Comparing the impacts of COVID-19 across EU member states

This chapter scrutinises the data available about the spread of COVID-19 across EU member states during the period when Europe was at the epicentre of the pandemic. The chapter begins by examining the different definitions and methodologies used to collect and collate data on the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. It identifies issues of data reliability and comparability. Analysis of compilations of full datasets for EU member states illustrates how the positioning of different countries in league tables varies as a result of differences in recording and reporting practices. An assessment based on the limited data available about excess deaths by age illustrates the impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates over time. Reference is made to the debate in the scientific community about the value of the R (reproduction) number and K (dispersion) factor in estimating the rate of transmission of the disease when used to assist policymakers in deciding whether to strengthen or ease lockdown. The conclusion considers to what extent expectations about the spread of COVID-19, based on socio-demographic indicators and information about the capacity of national public health systems, match the outcomes observed.