ISRN Toxicology最新文献

Cadmium Impairs p53 Activity in HepG2 Cells. 镉损害HepG2细胞中p53活性。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2014-03-13 eCollection Date: 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/976428

C Urani, P Melchioretto, M Fabbri, G Bowe, E Maserati, L Gribaldo

{"title":"Cadmium Impairs p53 Activity in HepG2 Cells.","authors":"C Urani, P Melchioretto, M Fabbri, G Bowe, E Maserati, L Gribaldo","doi":"10.1155/2014/976428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/976428","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium and cadmium compounds are contaminants of the environment, food, and drinking water and are important constituents of cigarette smoke. Cd exposure has also been associated with airborne particulate CdO and with Cd-containing quantum dots in medical therapy. Adverse cadmium effects reported in the literature have stimulated during recent years an ongoing discussion to better elucidate cadmium outcomes at cell and molecular level. The present work is designed to gain an insight into the mechanism of p53 impairment at gene and protein level to understand Cd-induced resistance to apoptosis. We used a hepatoma cell line (HepG2) derived from liver, known to be metal responsive. At genotoxic cadmium concentrations no cell cycle arrest was observed. The p53 at gene and protein level was not regulated. Fluorescence images showed that p53 was correctly translocated into the nucleus but that the p21(Cip1/WAF-1), a downstream protein of p53 network involved in cell cycle regulation, was not activated at the highest cadmium concentrations used. The miRNAs analysis revealed an upregulation of mir-372, an miRNA able to affect p21(Cip1/WAF-1) expression and promote cell cycle progression and proliferation. The role of metallothioneins and possible conformational changes of p53 are discussed. ","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2014 ","pages":"976428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/976428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32567458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Reduced life expectancy model for effects of long term exposure on lethal toxicity with fish. 长期接触对鱼类致命毒性影响的预期寿命缩短模型。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-12-26 DOI: 10.1155/2013/230763

Vibha Verma, Qiming J Yu, Des W Connell

引用次数: 5

Paraben levels in an urban community of Western Canada. 加拿大西部一个城市社区的对羟基苯甲酸酯水平。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-12-17 DOI: 10.1155/2013/507897

Stephen J Genuis, Detlef Birkholz, Luke Curtis, Court Sandau

{"title":"Paraben levels in an urban community of Western Canada.","authors":"Stephen J Genuis, Detlef Birkholz, Luke Curtis, Court Sandau","doi":"10.1155/2013/507897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/507897","url":null,"abstract":"With effective antibacterial and antifungal properties, commercially used parabens are synthetic compounds widely utilized as preservatives in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and as an additive in some foodstuffs. While long regarded as relatively safe and nontoxic, recent research has demonstrated xenoestrogenic properties of anthropogenic parabens with early evidence that paraben exposure may be linked to breast cancer, thyroid dysfunction, allergy, and obesity. In an attempt to determine the prevalence of paraben exposure in a Canadian urban community, a sample of convenience was done by measuring urinary levels of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and isobutyl parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, and IP) in 39 consecutive patients in an Alberta primary care clinic. In 28 female patients including 9 pregnant women, the median urinary levels (in μ g/L) were 25.45 for MP, 10.17 for EP, 2.80 for PP, 0.30 for BP, and 0.24 for IP. In 11 male patients, the median urinary levels (in μ g/L) were 25.95 for MP, 10.37 for EP, 3.09 for PP, 0.35 for BP, and 0.22 for IP. Especially high urinary paraben levels were reported in a few patients, with the highest urinary concentrations (in μ g/L) reported as 966.46 for MP, 220.6 as EP, and 612.73 for PP. It is evident that exposure to assorted parabens is a routine event for many if not most individuals, including pregnant women, in urban Alberta, Canada. ","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"507897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/507897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32056594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Cytotoxic effects of benzene metabolites on human sperm function: an in vitro study. 苯代谢物对人类精子功能的细胞毒性作用:一项体外研究。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-12-12 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397524

Priyanka Mandani, Ketki Desai, Hyacinth Highland

{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of benzene metabolites on human sperm function: an in vitro study.","authors":"Priyanka Mandani, Ketki Desai, Hyacinth Highland","doi":"10.1155/2013/397524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/397524","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, individuals are rampantly exposed to vapours of benzene, through paint, plastic, petroleum industries, fuel exhaust, and tobacco smoke. Hence the present investigation was directed towards determining the effect of benzene metabolites, namely, phenol-hydroquinone and catechol, on the motility, viability, and nuclear integrity of the human spermatozoa. From the results obtained it was clear that exposure to phenol-hydroquinone caused a significant decline in both, sperm motility and viability. Exposure to a phenol-hydroquinone (Phase I) microenvironment may therefore inhibit metabolically active enzymes, thus impeding ATP production, and in turn lowers sperm motility and viability. In addition, the present study also revealed that both metabolites of benzene caused significant denaturation of sperm nuclear DNA. Hence, exposure to phenol-hydroquinone in vitro could have resulted in generation of free radicals and altered membrane function, which is reflected by a decline in the motility, viability, and loss of sperm nuclear DNA integrity. In Phase II, the exposure of human sperm in vitro to varied concentrations of catechol caused only insignificant changes in sperm motility and viability as compared to those observed on exposure to phenol-hydroquinone. Hence, exposure to catechol appeared to have less toxic effects than those of phenol-hydroquinone.","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"397524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/397524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32024044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Activation of the NF κ B Pathway Enhances AhR Expression in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. 激活NF κ B通路增强肠Caco-2细胞AhR表达

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-10-21 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792452

S Champion, C Sauzet, P Bremond, K Benbrahim, J Abraldes, E Seree, Y Barra, P H Villard

{"title":"Activation of the NF κ B Pathway Enhances AhR Expression in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells.","authors":"S Champion, C Sauzet, P Bremond, K Benbrahim, J Abraldes, E Seree, Y Barra, P H Villard","doi":"10.1155/2013/792452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/792452","url":null,"abstract":"Recent data suggest that apart from its well-known role in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, AhR is also involved in inflammation. However, the influence of inflammation on AhR expression remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that proinflammatory conditions induced by either PMA or IL-1 β enhance AhR expression in Caco-2 cells. This was associated with an increase in AhR promoter activity. By means of directed mutagenesis experiments and the use of proteasome inhibitors, we demonstrated that inflammation-induced AhR expression involved the NF κ B pathway but not AP-1. Moreover, conditioned media from PMA-treated Caco-2 cells were also able to induce AhR expression, and this induction was repressed by anti-IL-1 β blocking antibodies. Similar results were obtained with conditioned media from PMA-treated THP-1 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that AhR could be involved in vivo in an inflammatory loop. AhR was recently suspected to be implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. Our results support this hypothesis and suggest that AhR could be a new target for inflammatory bowel disease patient management. ","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"792452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/792452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31867163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Differential bacteriostatic effects of sucralose on various species of environmental bacteria. 三氯蔗糖对不同种类环境细菌的抑菌效果。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-09-30 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/415070

Arthur Omran, Ronald Baker, Charles Coughlin

引用次数: 11

Potential Toxic Levels of Cyanide in Almonds (Prunus amygdalus), Apricot Kernels (Prunus armeniaca), and Almond Syrup. 杏仁(Prunus amygdalus)、杏仁核(Prunus armeniaca)和杏仁糖浆中氰化物的潜在毒性水平。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-09-19 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/610648

Nadia Chaouali, Ines Gana, Amira Dorra, Fathia Khelifi, Anouer Nouioui, Wafa Masri, Ines Belwaer, Hayet Ghorbel, Abderazzek Hedhili

引用次数: 60

Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase by L-NAME Promotes Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats. L-NAME抑制一氧化氮合酶促进顺铂诱导的雄性大鼠肾毒性。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-09-17 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/242345

Fatemeh Moslemi, Mehdi Nematbakhsh, Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi, Ardeshir Talebi, Hamid Nasri, Farzaneh Ashrafi, Maryam Moeini, Azam Mansouri, Zahra Pezeshki

{"title":"Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase by L-NAME Promotes Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats.","authors":"Fatemeh Moslemi, Mehdi Nematbakhsh, Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi, Ardeshir Talebi, Hamid Nasri, Farzaneh Ashrafi, Maryam Moeini, Azam Mansouri, Zahra Pezeshki","doi":"10.1155/2013/242345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/242345","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Nitric oxide (NO) has numerous important functions in the kidney. The role of NO in cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity is not completely understood. This study was designed to determine the role of NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) on the severity of CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods. Sixty four male (M) and female (F) Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The sham groups (group 1, male, n = 6 and group 2, female, n = 6) received saline. Groups 3 (male, n = 8) and 4 (female, n = 8) were treated with L-NAME (4 mg/kg, i.p.), and groups 5 (male, n = 8) and 6 (female, n = 8) received CP (3 mg/kg) for 7 days. Groups 7 (male, n = 8) and 8 (female, n = 8) were treated with L-NAME and CP for 7 days. Results. The CP-alone treated rats showed weight loss and increase in serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Coadministration of L-NAME and CP did not improve weight loss, and it increased the levels of BUN and Cr in male but not in female rats (P < 0.05). CP alone increased kidney damage significantly (P < 0.05 ), however, the damage induced by combination of CP and L-NAME was gender-related. Conclusion. NOS inhibition by L-NAME increased CP-induced nephrotoxicity, which was gender-related. ","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"242345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/242345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40273725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Gastrointestinal Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Cholestyramine and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. 利用消胆胺和核核小球藻胃肠道消除全氟化合物。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-09-09 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/657849

Stephen J Genuis, Luke Curtis, Detlef Birkholz

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Cholestyramine and Chlorella pyrenoidosa.","authors":"Stephen J Genuis, Luke Curtis, Detlef Birkholz","doi":"10.1155/2013/657849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/657849","url":null,"abstract":"Background. While perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a family of commonly used synthetic compounds with many applications, some PFCs remain persistent within the human body due, in part, to enterohepatic recirculation and renal tubular reabsorption. With increasing recognition of potential harm to human health associated with PFC bioaccumulation, interventions to facilitate elimination of these toxicants are welcome in order to potentially preclude or overcome illness. Minimal research has been undertaken thus far on methods to accelerate human clearance of PFCs. Methods. To test for possible oral treatments to hasten PFC elimination, a group of individuals with elevated PFC levels was treated with cholestyramine (CSM) and, after a break, was subsequently treated with Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP). Stool samples were collected from all participants (i) prior to any treatment, (ii) during treatment with CSM, and (iii) during treatment with CP. Results. With CSM treatment, significant levels of three distinct PFCs were found in all stools, while levels were mostly undetectable prior to treatment. Following treatment with oral CP, undetectable or very low levels of all PFCs were noted in each sample tested. Conclusion. CSM appears to facilitate elimination of some common PFCs and may have some role in the clinical management of patients with accrued PFCs.","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"657849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/657849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31791463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Biomonitoring and Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds and Polychlorinated Biphenyls through Perspiration: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study. 通过汗液进行全氟化合物和多氯联苯的生物监测和消除:血液、尿液和汗液研究。

ISRN Toxicology Pub Date : 2013-09-03 eCollection Date: 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/483832

Stephen J Genuis, Sanjay Beesoon, Detlef Birkholz

{"title":"Biomonitoring and Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds and Polychlorinated Biphenyls through Perspiration: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study.","authors":"Stephen J Genuis, Sanjay Beesoon, Detlef Birkholz","doi":"10.1155/2013/483832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/483832","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are man-made organofluorine chemicals manufactured and marketed for their stain-resistant properties. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are anthropogenic organochlorine compounds previously used in various industrial and chemical applications prior to being banned in the Western world in the 1970s. Both PFCs and PCBs are persistent contaminants within the human organism and both have been linked to adverse health sequelae. Data is lacking on effective means to facilitate clearance of PFCs and PCBs from the body. Methods. Blood, urine, and sweat were collected from 20 individuals (10 healthy participants and 10 participants with assorted health problems) and analyzed for PFCs and PCBs using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results. Some individual PCB congeners, but not all, were released into sweat at varying concentrations. None of the PFCs found in serum testing appeared to be excreted efficiently into perspiration. Conclusions. Induced perspiration may have some role in facilitating elimination of selected PCBs. Sweat analysis may be helpful in establishing the existence of some accrued PCBs in the human body. Sweating does not appear to facilitate clearance of accrued PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate), PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), or PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), the most common PFCs found in the human body. ","PeriodicalId":14674,"journal":{"name":"ISRN Toxicology","volume":"2013 ","pages":"483832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/483832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31773002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32