Water Conservation & Management最新文献

{"title":"OPTIMIZING THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF CHROMIUM FROM TANNING PLANT EFFLUENT BY ADSORPTION METHOD WITH ACTIVATED CARBON CHAT STEMS (CATHA EDULIS) USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY","authors":"T. Bullo, Yigezu Mekonnen Bayisa","doi":"10.26480/wcm.01.2022.15.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.15.21","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high-water consumption of tanning plants, which produce many pollutants such as wastewater and heavy metals (chromium) as by-products enter the water bodies and pollute or harm the environment. This study investigated the removal of hexavalent chromium (VI) from wastewater using activated carbon Chat-Stem. Adsorption is a common treatment method using activated carbon because these heavy metals can be removed inexpensively, profitably, and efficiently. The approximate analysis of the moisture content of the chat stem is 6%, ash content of activated carbon is 17.35%, the volatile matter is 20.12%, fixed carbon content is 56.53%, and the bulk density of activated carbon is 0.392 g/cm3 at 360 ° C, which is in good agreement with the standard quality of activated carbon. As the process parameters changed, the increase of chromium removal efficiency was from 62.5% to 97.03%. The Maximum conditions of chromium removal efficiency were observed at the adsorbent dosage of 30 g/L, at pH of 4, and contact time at 180 minutes using the activated carbon chat stem to remove Cr from wastewater was found to be 97.03% with the desirability of 1 and the corresponding chromium removal efficiency optimized to 97.50%. The selected optimal conditions at the adsorbent dosage of 29.155 g/ml, at a PH of 3.32, and contact time of 174.651 min increasing the chromium removal efficiency to 97.83% with desirability 1 at Run 1. The surface of the chat stem before and after adsorption was characterized by FTIR. For short contact times, Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption isotherms were 0.9839 and 0.9995, respectively","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129919280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF ERA5 AND IMERG PRECIPITATION DATA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF WATER CYCLE VARIABLES OF A LARGE RIVER BASIN IN SOUTH ASIA USING SATELLITE DATA AND ARCHIMEDEAN COPULAS","authors":"S. Barma, S. B. Uttarwar, Prathamesh Barane, N. Bhat, A. Mahesha","doi":"10.26480/wcm.01.2022.61.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.61.69","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation as a major water cycle variable influences the occurrences and distribution of terrestrial water storage change (TWSC), evapotranspiration (ET), and river discharge (Q) of a large river basin. However, its relationship with the other water cycle variables using probabilistic dependence structure concept has not been addressed much. Furthermore, precipitation derived from gauge record is plagued by bias due to orography and under-catch. To fill these gaps, bivariate copula and precipitation derived from reanalysis and satellite data were used. In the present study, the basin-wide averages of the precipitation products APHRODITE, ERA5, and IMERG were used as predictors, whereas the areal mean of MOD16 evapotranspiration, GRACE TWSC, and gauge discharge were used as dependent variables (predictants) for the Brahmaputra basin. The bivariate Archimedean copulas were applied to all the pairs of precipitation-TWSC, precipitation-ET and precipitation-Q based on the optimal marginal distributions obtained. Using the best copula for each pair of the variables, the conditional probability was constructed to predict the predictants for different precipitation amounts (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles). The focus of the analysis was on two scenarios of the predictants (i.e.,≤ 5th and ≥ 95th percentiles). The non-exceedance conditional distribution of TWSC, ET, and Q (all predictants ≤ 5th percentile) decreases with precipitation increase. However, the exceedance probability of the predictants (≥ 95th percentile) increases gradually with an increase in precipitation. The results revealed that both ERA5 and IMERG precipitation data could be used to derive probabilistic measures of the water cycle variables in the absence of gauge-based precipitation.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFYING EROSION HOT SPOT AREAS AND EVALUATION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE TOBA WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA","authors":"Wakjira Takala Dibaba, Dessalegn Geleta Ebsa","doi":"10.26480/wcm.01.2022.30.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.30.38","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopian highlands have been increasingly exposed to the risk of soil erosion and evaluations of how various management practices can reduce the risk of soil erosion are still limited. Here, the calibrated and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to estimate soil loss rates, identify erosion hotspot areas and evaluate effective best management practices (BMP) to curb the risk of soil erosion. The annual sediment yield (SY) in Toba watershed varies from 0.09 t ha-1 yr-1 to 44.8 t ha-1 yr-1 with an average SY of 22.7 t ha-1 yr-1. Cultivated lands on steep slopes are the sources of extensive soil loss rate, whereas areas with good vegetation cover have low SY. The increased population pressure, increased cultivation of steep slope and uncontrolled grazing are the causes of high SY in the watershed. 17 sub-basins with SY higher than the tolerable erosion of Ethiopia (2-18 t ha-1 yr-1) are considered for the application of BMP scenarios. Implementing all BMPs could reduce the extent of SY but with varying degrees and combination of the BMPs are more pronounced and desirable. Reforestation with vegetative strips was the most effective management (87.8% reduction) followed by soil/stone bund with vegetative strips (83.7% reduction). These findings are important to ensure sustainable land management and promote sustainable agricultural production in a rapidly changing agricultural watershed. In general, the result highlights the need for regional developments and cooperation to urge for strong BMPs strategies for the rapid land and water resources degradation.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128455529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF THE CENOMANIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM AT SITES OF PRODUCED WATER PUMPING AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE WEST SALYM OILFIELD IN WEST SIBERIA","authors":"Yuri V. Kravtsov, R. A. Babaev, M. Kadyrov, Y. V. Vaganov, Oscar A. Tugushev, D. Drugov, R. Abdrashitova","doi":"10.26480/wcm.02.2022.70.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.70.75","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with one of the highly relevant problems arising from disposal of produced waters in West-Siberian oilfields. Produced waters are those co-recovered with oil. The water-cut factor (for oil) is well-known to reach 90% in West Siberia. This has led to widespread events for disposal of produced waters. Improving the procedures for prediction calculations of admissible quantity and quality of disposed waters is a topical problem in petroleum hydrogeology in West Siberia. This study reports a leak-off coefficient estimation for the Cenomanian deposits (the target ones for disposal of produced waters in most of oilfields across the region) of the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin. The calculation procedure widely used at present for a homogeneous confined aquifer does not reflect the true natural picture, as the aquifer into which the produced water is pumped is multilayered and heterogeneous. Here we look into natural processes for the formation of the West-Siberian megabasin, which have resulted in heterogeneous reservoirs: uncompensated sediment accumulation and present vertical fluid migration channels. Here we show that the gross thickness of the aquifer should be employed in leak-off and hydrodynamic estimations, and adduce the leak-off coefficient estimations for five oil wells in the West Salym oilfield based on the procedure suggested herein (factoring in the multilayered nature of the Cenomanian deposits). The average leak-off coefficient of sand streaks was 0.298 m/day, which we believe to reflect the natural condition of the aquifer more adequately than the standard estimation procedure used for a homogeneous confined aquifer.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIGHLIGHTS OF OIL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND RISE OF OIL-ABSORBING MATERIALS IN OCEAN CLEANING STRATEGY","authors":"X. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, V. Pham, D. Vo","doi":"10.26480/wcm.01.2022.06.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.06.14","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the problem of oil pollution is becoming a big challenge for the environment. Oil pollution threatens the survival of life on land as well as aquatic life. Aware of the seriousness of oil pollution, there have been many scientific studies on solutions to oil spill treatment. The methods can be mentioned as mechanical treatment, microbiological treatment, chemical treatment, absorbent material treatment. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In this short review, recent research activities related to the selection of oil-absorbing absorbents and their application in oil absorption are presented. Then, an extensive list of different oil-absorbing materials from the literature, including polymeric materials, porous inorganic materials, and biomass materials, was provided along with their characteristics. Furthermore, the oil adsorption capacity of such materials for different oils and organic solvents has also been discussed to highlight different factors involved in the selection of adsorbent adsorbents. Oil has been tested to separate oil in oil-water mixtures. Finally, some future trends and prospects for oil-absorbing materials are outlined.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TREATMENT OF CETP WASTEWATER USING SBR AND SBR-IFAS PROCESS","authors":"Sharon Sudhakar, Nandini Moondra, R. Christian","doi":"10.26480/wcm.01.2022.51.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.01.2022.51.54","url":null,"abstract":"The wastewater generated from industries needs to be treated before discharge but ETPs are not affordable and hence the common effluent treatment plant was provided for collectively treating wastewater from various industries. The existing treatment methods used for such wastewater are costly and hence the present study focusses on using biological method for treating pre-treated mixed industrial wastewater from CETP using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with suspended biomass and an SBR-IFAS, a combined suspended and attached growth process at an HRT of 10 hours. After treatment with SBR technology, the maximum COD removal efficiency obtained was 68.69% at an MLSS concentration of 2756 mg/L. Similarly, for the SBR-IFAS reactor, the COD removal efficiency reached 75.51% at an MLSS concentration of 2846 mg/L. MLVSS obtained was 1395.00 mg/L in SBR and 1433.00 mg/L in SBR-IFAS. Chromium removal reached 62.85% and 66.67% in SBR and SBR-IFAS reactors, respectively. The study revealed that the attached growth media and suspended growth media combinedly resulted in a higher reduction in industrial wastewater treatment and can ultimately help reduce the volume of the secondary treatment at CETP by increasing the footprint of the treatment plant.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Conservation Initiative in a Public School from Tropical Country:  Performance and Sustainability Assessments","authors":"S. Praveena, Sri Themudu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-319748/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-319748/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Malaysia is a tropical country that gets high rainfall throughout the year that can be utilized for various activities including water conservation. Water conservation initiatives in Malaysia are mainly concentrated in commercial and residential buildings but public buildings such as schools have been underutilized. Thus, this study aims to conduct a water conservation initiative in a primary school in Malacca (Malaysia). Water audit were conducted to identify the highest water usage location and the most suitable water conservation method in a school setting. Lastly, the sustainability performance of the rainwater harvesting system was evaluated via the Sustainable Development Analytical Grid (SDAG) assessment tool. Water footprint findings demonstrated that approximately 60% of total water use was due to toilet use. The rainwater harvesting system was selected as this method enables the use of a renewable source (rainwater) and it conveniently fit with the existing building rooftop and plumbing system to engender high sustainability potential and collaboration opportunities. After several months of operation, environmental, social, and economic benefits were observed. Sustainable assessment has indicated that all the six dimensions were well balanced with scores greater than 50% and continued improvements will increase the project’s sustainability in the future. This study approach is generalizable to any school worldwide with a similar water footprint as a water restoration at both local and global contexts to achieve United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116543019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR PRODUCED WATER MANAGEMENT AT THE KAMENNY SUBSURFACE PETROLEUM SITE IN WEST SIBERIA","authors":"R. Abdrashitova, Y. Salnikova, Y. V. Vaganov, M. Kadyrov, A. Ponomarev, D. Drugov, O. Tugushev","doi":"10.26480/wcm.02.2022.115.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.115.136","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess the safety in use of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian aquifer system within the Kamenny subsurface site, located in the West-Siberian petroleum region of Russia, when the produced waters resulting abundantly from oil extraction are injected thereto. The relevance of this study is necessitated by the need to dispose of produced waters (co-extracted with oil) within the Kamenny site, whose accumulated volume is currently estimated to be over 10,000 thousand m3. That said, the most important challenge facing the subsurface users is to minimize the adverse impact on the geological environment by water injection into the lost-circulation horizon and preserve the natural balance of the geological environment. This study has addressed the following problems: the natural geological-hydrogeological conditions of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian aquifer complex were assessed; the stability of hydrogeochemical measures of groundwaters was analyzed from the monitoring survey results (starting from the 1960s); the compatibility between the produced and reservoir waters was evaluated by estimating the carbonate balance of the system; and the stability of hydrogeochemical measures of the Atlym-Novomikhailovsk aquifer complex that holds fresh potable waters valuable for the drinking and domestic water supplies and overlies the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian aquifer system. The solution found for each of the above-listed problems evidences the consistency of the hypothesis suggested herein that the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian aquifer system is currently safe to use for the purpose of produced water (co-extracted with oil) injection. This paper also places emphasis on the necessity of continually improving the monitoring system for both the lost-circulation horizon and the overlying ones, and of scrupulously complying with all of the environmental safeguards, which is a mandatory prerequisite for retaining the natural balance of the subsurface resources of the West-Siberian petroleum region in Russia.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROGRESS IN USING GREYWATER AS A SOLUTION TO WATER SCARCITY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY","authors":"J. Nyika, M. Dinka","doi":"10.26480/wcm.02.2022.89.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.89.94","url":null,"abstract":"Increased production of greywater prompted by the rise of urbanization and increased population in the industrial era is a growing environmental concern exacerbating the apparent water insecurity. Treatment and reuse of greywater is a promising solution to this problem since it will divert the use of limited freshwater resources to unavoidable consumptive uses. This study reviewed the various methods used to treat greywater and the progress made in taking up the practice in Kenya. Findings showed a variety of physicochemical treatment methods such as filtration, adsorption, coagulation and photocatalytic oxidation used to decontaminate greywater. Biological approaches such as the use of reactors and constructed wetland systems were discussed. Case study applications of the treatment approaches in Kenya to manage greywater were also highlighted. However, it was noted that appropriate policies, adequate funding and better designing of greywater treatment systems should be adopted to support the enhanced practices in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REMEDIATION OF CR(VI) IN WATER USING BIOSYNTHESIZED PALLADIUM NANO-MATERIALS LOADED (SHEWANELLA ONEIDENSIS) MR-1","authors":"A. Ponomarev, Tatyana S. Nurullina, Michail D. Zavatsky","doi":"10.26480/wcm.02.2022.146.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2022.146.153","url":null,"abstract":"“Green” synthesis is attracted considerable interest in materials science as a reliable, durable, and environmentally friendly approach to fabricating a wide range of nanoparticles such as metal oxide. Green production of metal nanoparticles was used to host a variety of biological components (such as fungi, algae, plant extracts bacteria etc.). Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was employed in this biosynthetic investigation of palladium nanoparticles (Bio-Pd) to produce Cr (VI) under aerobic circumstances. By adjusting the ratio of microbial biomass to palladium precursors, it was possible to control the distribution and size of Bio-Pd. The Pd ratio had the smallest average particle size at 6.33 1.69 nm. Additionally, it has a formic acid oxidation electrocatalytic potential of -0.132 V, which is 0.158 V smaller than that of commercial Pd/C (5%). The entire catalytic reduction of a 200 mg/L Cr (VI) solution could be achieved by the tiny, uniformly distributed extracellular Bio-Pd within 10 minutes, but commercially available Pd/C (5%) required at least 45 minutes. Over five cycles, the Bio-Pd material offers a high decrease rate. Microbes have a substantial effect on the entire process of effectively reducing Cr (VI), dispersing palladium nanoparticles, and adsorbing Cr (III). The findings of this study will serve as a guide for the advancement of effective and environmentally acceptable bio-Pd catalysts for pollution control in straightforward and reasonable situations.","PeriodicalId":147224,"journal":{"name":"Water Conservation & Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130340655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}