Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Youli Yu, Y. Wang, Jun Liu, Erhui Guo, Cong-yan Wang
{"title":"Drought stress intensifies the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae exotic invasive plants","authors":"Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong, Youli Yu, Y. Wang, Jun Liu, Erhui Guo, Cong-yan Wang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10078","url":null,"abstract":"The phytotoxicity of exotic invasive plants (EIP) is vital for their successful invasion. At the family level, Asteraceae contains the largest number of EIP species in China. Drought stress may affect the phytotoxicity of EIP by altering the production and secretion of allelochemicals. Therefore, it is important to estimate the phytotoxicity of multiple EIP under drought stress. In this study, the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae EIP, i.e., Solidago canadensis L., Aster subulatus Michx., Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., were estimated using leaf extracts. Their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under drought stress (simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000) were assessed. These five Asteraceae EIP, particularly S. canadensis, inhibited seed germination of L. sativa. Aster subulatus, B. pilosa, E. annuus, and C. canadensis increased seedling growth of L. sativa. The phytotoxicity of these five Asteraceae EIP decreased in the following order: S. canadensis > E. annuus > A. subulatus > B. pilosa ≈ C. canadensis. Drought stress intensified the phytotoxicity of all five Asteraceae EIP. The level of stress intensity mediated by these five Asteraceae EIP, particularly by S. canadensis, A. subulatus, and B. pilosa, increased with increasing degree of drought stress. Thus, an increasing growing degree of drought stress may accelerate the invasion process of these five Asteraceae EIP via the effects of intensified phytotoxicity on growth performance of adjacent species, particularly on seed germination and seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of sea-salt stress on morphological and biochemical indices of Grand Nain (Musa spp.) banana variety","authors":"Filiz Baysal","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Banana is cultivated abundantly in seaside regions, which are highly prone to rises in sea level or where seawater mixes with groundwater. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sea-salt stress on banana seedlings. Three different saline solutions, irrigation water, and distilled water were prepared for treatments; 15.3 dS m-1, 20.4 dS m-1, 25.7 dS m-1, 3.22 dS m-1 (irrigation water), 0.0 dS m-1 (control), respectively. Although there was no statistical difference in plant length after the treatment, plant diameter difference was observed in seedlings subjected to salt stress for 30 days. The most damaged leaves (4.8) were determined at the highest sea-salt solution (25.7 dS m-1). Compared with the root length (RL) results of control, irrigation water, and 15.3 dS m-1 treatments, the mean of RL was significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment (40.0 cm). Except for the 20.40 dS m-1 treatment, the other treatments had values close to each other. Contrary to the total chlorophyll (TC) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) values determined in control plants, the highest TC content and CF were found in irrigation water treatment with 34.8 mg g-1 Fw and 46.0, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were significantly higher in the 25.7 dS m-1 treatment than in the other treatments. Results demonstrated that the root length of the Grand Nain cultivar increased although the sea-salt stress had negative effects on plant morphology and biochemical content, indicating that it could adapt to short-term salt stress.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Savita Sharma, J. Sharma, Deepika Singh, S. Mallubhotla
{"title":"Seasonal variation of boeravinone B content in plant parts of Boerhaavia diffusa L.","authors":"Savita Sharma, J. Sharma, Deepika Singh, S. Mallubhotla","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Boerhaavia diffusa (family: Nyctaginaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant of rasayana category as per ayurvedic claims, commonly known as ‘Punarnava’ in Indian system of medicine. It is used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries besides possessing anticancer, antiestrogenic, immunomodulatory and antiamoebic activities. Its phytochemicals like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, polyphenols etc. have been extensively explored to gain insight into its wide range of bioactivities and medicinal attributes, and boeravinone B has been reported as most potent and interesting flavonoid for its therapeutic properties. In present investigation high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was done on monthly basis for two consecutive years to check the influence of temperature, humidity and rainfall on production and quantification of boeravinone B in various plant parts of field grown B. diffusa. Throughout the year, variation in the concentration of boeravinone B was observed and highest yield was observed in July, which is also the best time for Boerhaavia multiplication and growth. Amongst the plant parts, maximum concentration of boeravinone B was obtained in root parts (6.63%) followed by leaves (4.28%) and minimal content was obtained in shoot parts (3.08%). These results indicate the ideal time for harvesting of the whole herb for its better utilization as a herbal therapeutic for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48886425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varun M. Hiremath, K. Singh, K. Swaroop, S. Panwar, P. A., Tejukumar B.K.
{"title":"DUS descriptors based morphometric characterization to analyze genetic variability in gladiolus","authors":"Varun M. Hiremath, K. Singh, K. Swaroop, S. Panwar, P. A., Tejukumar B.K.","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Present investigation involved phenotypic characterization of 84 gladiolus genotypes based on 18 DUS descriptors to estimate genetic variation and identify desirable genotypes for hybridization. Considerable variability was observed among the genotypes for most of the traits and principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained most of the existing variation (>98%) in the germplasm. Genotypic coefficient of variation exhibited a wide range from 7.80% (androecium length) to 37.11% (duration of flowering) while, phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 8.12% (androecium length) to 37.61% (duration of flowering). Strong broad sense heritability estimates (>95%) were observed for the characters viz., bract length, flower width, tepal length, tepal width, style length, time of beginning of flowering and duration of flowering. Seventy four pair wise inter-trait combinations showed significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations among 153 possible trait combinations. Mahalanobis D2 statistic analysis revealed that genotypes of the cluster II and V to be highly distinct and hybridization between them might have better chance to obtain desirable recombinants. Ward’s cluster analysis confirmed that the cv. Victor and cv. Malaviya Shatabdi to be highly diverse for the selected traits. It is concluded that the above genotypes may be utilized in crossing programme to obtain better progenies. Characterized data of gladiolus germplasm would assist the breeders in varietal identification, conservation and their sustainable utilization during breeding programme.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45820958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Sesbania aculeata as brown manure on grain yield and partial factor productivity of nutrients in dry direct seeded rice-wheat system","authors":"A. Sah, Devendra Narayan Singh","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Present study was undertaken to assess the scope of Sesbania aculeata as brown manure on grain yield, partial factor productivity of nutrients as well as to cut down the nutritional requirement of direct seeded rice and transplanted rice-wheat system cropping system. Results revealed that puddled transplanted treatment having 100% NPK with Sesbania aculeata recorded highest rice grain yield (4.3 t ha‒1) which was statistically at par to dry direct seeded rice treatment having 100%, 75% and 50% NPK with Sesbania aculeata. The yield of wheat taken after puddled transplanted rice was recorded lower than the wheat grown after direct-seeded rice. System productivity, PFP, AUE, net returns and B: C ratio of DSR-wheat was higher (7.5 t ha‒1, 25 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 3.3%, USD 870 ha‒1, 1.2) compared to puddle transplanted rice-wheat (7.4 t ha‒1, 24.5 kg grain/kg nutrient applied, 0.6 %, USD 786 ha‒1, 0.9, respectively). The highest B: C ratio (2.4) was recorded in treatment having 50% NPK of recommended dose, which was statistically at par with the treatment having 75% NPK of recommended dose. Interaction effect of nutrient application coupled with crop establishment method revealed that the highest B:C ratio (1.7) was registered also in DSR-wheat system having 75% and 50% NPK of recommended dose.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of fruit quality attributes and nutritional composition of ten blueberry cultivars","authors":"J. Hirzel, V. Moya, C. Balbontín","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have gained consumer interest worldwide for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure reducing properties. The objective of our study was to characterize 10 blueberry cultivars for firmness, weight, caliber, macronutrient content, anthocyanins, titratable acidity, and soluble solids. Results indicated that the characterized fruit parameters varied between 12.89–18.68 °Brix for soluble solids, 0.57%–0.79% for titratable acidity, 57.0–81.6 g mm -1 for firmness, 1.74 and 2.80 g for average fruit weight, 14.7 and 17.9 mm for average fruit diameter, 1.80–15.55 mg L-1 for anthocyanins, and 14.4%–21.6% for dry matter content. Fruit nutrient concentration (mg 100 g-1 fresh fruit) ranged from 63.6 to 104.0 mg N 100 g-1, 7.0 to 12.2 mg P 100 g-1, 76.4 to 122.7 mg K 100 g-1, 4.5 to 9.8 mg Ca 100 g-1, 3.6 to 6.9 mg Mg 100 g-1, and 3.7 to 5.8 mg S 100 g-1. The cultivar with the highest overall values was ‘Last Call’, while the cultivars with the lowest values were ‘Brigitta’, ‘Liberty’, and ‘Cargo’. There were positive and negative correlations between the characterization parameters, mainly 1) less firm cultivars, ‘Legacy’, ´Duke’, and ‘Camelia’, were positively correlated for the K concentration, 2) negative correlations between titratable acidity and the K concentration in ‘Last Call’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Brigitta’, and ‘Liberty’, and 3) positive correlations between the P concentration and soluble solid content in ‘Last Call’, ‘Camelia’, and ‘Brigitta’.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Patra, S. Sengupta, P. Bhattacharya, K. Bhattacharyya
{"title":"Enhancing yield of lettuce through irrigation and nitrogen management in a subtropical Inceptisol","authors":"S. Patra, S. Sengupta, P. Bhattacharya, K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000To address the dearth of management of lettuce in the Indo-Gangetic plains, field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam Inceptisol for optimizing the irrigation, nitrogen requirement and economics of lettuce for three years. Four irrigation levels (conventional, I1 and irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratio, as I2, I3 and I4) and three nitrogen management (100% recommended dose of N i.e., RDN as inorganic, N1; 50:50% RDN as inorganic: vermicompost, N2 and 100% RDN as vermicompost, N3) was laid out in thrice replicated split plot design. All the major physiological characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, average head diameter was improved with I4, N2 and their interaction (I4N2). Maximum average head yield (10.6 t ha-1) was obtained with I4 and I3, 10.5 t ha-1 for N2, while I4N2 yielded 11.3 t ha-1. Maximum water productivity (11.8 kg m-3) was obtained under I2N2. A strong non-linear relationship was detected between yield with irrigation water applied (). Higher soil moisture extraction (80.2%) in top 0–30 cm and lower (19.8%) for 30–45 cm depth and maximum leaf dry matter yield, nutrient concentrations and uptake was found with I4N2 and I3N2. The moderate deficit irrigation and optimum nutrient at I3N2 was found best for optimizing yield, higher water productivity, nitrogen economy and monetary returns of lettuce.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46511941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing the costs of defense against herbivores in ecotypes of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae)","authors":"O. Barazani","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Plants of Eruca sativa from a desert population produce less vegetative biomass, flower earlier and possess higher density of trichomes than plants from a more mesic Mediterranean habitat. When eliciting plant defense mechanisms with methyl-jasmonate (MJ), trichome formation was exclusively enhanced in plants of the Mediterranean ecotype. To test the relative costs of defenses, ecologically-important traits were monitored in non-elicited plants of the two ecotypes and when defenses were induced by MJ. Opposing the expected tradeoffs of induced defense, MJ- elicitation significantly delayed bolting and flowering in plants of the desert ecotype but not in the Mediterranean ones. Moreover, MJ did not impose costs on fitness- related traits, i.e. fruit and seed production, nor differences between plants of the two ecotypes were found. It is suggested that early flowering in plants of the desert ecotype provide a mean to escape both the abiotic stressful environment as well herbivory, while induced defense in the Mediterranean ecotype was favored in habitats of more stressful biotic interactions. The results are discussed in light of the optimal defense theory and resource availability hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ulupınar, Hasan Maral, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, Ayşegül TÜRK BAYDIR, E. Sebin, K. Altınkaynak, N. F. Kishalı, E. Şiktar, İ. İnce, Y. Buzdağlı
{"title":"Effect of Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on immune cells in athletes","authors":"S. Ulupınar, Hasan Maral, S. Özbay, Cebrail Gençoğlu, Ayşegül TÜRK BAYDIR, E. Sebin, K. Altınkaynak, N. F. Kishalı, E. Şiktar, İ. İnce, Y. Buzdağlı","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Natural herbal products are widely used by athletes to reduce the immune suppression caused by intensive exercise. This study aimed to determine the effects of the essential oils Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia, which belong to the Lamiaceae family, on immune cells in athletes. Thirty-four trained men (age: , height: , body mass: ) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group. Leukocytes and their subgroups were measured before and after a 14-day essential oil intervention and following an intensive exercise session. The main findings indicated that essential oils isolated from O. dubium (; ; ; increase), O. vulgare subsp hirtum (; ; ; increase), and L. angustifolia (; ; ; increase) increased lymphocyte counts, thus maintaining baseline levels despite decreased post-exercise lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the post-exercise lymphocyte count was lower than that after the intervention (; ) but higher than at baseline (; ) in the O. vulgare subsp hirtum group. The lower post-exercise lymphocyte counts of the control group compared with those after the 14-day period (; ) and baseline (; ) supported the experimental group results. However, our findings revealed that essential oil interventions had no significant effect on neutrophil counts, but the intensive exercise intervention increased the neutrophil counts in all groups. No significant change was identified in the other subgroup counts following the essential oil intervention or post exercise. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that these plants, especially O. vulgare subsp hirtum, can be used to alleviate the immune suppressive effects of intense exercise in athletes.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44612655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tensile properties of six desert shrub species in Hobq Desert, China","authors":"Xu-Yang Liu, Wenxiao Ning, Zhen-Ting Wang","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Desert shrubs are often planted to control wind erosion, land desertification, and desert expansion. Their motions of bending and vibration can absorb and disperse kinetic energy of wind, so as to protect the erodible surfaces close-by. According to continuum mechanics, the quantification of mechanical properties of shrubs is critical to understand their dynamic behaviors. In this study, the conventional tensile tests of six dominant desert shrub species’ stems mainly sampled in the Hobq Desert of China are performed. It is found that the tensile strength of Tamarix ramosissima and Hedysarum scoparium are larger than others, whereas Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides are more flexible. And then, it is theoretically and experimentally proved that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of these desert shrubs both decrease with the increase of diameter.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43134030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}