Karbala Desert Soil 研究降雨强度和土壤表面坡度对卡尔巴拉沙漠土壤地表径流速率影响的实验室流域模型

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.11ms-2023-11-16

Ayoob Al-Janabi, Riyadh Al-Saadi, Husam Alwan

{"title":"A Laboratory Watershed Model to Study the Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Soil Surface Slope on Surface Runoff Rate of Karbala Desert Soil","authors":"Ayoob Al-Janabi, Riyadh Al-Saadi, Husam Alwan","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.11ms-2023-11-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.11ms-2023-11-16","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation generating surface runoff is very important in various water resources development and management activities such as flood control and management, irrigation scheduling, irrigation design, and drainage networks. The aim of this study is to indicate the effect of rainfall intensity and soil surface slope on the surface runoff rate of Karbala desert soil. This study was conducted on the soil of the Karbala desert in Iraq, located between the provinces of Karbala and Najaf, extended from the longitude 32o44'186'' E and latitude 44o100'960''N. In this study, a laboratory watershed model was designed and constructed to be used to examine surface runoff of the Karbala desert soil and other hydrological properties, under the influence of different precipitation intensities (1.83 cm/min, 1.67 cm/min, 0.9 cm/min, and 0.64 cm/min) and different slopes of the soil surface (0.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.3 %, and 6.7 %). A Gene Expression Programming model was used to develop an equation of the surface runoff rate for the Karbala desert soil. The results showed that the rate of surface runoff increased with increasing rainfall intensity. The highest surface runoff rate of 101.53 cm/hr was obtained when the rainfall intensity was 1.83 cm/min, while at the rainfall intensity of 0.64 cm/min, the highest value of surface runoff rate of 31.17 cm/hr was obtained. The results also showed that the slope of the soil surface has a clear effect on the surface runoff rates. The highest value of surface runoff rate of 96.82 cm/hr was obtained when the slope of the soil surface was 0.0%, while at the slope of the soil surface of 6.7%, the highest value of surface runoff rate of 101.53 cm/hr was obtained. According to the simulation results, the surface runoff rate equation created using the Gene Expression Programming model did a great job of predicting the Karbala desert soil surface runoff, with a coefficient of determination R2 equal to 0.8812 for training and 0.8155 for testing.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple and Coherent Noise Removal from X-Profile 2D Seismic Data of Southern Iraq Using Normal Move Out-Frequency Wavenumber Technique 利用正态移动外频波数技术去除伊拉克南部 X 剖面二维地震数据中的多重和相干噪声

Iraqi Geological Journal Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.46717/igj.56.2e.24ms-2023-11-29

Ahmed Al-Rahim, Lamees Abdulkareem

{"title":"Multiple and Coherent Noise Removal from X-Profile 2D Seismic Data of Southern Iraq Using Normal Move Out-Frequency Wavenumber Technique","authors":"Ahmed Al-Rahim, Lamees Abdulkareem","doi":"10.46717/igj.56.2e.24ms-2023-11-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2e.24ms-2023-11-29","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple eliminations (de-multiple) are one of seismic processing steps to remove their effects and delineate the correct primary refractors. Using normal move out to flatten primaries is the way to eliminate multiples through transforming these data to frequency-wavenumber domain. The flatten primaries are aligned with zero axis of the frequency-wavenumber domain and any other reflection types (multiples and random noise) are distributed elsewhere. Dip-filter is applied to pass the aligned data and reject others will separate primaries from multiple after transforming the data back from frequency-wavenumber domain to time-distance domain. For that, a suggested name for this technique as normal move out- frequency-wavenumber domain method for multiple eliminations. The method is tested on a fake reflection event to authorize their validity, and applied to a real field X-profile 2D seismic data from southern Iraq. The results ensure the possibility of internal multiple types existing in the deep reflection data in Iraq and have to remove. So that the interpretation for the true reflectors be valid. The final processed stacked seismic data using normal move out- frequency-wavenumber domain technique shows good, clear, and sharp reflectors in comparison with the conventional normal move out stack data. Open-source Madagascar reproducible package is used for processing all steps of this study and the package is very efficient, accurate, and easy to implement normal move out, frequency-wavenumber domain, Dip-filter programs. The aim of the current study is to separate internal multiples and noise from the real 2D seismic data.","PeriodicalId":14847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Geological Journal","volume":"660 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0