Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology最新文献

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The Moderating Role of Child Maltreatment in Treatment Efficacy for Adolescent Depression. 儿童虐待对青少年抑郁症治疗效果的调节作用。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00682-z
Sheree L Toth, Elizabeth D Handley, Jody Todd Manly, Robin Sturm, Tangeria R Adams, Elizabeth M Demeusy, Dante Cicchetti
{"title":"The Moderating Role of Child Maltreatment in Treatment Efficacy for Adolescent Depression.","authors":"Sheree L Toth, Elizabeth D Handley, Jody Todd Manly, Robin Sturm, Tangeria R Adams, Elizabeth M Demeusy, Dante Cicchetti","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00682-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10802-020-00682-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent girls are at heightened risk of depression, and because adolescent depression may initiate a negative developmental cascade, intervention early in adolescence has potential for altering a negative developmental trajectory. Identifying risk factors that impact response to intervention may inform decisions about the type of treatment to provide for adolescent girls with depression. Understanding moderators of outcomes in evidence-based treatment is critical to the delivery of timely and effective interventions. Matching patients effectively with optimal intervention will not only expedite the alleviation of patients' distress, but will also reduce unnecessary time and resources spent on less advantageous interventions. The current investigation examines the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A) in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 120 low-income adolescent girls age 13-15 with and without histories of child maltreatment. Adolescent and parent report of depressive symptoms were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment and a diagnosis of subsyndromal symptoms of depression or depression were required for purposes of inclusion. Results indicated that among adolescent girls who had experienced two or more subtypes of maltreatment, IPT-A was found to be more efficacious than Enhanced Community Standard (ECS) treatment. Importantly, when the subtype of maltreatment experienced was further probed, among girls with a history of sexual abuse, we found preliminary evidence that IPT-A was significantly more effective than ECS in reducing depressive symptoms, and the effect size was large. Thus, if a history of maltreatment is present, especially including sexual abuse, specifically addressing the interpersonal context associated with depressive symptoms may be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484366/pdf/nihms-1613884.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38186730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms, and their Co-Occurrence in Young Adults with and without Childhood ADHD. 问题酒精使用、抑郁症状的异质轨迹及其在有或没有儿童多动症的年轻人中的共现
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00675-y
Frances L Wang, Sarah L Pedersen, Bernie Devlin, Elizabeth M Gnagy, William E Pelham, Brooke S G Molina
{"title":"Heterogeneous Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms, and their Co-Occurrence in Young Adults with and without Childhood ADHD.","authors":"Frances L Wang,&nbsp;Sarah L Pedersen,&nbsp;Bernie Devlin,&nbsp;Elizabeth M Gnagy,&nbsp;William E Pelham,&nbsp;Brooke S G Molina","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00675-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00675-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature is inconsistent regarding whether childhood ADHD confers risk for adulthood problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence. These inconsistencies could be due to meaningful heterogeneity in the adulthood outcomes of children with ADHD that were obscured in traditional group-based analyses. The current study tested this possibility, as well as the contribution of adulthood ADHD symptom persistence, in order to clarify long-term risk in this population. Children diagnosed with ADHD and demographically-similar children without ADHD were followed longitudinally into adulthood and repeatedly assessed on heavy drinking, alcohol problems, and depressive symptoms from ages 21-29 (84.1% White (not Hispanic); 86.9% male; 51.2% childhood ADHD; 14.7% adulthood-persistent ADHD; N = 320). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified six groups with different combinations of trajectories across these variables. Heterogeneous longitudinal outcomes for those with ADHD were found. Some children with ADHD showed increased risk as typically predicted, with a higher likelihood of membership in a group with stable-moderate alcohol outcomes and stable-severe depression (adulthood persistent ADHD also predicted this group), whereas some children with ADHD were more likely to belong to a group with virtually no alcohol outcomes and low depression. Additionally, adulthood persistent ADHD predicted membership in a group with stable-severe alcohol outcomes and stable-moderate depression. Given the severity associated with co-occurring alcohol and depressive disorders, studies of early risk and protective factors and long-term outcomes for these disparate trajectory patterns are needed, particularly for those with childhood and persisting ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00675-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38144815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Subgroups of Childhood ADHD Based on Temperament Traits and Cognition: Concurrent and Predictive Validity. 基于气质特征和认知的儿童ADHD亚组:并发效度和预测效度。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00668-x
Patrick K Goh, Christine A Lee, Michelle M Martel, Sarah L Karalunas, Joel T Nigg
{"title":"Subgroups of Childhood ADHD Based on Temperament Traits and Cognition: Concurrent and Predictive Validity.","authors":"Patrick K Goh,&nbsp;Christine A Lee,&nbsp;Michelle M Martel,&nbsp;Sarah L Karalunas,&nbsp;Joel T Nigg","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00668-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00668-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efforts to parse ADHD's heterogeneity in the DSM system has generally relied on subtypes, or presentations, based on different symptom combinations. Promising recent work has suggested that biologically-relevant and clinically predictive subgroups may be identified via an alternative feature set based on either a) temperament traits or b) executive function measures. Yet, the potential additive ability of these domains for specifying ADHD sub-phenotypes remains unknown. We thus sought to determine whether temperament traits and executive function, together, could facilitate a more nuanced and clinically meaningful subgrouping of children with ADHD. Participants included 828 children aged 7-11 years (62% with ADHD, 38% female). Latent profile and community detection analyses using both temperament and cognitive input features provided support for a primarily temperament-based three-subgroup solution (i.e., \"Mild,\" \"Irritable,\" and \"Surgent\"), although the distinction between Surgent and Mild subgroups may have been better explained as an ADHD symptom severity effect. There was also evidence of a five-subgroup solution, in which cognitive measures differentiated the Surgent subgroup into those with and without cognitive impairment. Cognitive measures also appeared to differentiate the Irritable subgroup based on severity, although differences in resulting subgroups appeared better explained via differences in negative affect and shyness. Subgroups within the five-subgroup solution meaningfully differed with respect to concurrent comorbidity. The utility of the five-subgroup solution for predicting comorbid diagnoses 2 years later was more limited. Additional work is needed to fully characterize the integration of cognitive and affective functioning in ADHD and their overlapping or additive value for clinical prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00668-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38155529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Thinking about Others' Minds: Mental State Inference in Boys with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits. 思考他人的想法:行为问题和冷酷无情特质男孩的心理状态推断。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00664-1
Ruth Roberts, Eamon McCrory, Geoffrey Bird, Molly Sharp, Linda Roberts, Essi Viding
{"title":"Thinking about Others' Minds: Mental State Inference in Boys with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits.","authors":"Ruth Roberts,&nbsp;Eamon McCrory,&nbsp;Geoffrey Bird,&nbsp;Molly Sharp,&nbsp;Linda Roberts,&nbsp;Essi Viding","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00664-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00664-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with conduct problems (CP) and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) have been found to have an intact ability to represent other minds, however, they behave in ways that indicate a reduced propensity to consider other people's thoughts and feelings. Here we report findings from three tasks assessing different aspects of mentalising in 81 boys aged 11-16 [Typically developing (TD) n = 27; CP/HCU n = 28; CP and low levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/LCU) n = 26]. Participants completed the Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), a task assessing ability/propensity to incorporate judgements concerning an individual's mind into mental state inference; provided a written description of a good friend to assess mind-mindedness; and completed the Social Judgement Task (SJT), a new measure assessing mentalising about antisocial actions. Boys with CP/HCU had more difficulty in accurately inferring others' mental states in the MASC than TD and CP/LCU boys. There were no group differences in the number of mind-related comments as assessed by the mind-mindedness protocol or in responses to the SJT task. These findings suggest that although the ability to represent mental states is intact, CP/HCU boys are less likely to update mental state inferences as a function of different minds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00664-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38125244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
"I Am a Total…Loser" - The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression. “我是一个彻头彻尾的……失败者”——诠释偏见在青少年抑郁中的作用。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3
Anca Sfärlea, Christina Buhl, Johanna Loechner, Jakob Neumüller, Laura Asperud Thomsen, Kornelija Starman, Elske Salemink, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Belinda Platt
{"title":"\"I Am a Total…Loser\" - The Role of Interpretation Biases in Youth Depression.","authors":"Anca Sfärlea, Christina Buhl, Johanna Loechner, Jakob Neumüller, Laura Asperud Thomsen, Kornelija Starman, Elske Salemink, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Belinda Platt","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative interpretation biases have been found to characterize adults with depression and to be involved in the development and maintenance of the disorder. However, less is known about their role in youth depression. The present study investigated i) whether negative interpretation biases characterize children and adolescents with depression and ii) to what extent these biases are more pronounced in currently depressed youth compared to youth at risk for depression (as some negative interpretation biases have been found already in high-risk youth before disorder onset). After a negative mood induction interpretation biases were assessed with two experimental tasks: Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST) and Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) in three groups of 9-14-year-olds: children and adolescents with a diagnosis of major depression (n = 32), children and adolescents with a high risk for depression (children of depressed parents; n = 48), as well as low-risk children and adolescents (n = 42). Depressed youth exhibited substantially more negative interpretation biases than both high-risk and low-risk groups (as assessed with both tasks), while the high-risk group showed more negative interpretation biases than the low-risk group only as assessed via the SST. The results indicate that the negative interpretation biases that are to some extent already present in high-risk populations before disorder onset are strongly amplified in currently depressed youth. The different findings for the two tasks suggest that more implicit interpretation biases (assessed with the SST) might represent cognitive vulnerabilities for depression whereas more explicit interpretation biases (assessed with the AST) may arise as a consequence of depressive symptomatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00670-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38143420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Sustained Attention and Individual Differences in Adolescents' Mood and Physiological Reactivity to Stress. 青少年情绪和应激生理反应的持续注意和个体差异。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00679-8
Cope Feurer, Kiera M James, Claire E Foster, Brandon E Gibb
{"title":"Sustained Attention and Individual Differences in Adolescents' Mood and Physiological Reactivity to Stress.","authors":"Cope Feurer,&nbsp;Kiera M James,&nbsp;Claire E Foster,&nbsp;Brandon E Gibb","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00679-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00679-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biased attention to sad faces is associated with depression in adults and is hypothesized to increase depression risk specifically in the presence, but not absence, of stress by modulating stress reactivity. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis, and no studies have examined the relation between attentional biases and stress reactivity during adolescence, despite evidence that this developmental window is marked by changes in depression risk, stress, and the function of attention. Seeking to address these limitations, the current study examined the impact of adolescents' sustained attention to facial displays of emotion on individual differences in both mood reactivity to real-world stress and physiological (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) reactivity to a laboratory-based stressor. Consistent with vulnerability-stress models of attention, greater sustained attention to sad faces was associated with greater depressive reactions to real-world stress. In addition, there was preliminary evidence from exploratory analyses that the impact of sustained attention on mood and/or physiological reactivity may be moderated by adolescents' age and sex such that relations are stronger for older adolescents and girls. The results of this study contribute to the current body of research on the role of attention in stress reactivity and depression risk and highlight the importance of considering age differences when examining these relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00679-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38162481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Role of Paternal Accommodation of Paediatric OCD Symptoms: Patterns and Implications for Treatment Outcomes. 父亲迁就儿童强迫症症状的作用:模式和对治疗结果的影响
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00678-9
Benedetta Monzani, Pablo Vidal-Ribas, Cynthia Turner, Georgina Krebs, Caroline Stokes, Isobel Heyman, David Mataix-Cols, Argyris Stringaris
{"title":"The Role of Paternal Accommodation of Paediatric OCD Symptoms: Patterns and Implications for Treatment Outcomes.","authors":"Benedetta Monzani,&nbsp;Pablo Vidal-Ribas,&nbsp;Cynthia Turner,&nbsp;Georgina Krebs,&nbsp;Caroline Stokes,&nbsp;Isobel Heyman,&nbsp;David Mataix-Cols,&nbsp;Argyris Stringaris","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00678-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00678-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family accommodation (FA) refers to the participation of family members in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals. Most studies have focused on maternal accommodation; consequently, little is known about fathers' accommodation of OCD. The current study aims to extend the existing literature by examining maternal versus paternal accommodation of OCD symptoms.The sample consisted of 209 children with OCD (Mean [M] age = 14.1 years) and their parents (N<sub>Mothers</sub> = 209, N<sub>Fathers</sub> = 209) who had completed the Family Accommodation Scale- Parent Report (FAS-PR). Paired t-test and chi-square analyses were used to compare FA of OCD symptoms between mothers and fathers. Linear regression was used to examine correlates of maternal and paternal FA and its impact on treatment outcomes.Mothers reported significantly higher levels of daily FA than fathers. Correlates of maternal and paternal accommodation included OCD symptom severity, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and parent psychopathology. Both maternal and paternal FA significantly predicted worse treatment outcomes.Both mothers and fathers accommodate child OCD symptoms with high frequency, and in similar ways. Although mothers accommodate to a greater extent than fathers, both maternal and paternal involvement in rituals are a significant predictor of the child's treatment response. Results emphasise the need to consider the whole family system, including fathers, in understanding and treating OCD in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00678-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38175535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
An Item-Based Analysis of PTSD Emotional Numbing Symptoms in Disaster-Exposed Children and Adolescents. 灾害暴露儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍情绪麻木症状的项目分析
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00677-w
Gen Li, Li Wang, Chengqi Cao, Ruojiao Fang, Chen Chen, Xue Qiao, Haibo Yang, Brian J Hall, Jon D Elhai
{"title":"An Item-Based Analysis of PTSD Emotional Numbing Symptoms in Disaster-Exposed Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Gen Li,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Chengqi Cao,&nbsp;Ruojiao Fang,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Xue Qiao,&nbsp;Haibo Yang,&nbsp;Brian J Hall,&nbsp;Jon D Elhai","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00677-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00677-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to investigate the roles of numbing of positive and negative emotions in PTSD symptomology and related functional impairments. 14,465 Chinese children and adolescents who personally experienced the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (in Sichuan province, China) took part in the study. Emotional numbing and other PTSD symptoms were assessed by the University of California-Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index for Children. Functional impairment was measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Item response theory (IRT) analysis showed that both numbing of positive and negative emotions demonstrated acceptable item response characteristics; numbing of positive emotions had better discrimination. Group comparisons revealed that participants who reported numbing of both positive and negative emotions had the highest risk of developing PTSD, most severe PTSD symptoms and functional impairments, with large effect sizes when compared with participants with no emotional numbing symptoms. Reporting only numbing of positive emotions had moderate effects, and reporting only numbing of negative emotions had smaller effects. The results revealed associations between emotional numbing patterns, posttraumatic stress symptoms and impairments in quality of life, and suggests that additional research is needed to explore generalized emotional numbing in children and adolescents in future PTSD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00677-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38175536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy. 行为障碍女性青少年共情准确性及行为障碍与共情关系的性别差异。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00659-y
N A Martin-Key, G Allison, G Fairchild
{"title":"Empathic Accuracy in Female Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Empathy.","authors":"N A Martin-Key,&nbsp;G Allison,&nbsp;G Fairchild","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00659-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00659-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on empathy in youth with Conduct Disorder (CD) has primarily focused on males, with the few studies that have investigated empathy in females relying on questionnaire measures. Our primary aim was to investigate whether females with CD show empathy deficits when using a more ecologically-valid task. We used an empathic accuracy (EA) paradigm that involved watching videos of actors recalling emotional experiences and providing continuous ratings of emotional intensity (assessing EA), naming the emotion expressed (emotion recognition), and reporting whether they shared the emotion expressed (affective empathy). We compared 23 females with CD and 29 typically-developing (TD) adolescents aged 13-18 years. The CD sample was divided into subgroups with higher (CD/CU+) versus lower (CD/CU-) levels of callous-unemotional traits. Females with CD did not differ from TD females in EA or emotion recognition but exhibited reduced affective empathy responses (ps < 0.01, rs ≥ 0.39). The CD/CU+ and CD/CU- subgroups did not differ on any empathy measure. We also assessed for sex differences in CD-empathy associations by comparing the present data with archive data from males. CD adolescents exhibited impairments in EA relative to their TD counterparts overall (p < 0.05, ηp<sup>2</sup> = 0.06), but there was no sex-by-diagnosis interaction. While females with CD were only impaired in affective empathy, males with CD exhibited emotion recognition and affective empathy deficits. This study demonstrates that females with CD show relatively specific impairments in affective empathy on an ecologically-valid task, whereas males with CD display more global empathic difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00659-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38001256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Neurocognitive Correlates of Rumination Risk in Children: Comparing Competing Model Predictions in a Clinically Heterogeneous Sample. 儿童反刍风险的神经认知相关因素:在临床异质性样本中比较竞争模型预测。
IF 3.6
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00661-4
Sherelle L Harmon, Janet A Kistner, Michael J Kofler
{"title":"Neurocognitive Correlates of Rumination Risk in Children: Comparing Competing Model Predictions in a Clinically Heterogeneous Sample.","authors":"Sherelle L Harmon,&nbsp;Janet A Kistner,&nbsp;Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1007/s10802-020-00661-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00661-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined associations between rumination and executive function difficulties in preadolescent youth, using predictions outlined in the attentional scope and multiple systems models of rumination. This study aimed to (a) extend current conceptual models of rumination to youth, (b) clarify disparate model predictions regarding working memory updating (\"updating\"), inhibition, and shifting abilities, and (c) examine differential neurocognitive predictions between two forms of rumination, sadness and anger. One hundred and fifty-nine youths oversampled for ADHD and other forms of child psychopathology associated with executive dysfunction (aged 8-13; 53.5% male; 59.1% Caucasian) completed a battery of assessments, including self-report measures of rumination and computerized neurocognitive tasks. Multiple regression analyses were conducted assessing relations between rumination and each executive function, controlling for both sadness and anger rumination to assess their unique associations. Sadness rumination was associated with poorer updating (β = -0.18, p = 0.046) and shifting abilities (β = 0.20, p = 0.03) but not inhibition (β = -0.04, p = 0.62), offering partial support to the attentional scope and multiple systems models. In contrast, anger rumination was associated with better updating abilities (β = 0.20, p = 0.03) but not shifting (β = -0.15, p = 0.11) or inhibition (β = 0.08, p = 0.35). Together, these results suggest (a) developmental differences in the neurocognitive correlates associated with rumination risk in youth compared to findings from the adult literature, and (b) that the executive function correlates of children's responses to negative emotions are affect-specific, such that sadness rumination is associated with difficulties replacing negative thoughts and shifting between mental sets, while anger rumination is associated with a better ability to maintain negative thoughts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10802-020-00661-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38065115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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