Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference最新文献

{"title":"A Water-Base Drilling Fluid for Controlling Deep-Reservoir Extreme Conditions in an Abu Dhabi Gas Shale Play","authors":"G. Mănescu, Balazs Veer, Panamarathupalayam Balakrishnan, C. Arena, Benoit Allias, Clotaire Eyaa","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drilling for hydrocarbons in the extreme reservoir pressure and temperature remains one of the most challenging operation, especially related to drilling fluids. A combination of excellent teamwork and fluids technology proved to be the recipe for successfully drilling in these extreme conditions for TotalEnergies shale-gas play, onshore Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.\u0000 The success on drilling deep (6,200mMD), long lateral displacement (2,000m) wells with an integrated global operator is a balance, dependent on frequent and transparent communication between the team members, of excellence in well planning, extensive laboratory testing, procurement and supply of resources, flawless field execution, and a diligent post-well review with the operator. More commendable is this success was achieved while dealing with operational challenges amplified by the pandemic restrictions on personnel and materials movement.\u0000 The design of the environmentally and economically acceptable aqueous fluid met stringent fluid design criteria, wellbore and temperature stability for drilling and data acquisition performance goals. The high-density HT drilling fluid is designed to have the minimum amount of solids by using a Sodium Chloride combined with a Sodium Bromide brine, weighted up with ultra-fine grind barite. Viscosity and fluid-loss are controlled with a unique additive, a dual-function, branched synthetic polymer.\u0000 The environmentally acceptable aqueous drilling fluid delivered a barite sag-free operation in these highly deviated wellbores, delivering a balance between a low-equivalent circulating density and excellent hole cleaning, compatibility with the reservoir formation, and long-term stability to enable logging with no formation closure in a deep, high temperature drilling environment. Additional achievements of the fluid were the low HPHT filtration, good lubricity for increased rate of penetration, and reusability on the subsequent wells thus improving the sustainability profile by reducing disposal. Successful coring and extended wire logging the reservoir section was an excellent test for this fluid.\u0000 The balance between a brine base, filtrate-loss, and viscosity-increase additive for fluid design, coupled with excellent field engineering provides the long-term thermal stability of a drilling fluid able to tackle drilling a reservoir reaching a depth past 6 kilometers.","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129417390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Iteratively Coupled Model for Flow, Deformation, and Fracture Propagation in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs","authors":"H. Rashid, O. Olorode, C. Chukwudozie","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208314","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121487891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Analysis of Improved Swelling and Degradable Diverting Agent for Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing","authors":"K. Ikebata, Tomoki Onishi, K. Furui, S. Mandai, Y. Hirano, Yuya Kanamori, Bessie Psihogios, R. Taniguchi","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208338","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fracturing fluid diversion plays a crucial role in maximizing the well productivity of multistage fractured wells. Proper sizing and material design of diverting agents are key elements to effectively bridge and plug perforations and fractures during treatment. In this study, we present an improved design for a water-soluble diverting agent that can cover a range of fracture widths. In addition, a wellbore flow model that predicts the swelling and dissolution behaviors of diverting agents flowing from the surface to the fractures was developed for field applications.\u0000 Butenediol vinyl alcohol copolymer (BVOH), which has elastic and sticking properties in water, is used as a diverting agent. Cylindrical pellets and smaller sized powder, made from the polymer, were mixed to bridge and plug hydraulic fractures. BVOH diverting agents were evaluated for slit widths of 1–4 mm with different pellet geometries using a high-pressure and high-temperature filtration apparatus. The swelling and dissolution rates depend on many parameters such as the temperature, dissolution time, crystallinity degree, and geometry. In this study, empirical correlations that predict the swelling and dissolution rates of BVOH polymers for various formulations were developed and implemented in a wellbore flow model that simulates fluid flow and heat transfer during pumping operations. A theoretical case study of a multistage hydraulic fracturing treatment was also presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the treatment.\u0000 The filtration test results with various diverting agent designs indicate that the length and diameter of the pellets affect the performance and effectiveness of the bridging and plugging fracture-like slits. Moreover, an optimum pellet size exists for different slit sizes. With modified pellet size and diameter ratios, wider slits of 3–4 mm can be effectively plugged by diverting agents with reduced leakoff volumes. The swelling and dissolution models correlated well with the experimental data, considering the temperature, dissolution time, and crystallinity degree. The case studies presented in this study illustrate that the models can predict the time required for the diverting agents to dissolve under field conditions and determine whether the diverting agents pumped into the well provide sufficient conditions for diversion. Furthermore, the study results indicate that the pump rate and injection conditions before pumping the diverting agent are key controlling factors in determining the dynamic downhole temperatures and thus affect the time required for the degradation of the diverting agent. In addition, a field trial result is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the swellable, BVOH diverting agent at low downhole temperatures, and hydraulic fracturing treatment in the Permian Basin.\u0000 Swelling diverting agents exhibit a more elastic behavior than existing particulate diverting agents. Swelling polymers are less abrasive a","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124024020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Model Ranking Approach for Liquid Loading Onset Predictions","authors":"Hao Jia, Jianjun Zhu, Guangqiang Cao, Ying Lu, Bo Lu, Haiwen Zhu","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208376","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As a natural gas well ages, liquid loading is frequently encountered, leading to the decrease of gas production rate and many other side effects, which may in turn cease the gas production. Thus, to accurately predict liquid loading onset is of significant importance in gas wells for the sake of stable production. With years of research and development in the natural gas industry, the liquid loading onset prediction models prevail in the existing literature. Based on varying mechanisms (e.g., droplet falling back, liquid film reversal, etc.), the critical gas velocities or flow rates corresponding to flow pattern transitions in gas wells can then be calculated. However, a universally validated model, whether empirical or non-empirical, that is applicable to predict the onset of liquid loading in versatile gas wells conditions (e.g., horizontal, vertical, and inclined) is, as yet, still unavailable.\u0000 In this paper, we conduct a complete literature review and investigation of these existing liquid loading onset prediction models. First, we obtained detailed information of more than 600 gas wells, including well geometries, gas properties, operation conditions, and so on, from different gas fields. Then, we evaluate the validity of various liquid loading onset prediction models by use of a novel model ranking approach. To fully account for the effects of gas well properties (including but not limited to production, wellhead pressure, and pipe diameter) to the model prediction accuracy, the proposed method in this paper employs data clustering and normalization techniques, as well as the statistical relative error analysis, to rank and select the best suitable model for each specific gas well. Extensive comparison and verification of the ranking approach indicate that the proposed method provides a good reference for the rational production allocation and stable production of gas wells.","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Porothermoelastic Model Considering the Dynamic Temperature-Perturbation Boundary Effect for Borehole Stability in Fractured Porous Rocks","authors":"Jiajia Gao, Hai Lin, Jin Sun, X. Chen, Huixian Wang, Xianfeng Liu","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208266","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Conventional drilling design tends to inappropriately predict the mud density required for borehole stability of deep fractured porous rocks, such as shale, tight sandstone, and hot dry rock, because it is treated as a single-porosity case and even introduces the influence of weak plane to cover the effect on the fracture system. When the external loadings are applied, fractured porous rocks naturally display two different poromechanical responses of the matrix system and the fracture system considering respective hydraulic and mechanical properties. Besides, the constant temperature difference between the drilling mud and formation rock is often chosen as a boundary condition to solve the temperature balance equation, and thus the incorrect prediction of temperature variations of fractured rock further leads to inappropriate evaluation of the pore pressure and stress fields considering the thermo-hydromechanical (THM) coupling (porothermoelastic model), since a dynamic temperature-perturbation boundary condition related to the temperature at the borehole wall actually accounts for the circulating effect of the drilling mud. Therefore, this paper first uses the Surname et al. (1995) model in combination with the circulating temperature-fields model of Raymond (Raymond 1969) to obtain a set of fully transient analytical solutions to circulating temperature fields, including the four types of temperature inside the drilling pipe, borehole annulus, at the borehole wall, and formation. Furthermore, under local thermal equilibrium (LTE) condition, one considers the dynamic temperature-perturbation boundary condition and provides semianalytical porothermoelastic solutions to the field variables around a vertical borehole subjected to nonhydrostatic stresses in fractured porous rock with dual porosity and dual permeability. The solutions for field variables are obtained in line with the plane strain assumption. The variables include displacements, stresses, and two pore pressures of the matrix system and fracture system. The model is verified by the analytical solutions in the case of a porous medium with a single-porosity one under LTE condition. The main results show that the dual-porosity medium displays a higher borehole instability potential than the single-porosity one. This increasingly cooling effect increases the higher risk of the tensile transverse fracturing when the constant temperature-perturbation boundary condition chooses a smaller temperature difference than that of the dynamic case at a later time. The drilling mud-pressure window narrows with increasing time when the coupled porothermoelastic model is considered. It suggests that the drilling engineer takes into consideration the dynamic temperature-perturbation boundary effect, fracture spacing, and fracture width into the predrilling design of the time-dependent safe mud-pressure window (SMPW).","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126949497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study on Mechanical Performance of Titanium Drill Pipe in Severe Doglegs","authors":"Yisheng Mou, Hao Yu, Zhanghua Lian, Qiangui Zhang, Yuheng Tuo","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129956773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Averaging Predictions of Rate-Time Models Using Bayesian Leave-Future-Out Cross-Validation and the Bayesian Bootstrap in Probabilistic Unconventional Production Forecasting","authors":"L. R. Ruiz Maraggi, L. Lake, M. P. Walsh","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129043595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Include Scale-Dependent Surface Roughness in Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation","authors":"A. Movassagh, S. Salimzadeh, Elaheh Arjomand, M. Haghighi","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"2 s1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132360560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Deep Resistivity 3D Inversion Reveals Third Dimension of Faulted Turbidite Sand, Deepwater Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"K. H. Kok, Sze-Fong Kho, S. Paramanathan, A. Ting, Valsan Vevakanandan, A. Numpang, Doreen Dayah, Roslan Mokhtar, Mohd Nazmi Othman","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134583724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Crossflow Among Fractures in Multiply Fractured Horizontal Wells in Unconventional Reservoirs","authors":"Yawen Liu, I. Ershaghi","doi":"10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2021-208363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145267,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133879352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}