{"title":"The effect of intermediate pressure on the operation of a two-stage reciprocating compressor (general purpose compressor)","authors":"А.V. Моlоsтоv","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125574736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the performance of a combined type collector for solar heating and night radiation cooling","authors":"S. Camara, A. Sulin, V. I. Lysev","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-26-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126229699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Baranov, A. Vasilenok, Е.V. Sokolova, S.D. Chubova, A.M. Ziyavidinov
{"title":"Selection of an alternative cryoagent to cover the thermal load in the WBC systems","authors":"A. Baranov, A. Vasilenok, Е.V. Sokolova, S.D. Chubova, A.M. Ziyavidinov","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-76-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-1-76-82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"74 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130282599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrared heaters for vacuum drying under the pressure close to the one of the triple point of water","authors":"V. Ermolaev, D. Fedorov, A. A. Slavyansky","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2021-20-3-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"When using infrared drying lamps, one of the disadvantages is the uneven heating of the product over the surface of the trays. The uneven heating of the surface is due to the geometric properties of the radiation source. The work is devoted to the modernization of the heat supply system in infrared drying plants. The object of the study was a vacuum drying unit with a cylindrical chamber. To carry out the research, a software was used to simulate an optical heat supply system using various reflectors. The behavior of the rays and their distribution over the surface of the tray with the product is analyzed. The efficiency of using a parabolic research on drying black currant berries with the use of a designed reflector and without it has been carried out. During the experiments, the heating time of the product was established at various points in the tray. Without a reflector, the time for heating a berry in the center to a given temperature was 41 minutes in the center and 66 minutes in the periphery. Installing the reflector provides more uniform heating over the entire surface of the tray. The difference between the heating time in the center and at the periphery of the tray was no more than 15 %, while in the absence of a reflector this value was 60 %. In addition, the total warm-up time was reduced by increasing the heat flux density due to the installation of a reflector. We also measured the mass fraction of moisture in dry berries at various points in the tray. The results indicate that without a reflector, there is some difference in the mass fraction of moisture in dry berries along the width of the tray. Installing a reflector significantly reduces this difference.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127272072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical recuperative drives for stepping movements based on pneumatic cylinders with return springs","authors":"M. V. Zhavner, Yang Chuanchao, Zhao Wen","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-2-22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-2-22-28","url":null,"abstract":"Исследованы мехатронные пружинные приводы с рекуперацией энергии на базе пневматических цилиндров с возвратными пружинами для шаговых перемещений. В пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности мехатронные пружинные приводы применяются в конвейерных линиях и поворотных столах фасовочно-упаковочного оборудования. Исследованы нелинейные пружинные аккумуляторы с выходным поворотным звеном. Построены математические модели пружинного аккумулятора с предварительным натяжением пружины. Проведен сравнительный анализ пружинных аккумуляторов с выходным поворотным звеном с предварительным натяжением пружины с аккумуляторами без предварительного натяжения. Показано, что увеличение предварительного натяжение приводит к увеличению быстродействия при незначительном увеличении размеров. Кроме того, установлено, что увеличение начальной длины пневматического цилиндра с возвратной пружиной также приводит к увеличению быстродействия. Определены максимальные значения моментов инерции поворотных столов, для каждого типоразмера стандартного пневматического цилиндра с возвратной пружиной, которые могут быть перемещены такими мехатронными приводами при заданном времени поворота в пределах до одной секунды. Разработан мехатронный пружинный привод для поворотных столов фасовочно-упаковочного автомата, с использованием двух пневматических цилиндров, один из которых с возвратной пружиной. Второй цилиндр обеспечивает выход поворотного звена из положения неустойчивого положения, в котором находится система во время технологического выстоя. Даны зависимости для определения диссипативных потерь в элементах пружинного аккумулятора, суммарные значения которых определяют затраты энергии двигателя для компенсации диссипативных потерь. Затраты энергии в рассмотренных приводах в несколько раз меньше затрат энергии в приводах другого типа. Ключевые слова: пружинный привод, диссипативные потери, рекуперация энергии, пневматические цилиндры с возвратными пружинами.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121254151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Melnikova, E. Stanislavskaya, V. Didenko, K. U. Baranova
{"title":"The use of buttermilk in fermented milk ice cream technology","authors":"E. Melnikova, E. Stanislavskaya, V. Didenko, K. U. Baranova","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-1-60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-1-60-66","url":null,"abstract":"The full and rational use of by-products of production is one of the important tasks facing the dairy industry in Russia. The aim of the work was to develop buttermilk based fermented milk ice cream. The objects of study were buttermilk obtained from the production of sweet cream butter, fermented buttermilk, and sour milk based on it. The composition and quality indicators of the objects of study were determined by standard methods. To obtain a fermented base for ice cream, buttermilk was fermented with pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Taking into account the quality of the sour milk clot and the dynamics of acid formation, the Profiline YO 22.11 R2 Golden Line starter culture was chosen to obtain fermented buttermilk. The proportion of fermented buttermilk in the ice cream recipe ranged from 30 to 45 %. An increase in the amount of fermented base increased the overrun of ice cream and its resistance to melting. The results of the studies made it possible to develop a fermented milk ice cream formulation involving the use of 40 % fermented buttermilk. The technology for producing sour-milk ice cream consists of a standard sequence of technological operations and is supplemented by the stages of producing fermented buttermilk. The implementation of an improved scheme for the production of sour milk ice cream will increase the share of the use of a by-product of the dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rykov, A. Sverdlov, V. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, E. E. Ustyuzhanin
{"title":"A method for constructing the equation of state of a liquid and gas based on the Migdal phenomenological theory and the Benedek hypothesis","authors":"S. Rykov, A. Sverdlov, V. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, E. E. Ustyuzhanin","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-3-83-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-3-83-90","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed for constructing the fundamental equation of state (FEoS) of a liquid and gas that takes into account the features of a thermodynamic surface in the vicinity of a critical point. The structure of the equation of state is chosen in accordance with the new representation of the scale hypothesis in the form of an expression for the Helmholtz free energy F = F r + F s , where F r is the regular function of density ρ and temperature T; F s = F s (ρ, T, δ, a (x)) is a singular component F that describes in the asymptotic neighborhood of the critical point the behavior of the equilibrium properties of the liquid in accordance with the scale theory (MT) of critical phenomena. Here δ is the critical index of the critical isotherm; a 0 (x) is the large-scale free-energy function of Kudryavtseva – Rykov, which is developed on the basis of Migdal’s phenomenological theory, the Benedek hypothesis, and the Scofield – Lister – Ho linear model; x is a scale variable. When calculating the individual parameters of the Helmholtz free energy scale function a 0 (x), a similarity theory relation is used, which relates the lattice gas and the real fluid. Based on the proposed method, an equation of state for sulfur hexafluoride has been developed, which, in accordance with MT, describes the behavior of equilibrium properties of the SF 6 . A comparison is made of experimental data, data on isochoric heat capacity and isobaric heat capacity, density values p-ρ-T of saturated steam and saturated liquid with the corresponding data calculated on the basis of the developed FEoS o SF 6 .","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Malyshev, O. Malinina, D. E. Kalimjanov, P. Sukhov, K. F. Kuadio
{"title":"Comparative analysis of thermal exchange calculation for refrigerants boiling in channels","authors":"A. Malyshev, O. Malinina, D. E. Kalimjanov, P. Sukhov, K. F. Kuadio","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-1-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2020-19-1-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"Проведен анализ и сопоставление методик расчета теплообмена при кипении хладагентов в горизонтальных трубах, включая традиционные методы для расчета средней теплоотдачи В. Брайна, Г. Квейта, М. Бэйкура, С. Богданова, а также работ, посвященных исследованию локального теплообмена, таких как Локарта — Мартинелли, Д. Хавла, К. Шарма. Было установлено, что при массовой скорости 50 кг/ (с∙м2), рассмотренные методики расчета средней теплоотдачи удовлетворительно согласуются между собой, что объясняется общностью режимов двухфазных потоков при этой скорости. При скорости 150 кг/ (с∙м2) наблюдается существенное расхождение расчетных данных. При этом методика основанная на использовании истинных параметров фаз и прогнозирования режимов течения дает значения коэффициентов теплоотдачи на 30 % выше других уравнений. Это объясняется тем обстоятельством, что приведенные методы расчета средних коэффициентов теплоотдачи получены в основном для расслоенного и снарядного режимов, а при высоких скоростях имеет место кольцевой режим течения, который известными уравнениями, как правило, не учитывался. Подтверждением правомерности использования комплексного метода.основанного на истинных параметрах является хорошая сходимость с опытными данными Х. Юсиды и С. Ямогучи для труб диаметром 6 мм и миниканалов с величиной эквивалентного диаметра 0,5 мм. Ключевые слова: миниканалы, локальный теплообмен, истинные параметры фаз, массовая скорость, коэффициент теплоотдачи, теплообменное аппаратостроение.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127121337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, V. Rykov, D. V. Konjaev
{"title":"Saturated vapor pressure of hydrofluoroolefins","authors":"S. Rykov, I. Kudryavtseva, V. Rykov, D. V. Konjaev","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-76-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-4-76-83","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Zabodalova, E. Suchkova, D. A. Petrov, A. Kritchenkov
{"title":"Development of complex acid and milk drinks for sports food. Part 2","authors":"L. Zabodalova, E. Suchkova, D. A. Petrov, A. Kritchenkov","doi":"10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-3-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17586/1606-4313-2019-18-3-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"Целью работы явилось научное обоснование и разработка состава специализированных кисломолочных напитков для спортсменов. Интерес к продуктам питания для спортсменов неуклонно растет и требуется создание комплексных продуктов, обеспечивающих организм необходимыми нутриентами и биологически активными компонентами, обладающими функциональными свойствами. Рассматривались несколько вариантов состава напитков с ингредиентами, ускоряющими процессы восстановления и повышения работоспособности спортсменов. Подбирались виды заквасочных культур для получения кисломолочной основы, установлены дозы внесения углеводного и минерализующего компонентов и разработаны рецептуры напитков. Определялись органолептические, физико-химические и реологические свойства напитков с применением стандартных и общепринятых методов исследования. Определены сроки годности и условия хранения готового продукта. В процессе исследования были разработаны 2 вида напитков на кисломолочной основе — напиток углеводно-белковый кисломолочный, с использованием мальтодекстрина и кисломолочный напиток с минерализующим компонентом «Регидрон», рассматриваемый в данной работе, для восстановления водно-электролитного равновесия при обезвоживании. Выполнен расчет пищевой и энергетической ценности кисломолочного напитка «Регидрон» и проведена оценка удовлетворения суточной потребности в минеральных веществах и витаминах. Полученные результаты позволяют отнести разработанный напиток к функциональным пищевым продуктам, оказывающим благоприятный эффект на обменные процессы в организме человека. Ключевые слова: специализированные продукты, спортивное питание, мальтодекстрин, водно-солевой баланс, кисломолочный напиток.","PeriodicalId":148431,"journal":{"name":"Journal International Academy of Refrigeration","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128614771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}