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Nucleation and Growth of Crystalline Grains in RF-Sputtered TiO 2 Films rf溅射tio2薄膜中晶粒的成核和生长
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2009-10-12 DOI: 10.1155/2009/280797
J. C. Johnson, S. P. Ahrenkiel, P. Dutta, V. Bommisetty
{"title":"Nucleation and Growth of Crystalline Grains in RF-Sputtered TiO 2 Films","authors":"J. C. Johnson, S. P. Ahrenkiel, P. Dutta, V. Bommisetty","doi":"10.1155/2009/280797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/280797","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous TiO2 thin films were radio frequency sputtered onto siliconmonoxide and carbon support films on molybdenum transmission electron microscope (TEM) grids and observed during in situ annealing in a TEM heating stage at 250∘C. The evolution of crystallization is consistent with a classical model of homogeneous nucleation and isotropic grain growth. The two-dimensional grain morphology of the TEM foil allowed straightforward recognition of amorphous and crystallized regions of the films, for measurement of crystalline volume fraction and grain number density. By assuming that the kinetic parameters remain constant beyond the onset of crystallization, the final average grain size was computed, using an analytical extrapolation to the fully crystallized state. Electron diffraction reveals a predominance of the anatase crystallographic phase.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"721 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127469132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Protein fibrillar hydrogels for three-dimensional tissue engineering 三维组织工程用蛋白纤维水凝胶
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2009-08-31 DOI: 10.1155/2009/614301
Hui-cheng Yan, A. Nykänen, J. Ruokolainen, D. Farrar, A. Miller
{"title":"Protein fibrillar hydrogels for three-dimensional tissue engineering","authors":"Hui-cheng Yan, A. Nykänen, J. Ruokolainen, D. Farrar, A. Miller","doi":"10.1155/2009/614301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/614301","url":null,"abstract":"Protein self-assembly into highly ordered fibrillar aggregates has attracted increasing attention over recent years, due primarily to its association with disease states such as Alzheimer's. More recently, however, research has focused on understanding the generic behavior of protein self-assembly where fibrillation is typically induced under harsh conditions of low pH and/or high temperature. Moreover the inherent properties of these fibrils, including their nanoscale dimension, environmental responsiveness, and biological compatibility, are attracting substantial interest for exploiting these fibrils for the creation of new materials. Here we will show how protein fibrils can be formed under physiological conditions and their subsequent gelation driven using the ionic strength of cell culture media while simultaneously incorporating cells homogeneously throughout the gel network. The fibrillar and elastic nature of the gel have been confirmed using cryo-transmission electron microscopy and oscillatory rheology, respectively; while cell culture work shows that our hydrogels promote cell spreading, attachment, and proliferation in three dimensions.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114179254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Processing and Electrochemical Property Characterization of Nanoporous Electrodes for Sustainable Energy Applications 可持续能源应用纳米多孔电极的制备及电化学性能表征
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2009-07-12 DOI: 10.1155/2009/313962
Jenny He, Shruti M. Baharani, Y. Gan
{"title":"Processing and Electrochemical Property Characterization of Nanoporous Electrodes for Sustainable Energy Applications","authors":"Jenny He, Shruti M. Baharani, Y. Gan","doi":"10.1155/2009/313962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/313962","url":null,"abstract":"Preparation and electrocatalytic reactions of nanoporous materials in biodegradable fluids were studied. Electrochemical etching was conducted to selectively extract metallic elements from alloys to form porous structures. Electrocatalytic properties of the porous electrodes were characterized. Comparative studies on the electrochemical\u0000activities of the nanoporous metallic electrodes with bulk metallic wire catalysts were performed. It is found that the current density at the nanoporous electrode is three times higher than that of the bulk electrode.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127527288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Development of SBR-Nanoclay Composites with Epoxidized Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer 以环氧化天然橡胶为相容剂的sbr -纳米粘土复合材料的研制
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2009-06-14 DOI: 10.1155/2009/405153
R. Rajasekar, G. Heinrich, A. Das, C. Das
{"title":"Development of SBR-Nanoclay Composites with Epoxidized Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer","authors":"R. Rajasekar, G. Heinrich, A. Das, C. Das","doi":"10.1155/2009/405153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/405153","url":null,"abstract":"The significant factor that determines the improvement of properties in rubber by the incorporation of nanoclay is its distribution in the rubber matrix. The simple mixing of nonpolar rubber and organically modified nanoclay will not contribute for the good dispersion of nanofiller in the rubbery matrix. Hence a polar rubber like epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) can be used as a compatibilizer in order to obtain a better dispersion of the nanoclay in the matrix polymer. Epoxidized natural rubber and organically modified nanoclay composites (EC) were prepared by solution mixing. The nanoclay employed in this study is Cloisite 20A. The obtained nanocomposites were incorporated in styrene butadiene-rubber (SBR) compounds with sulphur as a curing agent. The morphology observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) shows that the nanoclay is highly intercalated in ENR, and further incorporation of EC in SBR matrix leads to partial exfoliation of the nanoclay. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed an increase in storage modulus and lesser damping characteristics for the compounds containing EC loading in SBR matrix. In addition, these compounds showed improvement in the mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"423 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132062930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Nanostructural Formation of Pd-Co Bimetallic Complex on HOPG Surfaces: XPS and AFM Studies HOPG表面Pd-Co双金属配合物纳米结构的形成:XPS和AFM研究
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2009/971423
Lisandra Arroyo-Ramírez, R. Montano-Serrano, R. Raptis, C. Cabrera
{"title":"Nanostructural Formation of Pd-Co Bimetallic Complex on HOPG Surfaces: XPS and AFM Studies","authors":"Lisandra Arroyo-Ramírez, R. Montano-Serrano, R. Raptis, C. Cabrera","doi":"10.1155/2009/971423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/971423","url":null,"abstract":"A new single source approach was developed to synthesize Pd-Co nanoparticles using a bimetallic compound, [Et3NH]2[CoPd2(𝜇-4-I-3,5-Me2pz)4Cl4](CoPd2), as a molecular precursor to obtain dispersed catalyst on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, in view of preparing oxygen reduction catalysts for low temperature fuel cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed to characterize the nanostructure formations and to determine the composition and morphology of the complex on the HOPG. Results of high resolution XPS analysis (HR-XPS) revealed the binding energies corresponding to the atomic constituents of the precursor. When the precursor solution was placed on the surface of the HOPG, the bimetallic complex assumes a tubular structure and it appears that the surface of the HOPG offers a ground for the self-organization of nanostructural formations.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130109435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Growth of Functional FeTi Clusters Covered with Carbon Layer 覆盖碳层功能FeTi团簇的生长
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2008-12-22 DOI: 10.1155/2008/734940
C. Kaito, A. Kumamoto, R. Ono, Yoshio Saito, S. Morikawa
{"title":"Growth of Functional FeTi Clusters Covered with Carbon Layer","authors":"C. Kaito, A. Kumamoto, R. Ono, Yoshio Saito, S. Morikawa","doi":"10.1155/2008/734940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/734940","url":null,"abstract":"FeTi clusters with a diameter of less than 10 nm and covered with a graphitic layer have been preferentially produced in an H2 gas atmosphere at pressures of 10 and 26.6 kPa by the simultaneous evaporation of Fe and Ti wires from a concave carbon boat. To compare this result with cluster formation in an inert gas atmosphere, the result for an Ar gas pressure of 10 kPa is also discussed. The formation of disordered FeNi clusters predominately took place in an H2 gas atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132945446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Method for Fabricating Arrays of Nanopatterns with the Feature Size beyond Diffraction Limit 一种特征尺寸超过衍射极限的纳米图案阵列的制备方法
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2008-12-14 DOI: 10.1155/2008/492478
Shuhong Li, Lifang Shi, Xiaochun Dong, C. Du, Yudong Zhang
{"title":"A Method for Fabricating Arrays of Nanopatterns with the Feature Size beyond Diffraction Limit","authors":"Shuhong Li, Lifang Shi, Xiaochun Dong, C. Du, Yudong Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2008/492478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/492478","url":null,"abstract":"A convenient lithographic technique is proposed in this paper, which can be used to produce subdiffraction-limit arrays of nanopatterns over large areas (about several square centimeters). An array of polystyrene spheres (PS) is arranged on the surface of a layer of silver which has a thickness of about tens of nanometers. With the normal illumination light of wavelength 365 nm perpendicular to the substrate, PS can generate an array of optical patterns with high intensity at their contact points with silver. By designing the silver slab, the evanescent waves that carry subwavelength information about the optical patterns are substantially enhanced, while propagating components are restrained. In the photoresist which is on the other side of silver, the optical intensity is redistributed and subdiffraction-limit patterns are obtained after exposure and development. Simulation by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and experiments were carried out to verify the technique. The results show that by using PS with diameter of 600 nm, nanopatterns with dimension of less than 80 nm can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117161077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
PHOTO- AND ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED REACTIVE EVAPORATED MOO3 THIN FILMS GROWN ON FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES 在柔性衬底上生长的活化反应蒸发moo3薄膜的光致变色和电致变色性能
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2008-12-04 DOI: 10.1155/2008/217510
K. Krishna, O. M. Hussain, C. Guillén
{"title":"PHOTO- AND ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED REACTIVE EVAPORATED MOO3 THIN FILMS GROWN ON FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES","authors":"K. Krishna, O. M. Hussain, C. Guillén","doi":"10.1155/2008/217510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/217510","url":null,"abstract":"The molybdenum trioxide () thin films were grown onto ITO-coated flexible Kapton substrates using plasma assisted activated reactive evaporation technique. The film depositions were carried out at constant glow power and oxygen partial pressures of 8 W and Torr, respectively. The influence of substrate temperature on the microstructural and optical properties was investigated. The thin films prepared at a substrate temperature of 523 K were found to be composed of uniformly distributed nanosized grains with an orthorhombic structure of \u0000-. These nanocrystalline thin films exhibited higher optical transmittance of about 80% in the visible region with an \u0000evaluated optical band gap of 3.29 eV. With the insertion of 12.5 mC/, the films exhibited an optical modulation of 40% in the visible region with coloration efficiency of \u000022 /C at the wavelength of 550 nm. The films deposited at 523 K demonstrated better photochromic properties and showed highest \u0000color center concentration for the irradiation time of 30 minutes at 100 mW/.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122115789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Analysis of Polymorphic Nanocrystals of TiO2 by X-Ray Rietveld Refinement and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy: Acetaldehyde Decomposition 用x射线Rietveld细化和高分辨率透射电子显微镜分析TiO2的多晶纳米晶体:乙醛分解
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2008-08-03 DOI: 10.1155/2008/138468
R. Carrera, N. Castillo, E. Arce, A. L. Vazquez, M. Morán-pineda, J. A. Montoya, P. Angel, S. Castillo
{"title":"Analysis of Polymorphic Nanocrystals of TiO2 by X-Ray Rietveld Refinement and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy: Acetaldehyde Decomposition","authors":"R. Carrera, N. Castillo, E. Arce, A. L. Vazquez, M. Morán-pineda, J. A. Montoya, P. Angel, S. Castillo","doi":"10.1155/2008/138468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/138468","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, TiO2 nanocrystals were synthesized by the sol-gel method. These materials were annealed at 200 and 500∘C; and characterized by the XRD-Rietveld refinement; and by BET and TEM. As for the low-temperature-treated sample (200∘C), nanocrystals with small crystallite sizes (7 nm) and high abundance of anatase, coexisting with the brookite phase, were obtained. Meanwhile, the sample annealed at 500∘C showed an increased crystallite size (22 nm) and an important polymorphic increment. The sample annealed at 200∘C showed a high activity in the photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Fluorescence Biosensors for Pathogen Recognition in Water Systems 单壁碳纳米管作为荧光生物传感器用于水系统病原体识别
Research Letters in Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2008-06-19 DOI: 10.1155/2008/156358
V. Upadhyayula, S. Ghoshroy, V. Nair, Geoffrey B. Smith, M. Mitchell, S. Deng
{"title":"Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Fluorescence Biosensors for Pathogen Recognition in Water Systems","authors":"V. Upadhyayula, S. Ghoshroy, V. Nair, Geoffrey B. Smith, M. Mitchell, S. Deng","doi":"10.1155/2008/156358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/156358","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aggregates as fluorescence sensors for pathogen recognition in drinking water treatment applications has been studied. Batch adsorption study is conducted to adsorb large concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus aureus SH 1000 and Escherichia coli pKV-11 on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Subsequently the immobilized bacteria are detected with confocal microscopy by coating the nanotubes with fluorescence emitting antibodies. The Freundlich adsorption equilibrium constant (k) for S.aureus and E.coli determined from batch adsorption study was found to be 9×108 and 2×108 ml/g, respectively. The visualization of bacterial cells adsorbed on fluorescently modified carbon nanotubes is also clearly seen. The results indicate that hydrophobic single-walled carbon nanotubes have excellent bacterial adsorption capacity and fluorescent detection capability. This is an important advancement in designing fluorescence biosensors for pathogen recognition in water systems.","PeriodicalId":145228,"journal":{"name":"Research Letters in Nanotechnology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128289146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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