The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Current Climate Change Trends in the Ural River Basin","authors":"Z. Sivokhip, V. M. Pavleychik","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.106","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the transformation of main climate parameters (surface layer temperature and precipitation) in the Ural River basin at the current level. The study is relevant due to the location of a greater portion of the Ural River basin area within arid and water-deficient regions. Conclusions about the regional climate change in the studied basin are formulated on the basis of standard methods of statistical data analysis. Statistically significant linear trend coefficients illustrate a steady increase in the average annual air temperature in the Ural River basin. The trend component (R2) varies from 12 % (Kuvandyk) to 25–26 % (Aydyrlya, Belyaevka) and 36–42 % (Bredy, Uralsk, Orenburg, Atyrau). The largest contribution to the growth of average annual temperatures is made by the first three months of the calendar year (January-March) and the autumn months (October-November). The long-term precipitation amounts show no directional and statistically significant trends. In annual terms, a statistically significant increase in precipitation was found only in the western part of the Ural River basin (MS Ilek – 10 mm per 10 years; Sharlyk – 13 mm per10 years) and in adjacent areas (MS Buzuluk – 18 mm per 10 years). The key macro-regional trend in changing the precipitation regime is an increase in the proportion of the cold period precipitation. Within the studied basin, a steady trend of seasonal precipitation redistribution was recorded for all sectors of the catchment area, except for the lower reaches of the Ural River. In conclusion, the identified trends in the regional climate transformation indicate that these changes reflect changes in climatic conditions on a larger scale.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Urban Cemeteries","authors":"E. Potapova, A. Makarov, M. Thea","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2023.44.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2023.44.107","url":null,"abstract":"Cemeteries in the Russian Federation are special purpose green areas that affect human habitat and health and, according to legislation, must be separated by gaps of a specified width and structure from residential development, landscape and recreational areas and other areas. In many countries of the world, burial sites are traditionally covered to some extent by vegetation, which is preserved for many decades and is under state protection. Research on the placement and maintenance of cemeteries is quite relevant, as their number on the territories of large settlements, is large and increases every year, and their occupied areas to tens of hectares, features of the structure, are of interest to various sciences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the location of cemeteries and the structure of their sanitary breaks in some cities of the world and Russia. As a method of research, it is proposed to use descriptions of remote sensing data in the form of special forms-tables on the sides of the world with the allocation of 10 types of elements – residential and administrative buildings, roads and railways, educational institutions and water bodies, car parks and other structures, areas occupied by plantations and bare soil. When studying the adjacent territories to cemeteries in the USA, Germany, France, Russia and other countries (more than 50 objects were studied in total, information about 8 is presented in the article), the predominance of roads of various coverage (from 10 to 59%) was noted, on Mount Olivet, Meudon and Saint Mary's are educational institutions. A considerable share is occupied by residential (marked within the boundaries of five out of eight cemeteries) and administrative buildings, which are present on the territory of sanitary gaps of all cemeteries. There is no special protective landscaping.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative Economy and Creative Geography: Methodological Approaches and Practice","authors":"T. Zabortceva, A. V. Balyazina","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.29.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133402514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methodology of Mapping the Transformation of Geosystems","authors":"T. Konovalova","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.56","url":null,"abstract":"Mapping of geosystems attracts attention as a concise way to organize a significant amount of geographical information. Initially, the development of theoretical provisions and the compilation of geosystem maps were based on geobotanical principles and methods of integrating facies according to structural and structural-dynamic indicators. At the present stage, the task of mapping geosystems is largely determined by the need for predictive studies of their natural and anthropogenic transformations. The relevance of the development of geosystem mapping in the direction described here is determined by the need to create medium-scale maps of the transformation of geosystems, which are characterized by significant spatial and temporal scales, heterogeneous genesis, various stages of development. The creation of such maps requires the synthesis of time and space in a single whole, the comparison of the current state of the geosystem with the natural rhythms and laws of the development of the natural environment. The mapping methodology is based on the modern idea of the transformation of geosystems and the further development of the theory of geosystems by V. B. Sochava, includes techniques for displaying patterns of development and transformation of geosystem structures. Maps of the transformation of geosystems are a theoretical model of reality, synthesize information about the transformative dynamics and evolution of geosystems, the direction of their rearrangements,both in natural and anthropogenic conditions. The article presents a scheme of transformation of geosystems and methods of its mapping.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"185 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124914427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Sensitivity and Ability to Self-Restoration of the Perturbal Animals of the Central Ecological Zone of Baikal in the Conditions of Recreational Exposure","authors":"V. Prelovskiy","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regularities of Vertical Propagation Mammals of the Mountain Massive Munku-Sardyk","authors":"F. A. Danilov, V. Prelovskiy","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.28","url":null,"abstract":"The Munku-Sardyk mountain range is an important link in the Eastern Sayan mountain system, performing a barrier and refugial role for various mammalian species, in the transition zone between the Central Asian steppe and the Siberian taiga. Thus, the southern steppe slopes are the northern limit in the distribution of the Tuvan and Mongolian voles, Tarbagan marmot, tolai hare, mountain weasel and manul. For the Altai mole, brown bear, sable, Siberian musk deer, reindeer and elk, the southern border of their distribution lies in the forest zone of the Khubsugul region. The paper presents the basic information about the features of the vertical distribution of mammals on the southern and northern slopes of the massif. The complex structure of the vertical zonation of the mountain range and the harsh habitat conditions are of paramount importance in the distribution and number of mammals inhabiting it. The species composition of communities in five high-altitude belts is presented: forest-steppe, mountain- taiga, subalpine, alpine and nival. A comparative analysis of the degree of similarity of mammalian communities, depending on the altitudinal zonality and exposure of the slope, using the Jaccard coefficient, based on the analysis of qualitative data, has been carried out. A high degree of similarity of the lower belt with the higher one was revealed on both slopes of the mountain range. The highest degree of similarity between the mountain-taiga and subalpine belts was noted, and the lowest degree was observed in the forest-steppe and nival belts that were separated from each other. The low species diversity in the nival belt is associated with the harsh habitat conditions associated with the absence of protective feeding stations and mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia in most mammals living in the lower part. When comparing the community of mammalian faunas between the belts of the southern and northern slopes, a high similarity of mountain-taiga belts and a decrease in the proportion of common species with height were noted. The obtained information eliminates the existing gaps in the territory poorly studied in the zoogeographic plan and makes it possible to form a unified environmental policy in the transboundary region.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition of Soil of Piedmont Dry Steppes of the Olkhon Island","authors":"V. Pellinen, S. I. Shtel’makh, T. Cherkashina","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.27.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.27.90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Characteristics of Brines and Modern Evaporites in the Taloe Lake Tract (Republic of Khakassia)","authors":"M. O. Khrushcheva, P. Tishin, A. I. Chernyshov","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2019.30.130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128516056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Transformations of Geosystems of the Western Macroslope of the Barguzin Ridge","authors":"Z. O. Litvintseva","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.38.88","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are one of the most important environmental factors affecting the environment. Due to climate change and the increasing frequency of forest fires, studies of the consequences of forest fires and the processes of restoration of disturbed geosystems are relevant. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the frequency of fires on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia as a whole, and the western macro slope of the Barguzin ridge in particular. The situation is aggravated by the fact that a significant part of the fires occur in hardto- reach areas of the ridge, which complicates their elimination. The paper presents the results of observations (2015-2020 years) on the impact of forest fires on the taiga geosystems of the western macroslope of the Barguzin ridge. The features of post-fire restoration of geosystems are considered. The natural restoration of forests depends on the nature of the forest growing conditions and the ecological characteristics of the stands. Restoration of dark coniferous-taiga geosystems, including relict ones, after intense fires has not been revealed, since forest growing conditions are changing. The relevance of the research is also related to the fact that the western macroslope of the Barguzin Ridge is located within the Baikal Natural Territory (BPT), where protected areas are located and it is not uncommon for fires to disrupt relict geosystems that are under protection.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122094344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Territorial System of Higher and Secondary Vocational Education of the Irkutsk Region","authors":"Y. Zelenyuk, S. Salatin","doi":"10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.42","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the features of the spatial development of the system of higher and secondary vocational education in the Irkutsk region. Two key stages are analyzed: the Soviet one, which formed the main frame of the territorial structure of vocational education, and the modern one, which saw periods of both the rapid growth of the number of higher educational institutions and the optimization of the higher education network. The results of the study show that the spatial development of the systems of higher and secondary vocational education in recent years in the Irkutsk region is multi-directional: centripetal movement in the top-level subsystem, due to the reduction in the network of branches in municipal centers, and the gradual dispersal of the network of secondary education institutions at the expense of agricultural and industrial regions of the region. A comparative analysis of the trends in the development of vocational education in the Irkutsk region with the national and situation in other regions allows us to note that in the higher education system they are almost identical, since they occur as a result of structural and institutional transformations at the state level. For the Irkutsk region, as well as other regions of Russia with a predominantly industrial type of economy, growth trends are characteristic, caused by the needs of the market.","PeriodicalId":147615,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127875064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}