IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology最新文献_第9页

Benefits of Agroforestry on Smallholder Farms in Jigawa State, Nigeria 农林业对尼日利亚吉加瓦州小农农场的效益

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105033138

Attia M. El-Tantawi, A. Badr, Umar Saminu Daura

{"title":"Benefits of Agroforestry on Smallholder Farms in Jigawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Attia M. El-Tantawi, A. Badr, Umar Saminu Daura","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105033138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105033138","url":null,"abstract":"With about 80% of people in Jigawa involved in agriculture, it is safe to say agriculture lies at the heart of the economy in the state. However, a combination of crude implements, inadequate artificial fertilizers, all add to the tedious environmental setting in which farming is carried out. This study attempts to show how agroforestry practice yields much needed benefits in the study area. The study used multistage sampling; three zones in the state, Jigawa northwest, Jigawa northeast and Jigawa south. Out of each zone, 3 Local Government LGA were selected, out of which 50 respondents were purposively targeted from each community making an overall total 450 respondents. Descriptive statistics using mean, percentages and use of table and figures were used for the analysis. The results show that the benefits derived by the respondents are fertility maintenance 83%, fodder for livestock 81%, Micro-climate has moderation 66%. Increasingly as in other parts northern Nigeria, results show a number of tree species noted for their medicinal value are becoming extinct due to the pressures of demand both in forests and on farms. The study recommends boosting further research to conserve these disappearing species from extinction.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effect of of Lime andTannin Dosage Against Productivity ofSapofNatural and Planted Nypa Palm 石灰和单宁用量对天然和人工尼帕棕榈产皂能力的影响

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105011722

S. Budi, A. Akbar, J. Purnomo, S. Susi, Hisyam Musthafa Al Hakim

{"title":"Effect of of Lime andTannin Dosage Against Productivity ofSapofNatural and Planted Nypa Palm","authors":"S. Budi, A. Akbar, J. Purnomo, S. Susi, Hisyam Musthafa Al Hakim","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105011722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105011722","url":null,"abstract":"Research conducted by Akbar et all., (2015) showed that in general the Nypa Palmsap productivity remains low, whereas the required amount of sap relatively enough to produce the amount of brown sugar made many of them to be economical, there is no research about this, so research on productivity was needed. The research object is the population of Nypa Palm trees planted (J1) and a population of Nypa Palm trees that grow naturally (J2). In both populations tree fruit bunches is done wobble technique for tapping sap. The sap generated from both the tree population accommodated in containers that have been given treatment in the form of a mixture of lime and tannin (from jackfruit terrace), which is then measured to determine the sap productivity.The results showed that the average number of Nypa Palm sap obtained from measurements of the second week until the eighth week of each is 5,663 ml, 4,730 ml, 5,063 ml, 4,473 ml, 4,937 ml, 4,960 ml and 4,717 ml per stem per day. Dosage of a mixture of lime and tannin did not significantly affect the productivity of sap, but the type of Nypa Palm (naturalNypa Palm and plantedNypa Palm) has significant effect in which productivity of sap ofnatural Nypa Palm higher than the Nypa Palmsap of planted Nypa Palm with each value was 1,192.8 ml and 618.95 ml per stem per day.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83328217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study and Model Development of Algal Based Industrial Wastewater Treatment 藻类处理工业废水的实验研究及模型开发

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105040107

Tsado, D. G., A. M, Owolabi, O.E

{"title":"Experimental Study and Model Development of Algal Based Industrial Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Tsado, D. G., A. M, Owolabi, O.E","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105040107","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater contain certain chemical nutrients especially compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, and heavy metals which if discarded without treatment can lead to eutrophication and related environmental issues that affect the recycling processes of bio system. Currently, many efficient procedures exist for removing these nutrients but they usually present drawbacks in terms of cost-effectiveness, complexity of operation, waste generation (sludge) and/or high energy consumption. In order to overcome these problems, this research work focused on treating industrial wastewaters by using microalgae technology. Microalgae was cultivated on the industrial wastewater which provide not only water medium but also source of necessary nutrients suitable for algal cultivation, and thus treat the water by getting rid of these chemical nutrients. The algae selected for the study was spirulina sp. Various parameters like pH TDS, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammonium, Nitrogen, Phosphate and heavy metals were observed after the treatment. Percentage reduction rate of 35.6% (BOD), Algal productivity rate of 42% (average), and nitrogen reduction rate of 0.8% (average) were observed. Heavy metals involved such as iron, lead, cadmium and Zinc are found to decrease in the range of 60 to 80% per day and per growth of microalgae. Simulating the model for the effect of addition of CO2 into the pond, shows that at a flowrate of 10 m 3 /hour, 62.5% increase of algal productivity is achieved and the maximum productivity is reached at 25 m 3 /hour. The rate of productivity improvement gradually reduces as the gas flowrate increases. In the end of the studies, the simulation provides useful insights into optimal approaches for algal growth and thereby reducing costly experimental efforts. Therefore using microalgae is an environmentally safe alternative for treating wastewater as evident by algal growth rate, productivity and nutrient removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":"01-07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74589595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Levels of Selenium in Vegetables, Medicinal Plants and Soils from Selected Sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority Catchment, Nigeria 尼日利亚下贝努埃河流域发展局集水区选定地点蔬菜、药用植物和土壤中的硒含量

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105032130

A. Oklo, R. Sha’Ato, I. S. Eneji, M. Igyor

{"title":"Levels of Selenium in Vegetables, Medicinal Plants and Soils from Selected Sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority Catchment, Nigeria","authors":"A. Oklo, R. Sha’Ato, I. S. Eneji, M. Igyor","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105032130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105032130","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of Selenium (Se) in vegetables, medicinal plants and soils from selected sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority catchment (spanning latitudes 6o 15’ and 9o 10’N and longitudes 6o 22’ and 10o 25’E) were determined as part of investigations of the element’s biogeochemistry in the area. Seventy eight (78) plant and forty (40) agricultural soil samples were obtained from eight sites in the study area and their levels of Se determined using the simple, sensitive and selective 2, 4-DNPH-NEDA spectrophotometric method. Results obtained showed soil Se in the whole area was in the range 1.0 x 10 -4 – 97.0 x 10 -4 mg/kg, with an average of 44.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0020 mg/kg, while the mean Se levels in vegetables and medicinal plants were 217.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0105 mg/kg and 206.0 x 10 -4 ±0.01 mg/kg respectively. These results show that Se in the soils and vegetation in the area is lower compared to literature reports. The Lower Benue Valley (LBV; coordinates of longitudes 7°00'E and 8°30'E and latitudes 5°00'N and 6°30'N) in Nigeria where HIV/AIDS prevalence is historically fairly high and considering the role of Se in the progression of this disease we embarked on studies of the phytopedochemical distribution of the element in the areas including LBV.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89207796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚叶菜中重金属积累的研究

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105015768

W. Gezahegn

{"title":"Study of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables of Ethiopia","authors":"W. Gezahegn","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105015768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105015768","url":null,"abstract":"Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique was applied for determination of heavy metals present in some selected varieties of leafy vegetables, mostly consumed in Ethiopia such as Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata), Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa var.capitata), chard (Beta vulgaris), cauliflower (brassica oleracea.var.botrytis), Cabbage, Collard green (brassica oleracea), Siberian kale (Brassica napus var.pabularia) and Russian kale collected from Akaki, Kera and Debre Berhan. The concentration of 9 heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, As and Pb) were analyzed in the selected leafy vegetables. The foodstuffs examined for metal constituents are the basis of human nutrition in the study area except Siberian kale and Russian kale. The highest level of heavy metals were found in vegetables which are grown in Akaki and Kera, compared to samples of Debre Berhan , because Debre Berhan city is the place with no specific type of pollution. Metal levels observed in different sources were compared with WHO/FAO, and established permissible levels reported by different authors. Accumulation of most of the heavy metals in vegetables studied was higher than the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999), with the exception of copper, iron, cobalt and nickel, which exhibited lowlying content. Among all selected leafy vegetables, Swiss chard accumulate much higher concentrations of metals and toxic metals like As and Pb was not detected in Abyssinia kale collected from Debre Berhan.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Long-term Observation of Atmospheric Pollution in an Industrial Region in North-East Bulgaria during 2000-2015: Possibilities to Improve Air Quality 2000-2015年期间保加利亚东北部工业区大气污染的长期观测:改善空气质量的可能性

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105023142

R. Chuturkova

{"title":"Long-term Observation of Atmospheric Pollution in an Industrial Region in North-East Bulgaria during 2000-2015: Possibilities to Improve Air Quality","authors":"R. Chuturkova","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105023142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105023142","url":null,"abstract":"A long-term research was made (2000-2015) of air pollution in the industrial region of Devnya, located in North-east Bulgaria. It has powerful industrial enterprises of great significance for the national economy: production of soda ash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers, clinker and cement, as well as a coalfired thermal power plant. Basic pollutants were studied: SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, NH3 and C6H6. The results indicate a significant decrease in the concentrations of all air pollutants after the introduction of the IPPC permits for the industrial and combustion plants (2005-2006) for the implementation of best available techniques, efficient purification facilities of waste gases, and strict control of harmful substances. The concentrations of pollutants at the end of period are much lower than in comparison with the start of the study, and the differences are of high statistical significance (0.001 ≤ Р ≤ 0.05). Implementation of the measures in IPPC permits, as well as measures aimed at lightand heavy-duty vehicles, fugitive emissions, an information campaign among the population regarding the quality of the fuels used and their impact on air pollution, as well as energy efficiency of buildings and its impact on fuel consumption, etc., are contributing to improving air quality.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74493580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Polyhydroxybutyrate as Bio-Degradable Plastic – A Review 聚羟基丁酸酯作为生物可降解塑料的研究进展

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105011012

K. ShivalkarYadav, R. Prabha

引用次数: 1

Assessment of Surface Runoff Change Due to Urbanization Growth in Heliopolis Basin Heliopolis流域城市化进程对地表径流变化的影响

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1104029095

A. Elmoustafa, E. S. Helmy

引用次数: 1

Testing For Added Water in Milk with Handheld LCR Meter 手持式LCR法测定牛奶中添加的水分

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105012330

S. Rendevski, Ahmed Sulaiman Ali Alghanbeer Alkhanbouli, Khaled Saif Mohamed Ali Al Shaabi, S. A. Ahmed

引用次数: 2

Biochemical and Microbiological Characterization of White Tea 白茶的生化和微生物特性

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.9790/2402-1105037480

G. Saha, S. Choudhury, B. Bera, P. Kumar

引用次数: 4