American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical effects of ethanolic extract from root bark of Salacia nitida L. benth in Plasmoduim berghei-malaria infected mice.","authors":"B. Nwiloh, A. Uwakwe, J. Akaninwor","doi":"10.5455/AJPBP.20181114070448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/AJPBP.20181114070448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000Aim: This study is designed to evaluate the biochemical effects of ethanolic extract from root bark of Salacia nitida in Plasmodium berghei-malaria infected mice. \u0000Methods: Fresh roots of S. nitida were collected in April, 2016. Thirty P. berghei-infected mice divided into five groups of six mice per group were used for the study against six uninfected mice as control. 280, 430 and 580 mg/kg body weight/day of the ethanolic extract from root bark of Salacia nitida were given to P. berghei-malaria infected mice in groups B, C and D; 4 mg/kg body weight/day of artesunate given to P. berghei-malaria infected mice in group E, while P. berghei-malaria infected mice in group A and the normal mice in group F were given 4 ml/kg body weight/day of physiological saline for eight days. Levels of various biochemical indices in the malaria infected mice and percentage body weights were evaluated. \u0000Results: Results obtained show significant increase (P < 0.05) in total protein, albumin, globulin, and decrease in the levels bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were recorded in the malaria infected treated mice. Percentage change in body weights of malaria infected treated mice were also increased. \u0000Conclusion: Results obtained from this study suggest that ethanolic extract from S. nitida root bark is effective in treatment of malaria.","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121408218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of rheumatoid factor of IgM, IgG and IgA isotypes with disease activity score 28 in patients of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"SanaZainab, M. Kashif, Romeeza Tahir, F. Shahzad, Aflak Rasheed, W. Latif, T. Mahmud, N. Afzal","doi":"10.5455/ajpbp.20181025040015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpbp.20181025040015","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/background: Rheumatoid factor (RF) is a widely used serological marker for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthriris (RA). RF can be detected in up to 70 to 80% of RA patients and it is associated with disease activity, bone erosion, and disease outcome. RF is an autoantibody targeting the 'fraction crystallizable' (Fc) region of IgG antibodies and exists as IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes. The objective of this study was to compare the RF isotypes IgM, IgG and IgA with disease activity score 28 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study, which included 83 RA patients. Blood samples of the patients were collected from the Department of Rheumatology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. The levels of different isotypes of RF i.e. IgM, IgG and IgA were determined by ELISA technique. Data was analysed by SPSS 20.0. \u0000Results: RF, IgM, IgG, and IgA isotype, was detected in 83%, 10%, and 40% of RA patients respectively. RF istoypes were compared with DAS28. There was no significant association between DAS 28 and RF IgM [Odd ratio (CI)] [0.5(0.07-3.18)], RF IgG [3.0(0.27-32.20)] and RF IgA [0.4(0.43-0.13)]. Disease duration was also compared with RF isotypes but no significant association found. There was no significant association between disease duration and RF IgM [Odd ratio (CI)] [1.4(0.46-4.86)], RF IgG [1.6(0.50-5.0)] and RF IgA [1.1(0.53-2.7)]. Conclusion: All the isotypes of RF were detected in RA patients. As a screening method for rheumatoid arthritis the IgM-RF is superior to other RF isotypes. RF titer may be valueable in estimation of disease activity and other inflammatory parameters in RA patients.","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124298049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory property and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of Crateva adansonii DC leaves","authors":"Chineye C. Umeti, F. Onajobi, E. M. Oboutor, G. Anyasor, E. Esan","doi":"10.5455/ajpbp.20181226090820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpbp.20181226090820","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was designed to determine the most active anti-inflammatory fraction of C. adansonii leaves and characterize the bioactive compounds. \u0000Methods: Dried and pulverized C. adansonii leaves (CAL) were extracted with 70% methanol, followed by successive solvent partitioning into hexane (CALH), ethyl acetate (CALE), butanol (CALB) and aqueous (CALA) leaf fractions. In vitro antioxidant assays carried out on the extract/fractions were DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays investigated were heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization against hypotonicity- induced hemolysis. Formaldehyde-induced inflammation model in rats was carried out, followed by paw edema measurement as well as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities assays. The ethyl acetate (CALE) fraction was subjected to GC-MS analytical method. \u0000Results: CAL extract and fractions substantially inhibited BSA denaturation and stabilized HRBC membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, however CALE exhibited the highest activity. CALE also suppressed formaldehyde-induced rat paw edema and significantly (p","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131982506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude ethanolic extract and fractions of buchholzia coriacea modifies salivary secretion and electrolyte compositions in rat","authors":"O. Odukanmi, A. Salami, M. Isa, S. Olaleye","doi":"10.5455/ajpbp.20190411102349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpbp.20190411102349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BC) has been reported for its potent antimalarial effect. Unlike certain established antimalarial drugs reported for their roles in modifying saliva flow and components, BC effect on saliva is unknown. The effect of BC on saliva flow and its components was investigated. \u0000Materials and Methods: Thirty Male Wistar rats 150.7 ± 13.3 g were used for the study. They were grouped into six (n=5) and treated with the various component of BC extract for 2 weeks. Group 1 (control) received distilled water, groups 2-6 received 200 mg/kg of the oily portion of the extract, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of the crude extract, 200 mg/kg absolute ethanol and 200 mg/kg aqueous ethanol fractions of BC respectively. Body weight, salivary flow rate, electrolyte compositions and morphological changes were determined using standard methods. Values were expressed as Mean ± standard error of mean, compared, analysed and considered significant at p","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127425176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported Hormonal Changes-associated with Fried Potato Chip Consumption among Female University Students in Saudi Arabia, Makkah: A cross section Study","authors":"A. Alansari","doi":"10.5455/ajpbp.20190217075702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpbp.20190217075702","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased consumption of fried potatoes among university female students is obviously noticed in recent years. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to describe the pattern of consumption of potato chips (PC) by the university female students and its effect on their self-reported hormonal reproductive status. \u0000Subjects and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on university female students in Home Science Education Department, Umm al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia over a six months’ period starting from January 2018 till July 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was electronically distributed to all students in the department. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). Significance was considered at p","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121138489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of storage conditions of antibiotics in pharmacies on efficacy loss of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline against strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the city of Lome.","authors":"Judith Abla Estelle Gnamey, Banfitebiyi Gambogou, Messanh Kangni Dossou, K. Anani, Y. Ameyapoh","doi":"10.5455/ajpbp.20190323032932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpbp.20190323032932","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000The resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is now a public health issue. The causes of such resistance are multiple and some are related to non-compliance with recommended doses of antibiotics. The storage conditions of antibiotics can have an impact on their effectiveness. Indeed, at a temperature above 30 ° C and a relative humidity above 60%, pharmaceutical presentations of antibiotics may lose their doses. The goal of our study was to evaluate the existence of a correlation between failures of antibiotic therapy and poor conservation of marketed antibiotics in the city of Lome. \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000We had prospected 5 pharmacies in the city of Lome and have collected in each 4 pharmaceutical presentations of antibiotics.These antibiotics are Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. Also, we isolated in two private laboratories in the city of Lome, 5 hospital strains of these following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Alkalescens-Dispar, Klebsiella pneumonia and two strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Reference strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used for analysis control.We carried out a prospective investigation and an analysis of the effectiveness of the antibiotics by the method of diffusion in agar medium. \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The survey results showed that all pharmacies surveyed had an ambient temperature above what is recommended. In vitro analysis of the efficacy of Amoxicillin on hospital strains of Escherichia coli revealed some resistances. \u0000Also, the in - vitro analysis of the Tetracycline on reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was found to be ineffective. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The storage conditions of these antibiotics, especially the temperature of their conservation, could be responsible of the loss of their effectiveness. It is possible that, in the city of Lome, some resistances of bacteria to marketed antibiotics are due to inappropriate conservation conditions of these products.","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121287512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea Linn. (Purslane) on male reproductive parameters in albino rats","authors":"V. Obinna, H. Kagbo, G. O. Agu","doi":"10.5455/AJPBP.20190124101830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/AJPBP.20190124101830","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To supply scientific information / literature on the use of P.oleracea in enhancing fertility in males; either to validate or to refute this folkloric use. This study investigated the effect of the lipophilic and hydrophilic leaf extracts of Portulaca oleracea on male reproductive parameters. \u0000Methods: The extracts were obtained using two extracting solvents – chloroform and 80% aqueous methanol in succession. Experimental animals were randomly divided into 7 groups of 16 rats each. Group A (control) received 0.5ml 20% Tween 80 (vehicle), groups B, C and D received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the lipophilic extract respectively and E, F and G received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the hydrophilic extract respectively for 60 days. On days 14, 28, 42 and 60; four rats from each group were weighed and anaesthetized for sample collection. Blood (for testosterone), testes (weight and histomorphology) and sperm cells from caudal epididymis (for semen analysis) were collected. \u0000Results: Both extracts had no significant (p>0.05) effect on testicular weight and histomorphology, and sperm cell characteristics but caused a significant (p","PeriodicalId":146536,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114177722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}