Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union最新文献

Tracking and comparing government responses to COVID-19 跟踪和比较政府对COVID-19的反应

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-3

L. Hantrais, M. Letablier

{"title":"Tracking and comparing government responses to COVID-19","authors":"L. Hantrais, M. Letablier","doi":"10.4324/9781003140719-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140719-3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the measures taken by governments to contain the spread of the virus, and the exit strategies they adopted to ease lockdown. Difficulties were encountered in collating precise, reliable and consistent data about the timing of the onset of COVID-19 and its peaks, the speed and intensity with which measures were implemented, and the strictness of their application. Some EU member states made recommendations and issued advice, others introduced restrictive measures progressively, while yet others declared an emergency and imposed a draconian lockdown with penalties for non-compliance. Various combinations of measures were introduced covering the banning of public events, social gatherings, internal and external travel, school and shop closures, and social distancing. Research institutions developed models for assessing the effectiveness of different measures in containing the disease, including a COVID-19 stringency index of government responses and lockdown rollback checklist. The analysis shows how, in many countries, the introduction of restrictive measures was less controversial than decisions about lifting or easing lockdown, as governments, ministers of finance and health grappled with conflicting interests, pressures and advice.","PeriodicalId":145634,"journal":{"name":"Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124561477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postface

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-6

L. Hantrais, Marie-Thérèse Letablier

引用次数: 0

Contextualising the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within the European Union 将2019冠状病毒病大流行的影响置于欧洲联盟的背景下

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-5

L. Hantrais, M. Letablier

{"title":"Contextualising the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within the European Union","authors":"L. Hantrais, M. Letablier","doi":"10.4324/9781003140719-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140719-5","url":null,"abstract":"The wide-ranging evidence accumulated in this book contests the value of comparisons based on a single dimension of the pandemic in a small number of EU member states, or with other countries in the world, if the statistics fail to take account of context. By drawing together the contextual dimensions examined in each of the preceding chapters, this chapter identifies overlapping clusters of countries that share comparable input variables – socio-demographic and epidemiological risk factors and policy settings – with a view to uncovering similarities and differences in outcomes as measured by COVID-19 cases and deaths. Granular analysis captures the great diversity of possible explanatory factors concealed within any single set of statistics or within clusters of countries. It shows that many of the factors considered to explain outcomes in specific spatial and temporal circumstances do not necessarily have the same explanatory value elsewhere. The implication is that certain policy interventions would not readily be transferable to different policy settings, at international, national or local levels, without contextually informed adaptations.","PeriodicalId":145634,"journal":{"name":"Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124746193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparing the impacts of COVID-19 across EU member states 比较新冠肺炎对欧盟成员国的影响

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-2

L. Hantrais, M. Letablier

{"title":"Comparing the impacts of COVID-19 across EU member states","authors":"L. Hantrais, M. Letablier","doi":"10.4324/9781003140719-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140719-2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter scrutinises the data available about the spread of COVID-19 across EU member states during the period when Europe was at the epicentre of the pandemic. The chapter begins by examining the different definitions and methodologies used to collect and collate data on the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. It identifies issues of data reliability and comparability. Analysis of compilations of full datasets for EU member states illustrates how the positioning of different countries in league tables varies as a result of differences in recording and reporting practices. An assessment based on the limited data available about excess deaths by age illustrates the impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates over time. Reference is made to the debate in the scientific community about the value of the R (reproduction) number and K (dispersion) factor in estimating the rate of transmission of the disease when used to assist policymakers in deciding whether to strengthen or ease lockdown. The conclusion considers to what extent expectations about the spread of COVID-19, based on socio-demographic indicators and information about the capacity of national public health systems, match the outcomes observed.","PeriodicalId":145634,"journal":{"name":"Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129796807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

European national public healthcare systems compared 欧洲各国公共医疗体系比较

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-1

L. Hantrais, M. Letablier

{"title":"European national public healthcare systems compared","authors":"L. Hantrais, M. Letablier","doi":"10.4324/9781003140719-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140719-1","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the socio-economic and public health settings within which coronavirus was to reach pandemic proportions. It begins with a review of public health data sources and their limitations before examining the reliability and comparability of the data collected in different socio-demographic, economic and political contexts. The chapter demonstrates the importance of situating comparisons in relation not only to key demographic indicators (population size, density and age distribution, and household composition), but also to the socio-economic environments in which national health systems are embedded. Both healthcare status and the capacity to prevent and react to health emergencies are examined. The review covers funding arrangements, levels of expenditure, provision of hospital and institutional care beds, various aspects of medical capacity, interventions to prevent diseases and preparedness to deal with public health emergencies. The conclusion considers how, in combination, socio-demographic characteristics and public health indicators can contribute to the comparative analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 in different policy settings.","PeriodicalId":145634,"journal":{"name":"Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127407187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of COVID-19 in policy contexts COVID-19在政策背景下的影响

Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Pub Date : 2020-11-05 DOI: 10.4324/9781003140719-4

L. Hantrais, M. Letablier

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 in policy contexts","authors":"L. Hantrais, M. Letablier","doi":"10.4324/9781003140719-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003140719-4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the ways in which EU member states dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic by setting information about the spread of the virus and the mitigation strategies adopted by governments at international, national and local levels in the context of their policy environments and the policymaking process. The chapter looks behind the headlines and statistics to explore the relationship between state power and public attitudes towards government interventions, drawing on data about public trust in politicians and scientists, to identify similarities and differences in policy responses and their impact on social and economic life. Fluctuations in public opinion and perceptions of government interventions are found to affect policy outcomes. The chapter shows how knowledge about the diversity of policy environments, administrative cultures and legislative frameworks in different countries can contribute to a better understanding of the performance of national governments and EU institutions in dealing with COVID-19 and preparing for future outbreaks of the pandemic. The conclusion reviews the impact of the pandemic on administrative structures and legal processes in different policy contexts.","PeriodicalId":145634,"journal":{"name":"Comparing and Contrasting the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127047748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0