{"title":"G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Obstructive Lung Disease","authors":"Tonio Pera, R. Penn","doi":"10.1201/B20699-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ion Channel Trafficking in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells and Functional Significance","authors":"M. Leo, J. Jaggar","doi":"10.1201/B20699-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125273422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Thompson, R. Britt, A. Roesler, K. Cummings, C. Pabelick, Y. Prakash
{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Airway Smooth Muscle","authors":"M. Thompson, R. Britt, A. Roesler, K. Cummings, C. Pabelick, Y. Prakash","doi":"10.1201/B20699-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133428306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. McCarron, C. Saunter, Calum Wilson, J. Girkin, S. Chalmers
{"title":"Mitochondria Structure and Position in the Local Control of Calcium Signals in Smooth Muscle Cells","authors":"J. McCarron, C. Saunter, Calum Wilson, J. Girkin, S. Chalmers","doi":"10.1201/B20699-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-9","url":null,"abstract":"Features of Ca2+ signals including the amplitude, duration, frequency and location are encoded by various physiological stimuli. These features of the signals are decoded by cells to selectively activate smooth muscle functions that include contraction and proliferation [1–3]. Central, therefore, to an appreciation of how smooth muscle is controlled is an understanding of the regulation of Ca2+. In smooth muscle, Ca2+ signals arise from two major sources. The first is the extracellular space from which Ca2+ enters the cell via channels such as voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels and various members of the transient receptor potential channel family. The second major Ca2+ source is the internal Ca2+ store (sarcoplasmic reticulum; SR) [4–6]. The SR accumulates Ca2+ using sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) and Ca2+ is released from the SR via the ligand-gated channel/receptor complexes, the IP3 receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR). Release of Ca2+ via IP3R is activated by IP3 generated in response to many G-protein or tyrosine kinase-linked receptor activators including drugs [7,8]. RyR may be activated pharmacologically (e.g., caffeine), by Ca2+ influx from outside the cell in the process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), or when the stores Ca2+ content exceeds normal physiological values, that is in store overload [2,9–12].Activation of either Ca2+ influx or Ca2+ release results in an increase of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) from the resting value of ~100 nM to ~1 μM for many seconds throughout the cell, and transiently (e.g., 100 ms) to much higher values (e.g., 50 µM) in small parts of the cytoplasm close to sites of influx or Ca2+ release. These local Ca2+ signals begin with the opening of one or a few channels, allowing a large flux of the ion into the cytoplasm. Influx to the cytoplasm via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels occurs at rates of ~0.6 million Ca2+ ions per second per channel (0.2 pA current). The influx generates a significant local concentration gradient near the channel in which [Ca2+] declines from ~10 μM to ~100 nM over a few hundred nanometers from the plasma membrane [2,13–17]. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel open time is brief (~1 ms) and the gradient dissipates rapidly with rates of change in the subplasma membrane space on the order of ~5000 μM s−1 [2] as compared to a much slower rate of ~0.5 μM s−1 in the bulk cytoplasm [2] after a global [Ca2+] rise [18,19]. The large difference in rate of decline in the subplasma membrane space and bulk cytoplasm arise because local changes are driven mostly by buffering and diffusion while the slower rate of decline in bulk cytoplasm is determined by pumps. High local [Ca2+] and the rapid rates of change near channels may target processes with rapid Ca2+ binding kinetics to selectively activate particular functions [20–23]. The high local [Ca2+] signals arising from influx also, in turn, may activate IP3R or RyR to","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131701688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Ion Channels in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Function","authors":"G. Petkov","doi":"10.1201/B20699-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods for Investigating the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Excitability by Interstitial Cells","authors":"B. Drumm, K. Sanders","doi":"10.1201/B20699-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126087325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating Chloride Channels in Smooth Muscle","authors":"H. A. Page, I. Greenwood","doi":"10.1201/B20699-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/B20699-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":144890,"journal":{"name":"Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle","volume":"375 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113997409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}