2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)最新文献

{"title":"A Voltage Sensitivity Framework for Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Hassan I. Alhammad, Mustafa F. Alsada, K. Khan, M. Khalid","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00093","url":null,"abstract":"Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) play a pivotal role to mitigate the power quality challenges associated with the evolution of the modern of distribution network. Nevertheless, optimal allocation of BESS is pertinent to appropriately utilize and maintain their techno-economic significance. This paper presents a framework based on voltage sensitivity approach to establish an optimal BESS allocation strategy and subsequently, effectively extract their support towards appropriate energy utilization. The proposed methodology is validated on an IEEE 8 bus distribution network. The results obtained demonstrates an improved voltage profile with the identified BESS allocation and additionally lower overall system line losses.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115522284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault-Tolerant PV Multistring Inverter","authors":"H. Renaudineau, Pol Paradell-Solà, L. Trilla, Àlber Filbà-Martínez, J. Domínguez-García","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00023","url":null,"abstract":"In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the reliability of the power converter is of main importance in order to have cost-effective solutions. Designing power converters with fault-tolerant capability is a solution to improve the reliability of the system, guaranteeing service continuity in case of failure of elements of the converter, in particular the semiconductor devices. In this paper, a fault-tolerant two-stage PV multistring inverter is proposed. The proposed fault-tolerant design includes a single redundant switching leg with ancillary circuitry, which is used to reconfigure the structure and continue operation in case of a switch failure. Unless existing fault-tolerant solutions which focus either on DC-AC or DC-DC converter stages, the proposed fault-tolerant PV multistring inverter can handle a fault on any switch of the two conversion stages. The switch fault diagnosis on the DC-AC stage is performed with an existing solution, while a novel method is proposed for the switch-fault detection on the DC-DC stage. Simulations are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed fault-tolerant solution.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Light-Duty Vehicle Travel from Large-Scale Multimodal Wearable GPS Data with Novelty Detection Algorithms","authors":"Lei Zhu, Brennan Borlaug, Lei Lin, J. Holden, J. Gonder","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying travel mode within travel survey data sets, especially light-duty vehicle (LDV) travel, is foundational, though nontrivial, to travel behavior analysis and fuel consumption estimation. Current travel mode detection approaches require well-sampled and balanced data sets with ground truth travel mode labels. They are rarely applied and validated on large-scale, real-world data sets, which may not satisfy the data requirements. This paper proposes an LDV travel mode detection model as a supplement to current travel mode detection methods, for the case when the training set is highly (and/or completely) unbalanced, to the extent that classical machine-learning approaches become difficult or impossible to deploy. The proposed model uses a novelty detection technique-one-class support vector machines (OCSVMs)-and a novel exhaustive feature extraction (EFE) technique on continuous time series data (i.e., Global Positioning System [GPS] speed profiles) for single-mode trip trajectories. Training and validation of the model are conducted on a large-scale, real-world data set. The proposed method accurately identifies LDV trips from a broad set of multimodal trips by leveraging a wealth of preexisting in-vehicle GPS travel data. Additional sensitivity analysis sheds light on the optimal training size, which will benefit applications limited by highly imbalanced data. The paper also discusses performance comparison with regular machine-learning approaches, the model's robustness, and the potential to extend the proposed model to multimodal prediction.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121306830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Solar Energy Grid Disturbances in the United States","authors":"Esteban A. Soto, L. Bosman, Ebisa D. Wollega","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy penetration levels have been increasing steadily in recent years, becoming a significant factor in the energy system in the United States and the world. The increase in photovoltaic generation leads to a potential increase in grid disturbances. This study analyzes the relationship between solar energy generation and error (difference between the demand and the forecast energy demand) in seven subregions of the United States. Three types of errors were calculated mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE). Correlation analysis was performed between solar energy generation and the three types of errors. Furthermore, graphical comparisons were made between the percentage of energy generated and the three types of errors for each of the seven subregions. As a result, negative correlations were found between the generation of solar energy and ME in five analyzed subregions. When analyzing the correlation between solar energy generation with MAE and MSE, a correlation was found in all the subregions. Besides, ME, MAE, and MSE values decrease in the subregions with the highest solar energy generation percentage. The results indicate that the generation of solar energy impacts the demand forecast. Also, Balancing Authorities (BAs) with a high percentage of solar energy consider the solar generation's effects on demand forecasting. Due to these results, even BAs with low solar generation should consider solar energy as a relevant factor to improve the demand forecast accuracy. Additionally, it is necessary to incorporate methodological standards across all BAs that consider solar generation effects in demand forecasting.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126280058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined Rectangular/Circular Power Pad for Electric Vehicles Wireless Charging","authors":"Marwan H. Mohammed, Y. Ameen, A. A. S. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00041","url":null,"abstract":"Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology enables electric vehicles to be charged safely and effectively without physical connection. A main element in IPT system is the magnetic coupler (power pads) structures that contributes to the power transmission capability and efficiency. In addition, the coupler must show robustness against misalignment between receiver and transmitter coupling coils. Therefore, this paper presents a novel charging pad named Rectangular/Circular (RC) that integrates the traditional rectangular and circular pads. The proposed pad is compared to the double-D (DD) pad in terms of the misalignment effect and the coupling coefficient. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis based on the ANSYS MAXWELL software is used to design and evaluate the system performance. The results show that the proposed pad requires less wire than DD structure, and is less sensitive to different lateral and rotational misalignments. To more studying the RC charging pad performance, a WPT1 (3.7 kVA)/Z1 magnetic gap IPT model is built by using MATLAB Simulink. A power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 98.85% for the designed charger has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133924430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economical Study for Geothermal Direct Usage for a Dairy Factory","authors":"C. Garcia, B. Young, Wei Yu","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00036","url":null,"abstract":"This research seeks to determine a dairy plant's technical and economic feasibility powered by geothermal energy compared to a traditional dairy plant. A comparison identifies the cost difference between dairy plants powered by geothermal energy and traditional dairy plants. A focus on the pasteuriser shows the benefits or disadvantages of using geothermal energy for milk pasteurisation. The simulation software Symmetry was used to generate the data. Different enthalpy levels present different plants throughput for comparison. An economic analysis determined the optimal heat exchanger. Geothermal energy presents some benefits; nonetheless, a plant-powered by fossil fuels presents more economic benefit than one powered by geothermal energy. Furthermore, it was found that large dairy farms with high enthalpy values from geothermal resources and higher temperature approach require less resource.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115035159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear-out prediction of grid-following converters for two-phase three-wire isolated ac power grids","authors":"J. H. de Oliveira, R. D. de Barros, A. F. Cupertino, H. Pereira, D. Brandão","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00065","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification in remote communities is mostly based on isolated ac grids with diesel generator, renewables and battery storage system. These latter energy sources are interfaced by power electronics converters that require very high reliability and long lifetime. This paper compares the reliability of two-phase three-wire ($2Phi 3mathrm{W}$) PV-inverters considering three different configurations of grid structure in terms of line voltage angle displacement: 90° ($alphabeta n$-system); 120° (abn-system) and 180° (xyn-system). A 4.5 kW grid-following inverter is considered in the case study. The wear-out failure probability for the inverter is quantified for the three systems in rated conditions, considering the same hardware design. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed for the inverters of the $alphabeta n$-system and xyn-system, aiming to obtain the same probability of failure of the inverter operating in the abn-system. The obtained results shows that a PV inverter in xyn-system can have its rated power increased (22.22%) or its heatsink volume decreased (58.33%), and even so achieve the same wear-out $B_{10}$ lifetime for abn-system. Such result indicates that xyn-system may be attractive for isolated ac grids to reduce cost and/or extend converters $2Phi 3mathrm{W}$ lifespan.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Binary Search Algorithm based Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems","authors":"A. Debnath, T. Olowu, I. Parvez, A. Sarwat","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00094","url":null,"abstract":"The use of PVs and storage systems behind-the-meter provides backup power supply to owners as well as capable of providing ancillary services to the power grid such as peak load shifting, demand response, energy arbitrage amongst others. This paper proposes a binary-search based optimization algorithm determines the size of photovoltaic (PV) plus battery standalone system in order to meet a defined load profile. The objective function formulation minimizes the overall system cost and makes sure that the total load rejection is zero by the PV-plus-battery (PPB) system for the load profile considered throughout the year. The optimization variable set in the proposed formulation are the number of the PVs and the batteries. The battery state-of-charge, the number of PVs and batteries are set as the optimization constraints. The proposed algorithm is fed with a year-long actual irradiance and load profile data for facility located in Miami FL. The cost factors for the PV and battery are also input to the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a zero load deficit for the period and the load profile considered.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125172052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Vehicle to Grid Technology on Distribution Grid with Two Power Line Filter Approaches","authors":"Abdulraheem H. Alobaidi, Hunter DesRoches, M. Mehrtash","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00035","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is capable of enhancing ancillary services in the grid by providing regulation up/down when needed. This technology will increase the security of the system by helping transformers and lines not to become overloaded and reducing peak load. However, integrating numerous electric vehicles (EVs) to the grid brings about voltage fluctuations and induces more harmonic distortions to the power distribution system. This paper investigates the impacts of V2G technology on the distribution grid and how the disturbances may be compensated by using harmonic filters to improve the power quality in the distribution grid. Multiple design schemes for power line filter topologies are used. The goal is to propose an effective filter in term of location and size by comparing a single harmonic filter on the distribution line with individual filters on each charging station. The studied model consists of an EV charging station, the corresponding DC/DC converter with its constant current controller, a DC/AC converter with its voltage-oriented controller to link the charging station to the grid, a power line filter, and a distribution grid. The results of different models are compared to each other to draw the main conclusions. The models are used to test the effectiveness of harmonic filters in different scenarios which include ten EV charging stations with a single grid side filter and with individual filters for each charging station.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126136099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green hydrogen-based energy storage in Texas for decarbonization of the electric grid","authors":"E. Wikramanayake, Palash V. Acharya, M. Kapner, V. Bahadur","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00070","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the penetration of renewables-based power generation such as from wind and solar is key to curbing greenhouse emissions resulting from the use of fossil fuels. As the capacity of solar and wind installations increase, the highly dynamic nature of renewable generation leads to frequent energy curtailment in instances when the total generation exceeds the load. Presently, we analyze data from ERCOT (which manages the primary electric grid in Texas), to study potential storage of excess wind and solar energy via electrolysis-driven conversion to hydrogen (green hydrogen). This stored hydrogen could be converted back to electricity and fed into the grid whenever there is an energy deficit. In this study, we characterize a long-duration storage system (based on estimated capacity increases by 2025) in terms of storage size, rated power and the costs involved in generating H2 via electrolysis. Our analysis reveals the need for long-duration storage in two periods: i) mid-March to June, and ii) mid-October to December. During these periods, the surplus energy generated and stored in the form of green hydrogen would be self-sufficient to provide the deficit energy for instances when generation from renewables cannot meet load requirements. Minimum storage capacities of 10,000 & 3500 GWh would be required for these periods to avoid curtailment. Preliminary techno-economic analysis suggests that total electrolyzer capacity of ∼ 40 GW would be required to avoid significant curtailment. Any added capital cost beyond this rating would not yield significant returns on investment as hydrogen production would have reached its peak capacity. Furthermore, the cost for producing hydrogen via electrolysis ($2-4) for electrolyzers at such capacity would be competitive with existing steam reforming technologies. Overall, the proposed long-duration storage system can increase the contribution of renewables to the Texas grid by 16%. The analysis and insights obtained from this study can serve as a benchmark and seed future studies in planning and designing long-duration storage systems based on the estimated capacity increase in renewables.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128271227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}