{"title":"Advances in identifying and tracking malicious contamination of food in agri-food supply chains","authors":"M. Marmiroli, Jason C. White","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.07","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is about the history of bio-warfare, and how biological and bio-chemical weapons were developed during the two World Wars and afterwards. There are examples of attacks to the food chain of entire communities with biochemical weapons by either single individuals or groups, and attacks to single persons who are politically active with newly developed chemical agents. There are also example of attacks to agriculture, so-called agro-terrorism. All these impairment of the food chain have a terroristic base and manage to diminish consumer trust in the health of food and in the efficacy of the food chain control, costing billions of United States (US) dollars to the sector as a result. The final part of the chapter is dedicated to the use of biosensors and how through their deployment agencies have been able to protect communities from disruptive events, such as bioterrorism, should they occur in any part of the food chain.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123137957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart post-harvest technology to maintain quality and safety in fresh produce supply chains","authors":"J. Monaghan","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter the main challenges for the postharvest management of fresh produce are summarised. Key areas where the use of new smart technologies can improve crop management are explored, starting with how environmental sensors can be integrated into internet of things (IoT) systems with potential for use in the fresh produce supply chain. The next section summarises how the implementation of low oxygen storage environments is being refined through the use of dynamic controlled atmosphere systems incorporating sensor technologies. Modified atmosphere packaging and the developing field of active and intelligent packaging for fresh produce is then discussed. The chapter ends with future options for how smart technologies may develop in this sector.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134480591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in identifying GM plants: current frame of the detection of transgenic GMOs","authors":"Y. Bertheau","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.04","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenic GMOs were welcomed in the 1990s due to the difficulties distinguishing genetic and epigenetic modifications from random mutagenesis and their ability to insert new nucleic sequences more rapidly but still randomly. Their marketing in Europe has been accompanied by health and environmental risk assessments, specific monitoring and traceability procedures to preserve the free choice of consumers and allow the coexistence of different supply chains. This chapter reviews the regulations, detection techniques, strategies and standards that have been put in place in the European Union since 1996 to ensure the analytical traceability of these GMOs. The capacity of the matrix approach, initially targeted at transgenic GMOs, to trace other types of GMOs is discussed in an accompanying chapter.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drivers of farmers’ usage of digital marketplace platform: evidence from India","authors":"A. Agnihotri, S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.20","url":null,"abstract":"Online trading by farmers is a critical component of the agricultural supply chain. Perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness of a digital marketplace enhances trust and then farmers’ intention to use that digital marketplace. This study, by leveraging a mediation model, explores the usage drivers of digital marketplaces by farmers in India. Indeed, farmers' intrinsic propensity to trust generally is a moderator of the relationship between trust and intention to use a digital marketplace. We assert the relationship between (a) perceived ease-of-use of technology and trust and (b) perceived usefulness and trust is moderated by perceived self-efficacy by farmers and the digital marketplace platform provider’s reputation who is offering the digital marketplace service. This study contributes to the field of smart agri-food supply chain literature, by exploring willingness of Indian farmers to trade their produce on digital market places and potential factors of influence.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129916215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foodomics: Advances in product testing in agri-food supply chains","authors":"L. Manning","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.06","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is written to describe the concept of product testing in agri-food supply chains and the methods that are being developed to identify instances of product non-conformance with either regulatory requirements, market requirements or both. The emergence of a range of new technologies provides opportunity to build on existing product testing protocols and offer complementary alternative and rapid testing of food which can provide assurance that food products are consistently what they are purported to be. Microbiological contamination will not be considered in this chapter. Effective and targeted product testing also acts as a potential deterrent against food safety incidents and food fraud. The chapter also introduces the term “foodomics” and what this means in terms of smart agri-food supply chains.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126244609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sampling and statistics in assessment of fresh produce","authors":"K. B. Walsh, V. Mcglone, M. Wohlers","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.09","url":null,"abstract":"New measurement technologies are facilitating new approaches to the improvement of safety and quality in agri-food supply chains. However, measurement uncertainty and choice of sampling strategy can influence the outcomes of assessment programmes. This chapter provides a sampler of calculations of population statistics, required sample sizes and approaches to developing and implementing a sampling strategy. While examples from the fresh produce sector are given, the sampler is of relevance to both the student and the practitioner operating in agri-supply chains more generally.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114489300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of Internet of Things (IoT) to improve transparency in agri-food supply chains","authors":"Rounaq Nayak","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.17","url":null,"abstract":"Global food production needs to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 to ensure food security and feed the global population which is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. To achieve these objectives in a sustainable manner, there is a need for modernisation and intensification of agricultural practices. There is also an increasing demand for proving sustainability within supply chains with research showing a direct correlation between transparency and consumer trust in agri-food products. This chapter starts out by detailing the impact and need for a globalised food system. It then progresses to discuss existing applications of Internet of Things (IoT) systems and the potential of future IoT systems in helping achieve these targets. The chapter also briefly touches upon the potential for combining Blockchain Technology and IoT systems in helping improve transparency and accountability within agri-food supply chains.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129913448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in techniques for identifying and tracking foreign bodies in agri-food supply chains","authors":"I. Djekić","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.15","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign bodies in food can occur at any stage in the agri-food supply chain continuum, and they are recognised as the main single source of customer complaints. From a food safety perspective, these physical contaminants can cause adverse health effects, so food companies strive to have effective control measures in place to prevent their occurrence. One of proposed solutions is instalment of various detection systems focused on discovering different types of foreign bodies in food. This chapter provides an overview of a variety of techniques applicable in food industry, from being fully operative to various lab-scale techniques proposed by some researchers. As part of this analysis, limitations of different detection systems have also been discussed. Finally, the requirements for validating control measures as part of a functional food safety management system have been considered.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123562581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs","authors":"Y. Bertheau","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.22","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125193733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key challenges and developments in non-targeted methods or systems to identify food adulteration","authors":"S. Erasmus, S. V. van Ruth","doi":"10.19103/as.2021.0097.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.19","url":null,"abstract":"Food fraud is an ongoing global challenge that is amplified by the complexity of supply chain networks and fraudsters becoming more innovative in the way they commit fraud. There is a great need for rapid analytical tools that offer broad product screening. Non-targeted methods provide an approach by which a food matrix can be analysed and screened for adulterations. While various developments exist for rapid non-targeted approaches, there are still multiple challenges to overcome. More work is required to validate, harmonise and standardise non-targeted methods and the associated data interpretations. Promising advances include novel technological developments with devices becoming smaller and portable with increased sensitivity. It is undoubtedly that fingerprinting approaches generate huge datasets that need to be stored and utilised as effectively as possible; creating new opportunities for Big data analysis and the Internet of Things – both addressing the need to convert data into insights to act upon.","PeriodicalId":147549,"journal":{"name":"Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117084884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}