International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Sustaining the agriculture: practices, challenges and opportunities of integrating indigenous and modern methods of soil fertility management in rural Ethiopia. The case study of Bore district, southern Ethiopia.","authors":"M. Guye","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.047","url":null,"abstract":"Steady declining of soil productivity aggravated by diminishing per capita holdings of arable land poses a severe threat to sustainability of agricultural production and livelihoods for the majority of the farming population in rural Ethiopia. Farming mechanism and strategies in Ethiopian agriculture is mainly focus on technological transfer which put loose attention to local soil fertility management practices. Thus, aggregately, less production is being achieved. Hence, the only use of modern science in diverse agro-ecological zone of farming area and complex socio-economic conditions of the people has failed to ensure sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, across the world however, there is significant recognition of the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in many development dimensions which is not exceptional to soil fertility management. However, in Ethiopia the absence of effective linkage between IK and modern science in land management in general and soil in particular is the most probable problems that hinder the effectiveness of the development of agriculture. Therefore, the attempt of this paper work was to assess the integration of indigenous and modern methods of soil fertility management measures and prominent challenges in sustaining agriculture at rural Ethiopia. Three kebeles from the study district that found at different agro-ecological zone were purposively selected. It was due to visible intense practices of indigenous soil fertility management measures. Out of 1422 household residents under the three agro-ecological zones, 142 household farmers were randomly selected using simple random sampling procedure. Questionnaire surveys, key informant interview and observation checklist were data gathering tools used. As the finding, the use of chemical fertilizer was not only lesser but also far below what is normally recommended per hectare. This was due to a number of inconveniences (i.e., wealth difference, high price of farm inputs, in sufficient credit, and untimely supply of the fertilizer), and therefore, retarded the practices for ensuring food security. There is integration of the two bodies of knowledge. Lack of adequate and organized trainings for farmers, limited input, fragmented land holdings, technical failure, and deficiency of the farmer-extension services are the major constraints in linking the two bodies of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"PP 1","pages":"124-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84354544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Irrigated Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers at Ribb and Koga Irrigation Schemes in Amhara Region, North western Ethiopia","authors":"Birhanu Agumas, Anteneh Abewa, Dereje Abebe","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.028","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendations for irrigated onion production is lacking for the different irrigation schemes in the Amhara region, North western Ethiopia. Two different experiments were conducted at Ribb and Kog irrigation schemes to determine the N and P fertilizer levels for irrigated onion. Experiments were conducted in the years 2010 and 2011. Treatments were comprised of factorial combinations of five N levels (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) and three P levels (20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1) with one satellite control treatment (0/0 N/P) replicated three times in RCBD. Onion variety used was Bombay Red. Results showed that application of 150 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg P ha- at Ribb and application of 100 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P ha-1 at Koga are best recommended for onion production under irrigation.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88736722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cropping system and Cowpea variety (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp) on the diversity of native cowpea bradyrhizobia and millet yield in the Sudano Saheli anzone of Mali","authors":"Z. Kouyaté, T. K. Wade, I. Yattara, M. Neyra","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.016","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea is an important food grain legume in the Sudano Sahelian zone of Mali. So far, an attention has not been addressed to the diversity of bradyrhizobia nodulating cowpea in this area. In order to fill this gap, effects of 3 cowpea varieties (IT89KD-374, CZ1-94-23-1 and CZ11-94-5C) on the diversity of native bradyrhizobia has been studied in 3 cropping systems from 2007 to 2008 at Cinzana Agronomic Research Station. The objective of the study was to identify effective bradyrhizobia strains nodulating cowpea and their impact on the intercropped or subsequent millet yield in the main cropping systems. Experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design using a factorial combination of 3 cowpea varieties and 3 cropping systems in 4 replications. PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the 16S - 23S of rDNA IGS were used to identify bradyrhizobia strains associated with cowpea varieties. Six IGS types have been identified. IGS type I (strain Bradyrhizobium sp.ORS 3642) was the most competitive regardless of cropping system and cowpea variety. The greater diversity averaged bradyrhizobia was found in variety IT89KD-374 (H' means = 0.39). Best millet grain yield in intercropped system (1520 kg ha-1) was obtained with cowpea variety IT89KD-374. The best above ground dry biomass production of subsequent millet (6 210 kg ha-1) has been obtained under CZ11- 94-5C - millet rotation. Types IGS IV and VI (ORS 3637 and STM 3378 strains respectively) appeared to be responsible for the performance of the Cowpea-millet rotation and cowpea variety CZ11-94-5C.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73892315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of conflict and threat to the use of land in Dalori town of Borno State.","authors":"A. Bunu, Y. Kundili, I. Mustapha, F. Mani","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.036","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess threats to use of land and conflicts in uses of land around Gongulon Town, Borno state. Structured Questionnaires were administered randomly to two groups of twenty farmers and fifteen individual farmers. Field observations were made to confirm the information gathered from the discussion with the farmers. Dominant land tenure system is inheritance with 40%.The major threats to use of land are Bandits and flood with area affected of 240ha and 380ha respectively. The major conflict is that between farmers and pastoralist, which affect almost all the farmers and occurs every year.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80830179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy production of Burkinabe Sahelian goat in intensive and semi-intensive rationing using local resources.","authors":"G. B. Isidore, K. Adama, K. Moussa, Z. Jean, N. Aimé","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.049","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-two dairy goats were randomly divided into two groups of 16 individuals. The first group was fed completely trough (intensive production system, SI), while the second group was supplemented with 50% of the needs of animals in dry matter (DM), energy and nitrogen (semi-intensive system of production, SS). The ration was composed using cottonseed (37%), local bran (33%), cowpea haulms (12.5%) and sorghum straw (17.5%). All animals received ad libitum supplement using multinutrionnel block made with local resources containing 25% of its local, 20% of iodized salt, 20% of limestone, 10% of Acacia raddiana pods, 10 % of cowpea pods, 10% of cement and 5% of bone powder). Goats in SS were followed for pasture to observe the types of fodder consumed and to value the frequencies of their use. Withdrawals of samples were taken on these forages to assess the overall quality of course frequented by animals. Milk production was obtained by trafficking from oxytocin injections. The results show that the leaves of wood accounted for the largest share of fodder collected by goats on rangelands (58% forage grazed). Results on forage quality are as follows: 145 g / kg DM (CP), 3.3 g / kg DM (phosphorus) 9.9 ppm (copper), 23.9 ppm (zinc) and 78 3 ppm (manganese). The production system had a significant effect (P <0.05) on milk production. Goats in SS produced 1413 g / d of milk against 1069 g / d for those subject to the SI. The highest average daily gain (ADG) (P <0.05) was obtained with kids whose mothers were taken to pasture: 41.3 g to 36.2 g against kids whose mothers were fed completely trough.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74307935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network for soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle prediction from soil physical properties data.","authors":"S. Al-hamed, M. F. Wahby, A. Aboukarima","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.035","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed to predict the soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle. The soil samples were collected from different cultivated sites in seven regions in Saudi Arabia. Direct shear box method was used to determine soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle. The input factors to ANN model were soil dry density, soil moisture content and soil texture index. The best 3-layer ANN model produced correlation coefficients of 0.9328 and 0.9485 between the observed and predicted soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle, respectively during training phase. Results of using testing data showed that the ANN model gave RMSE values of 4.826 kPa and 0.928 degree for soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle, respectively indicating that ANN-based model had good accuracy in predicting soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of parasitoids on the severity of African rice gall midge Orseolia oryzivora H. & G. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidea) in Koda millet, Paspalum scrobiculatum L infested rice genotypes at Edozhigi in Central agro-ecological zone of Nigeria.","authors":"A. Umaru, M. Dike, I. Onu, M. Ukwungwu","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.044","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted at Edozhigi in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria between 2004 – 2007 on the use of P. scrobiculatum to enhance the biological control mechanism of Africa gall midge (AfRGM) by two naturally occurring parasitoids in six rice varieties. Both P. scrobiculatum as a lowland rice weed and rice as a crop have the same parasitoids range. The six varieties were FARO 51, FARO 52, FARO 37, TOS 14519, BW 348 – 1 and a local variety all having varying levels of tolerance to AfRGM. These varieties as treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and each was surrounded with one – metre band of P. scrobiculatum except the local variety as control. All the varieties were scored for gall midge infestation at 42 DAT and 63 DAT (days after transplanting) and all the galls were dissected to assess the presence of parasitoids. Results indicated that the presence of galls of P. scrobiculatum had moderating influence on the incidence of gall midge signifying that P. scrobiculatum galls were able to attract parasitoids to lower the AfRGM infestation. A fact of particular importance is that FARO 37 which is a known highly susceptible rice variety consistently maintained low levels of AfRGM.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82005466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cotton plant on development of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae)","authors":"M. Elégbédé, I. Glitho, M. Akogbeto, E. Dannon, Joelle Toffa Mehinto, O. K. D. Kpindou, M. Tamò","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.018","url":null,"abstract":"Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important cotton pest in Benin. Experiments were carried out to determine population growth parameters of this pest and to compare its performance when feeding on detached leaves as opposed to the whole plant at constant temperature of 27 ± 1°C and 70 ± 5% of relative humidity. Results indicate that A. gossypii developed through four development stages with a mean development cycle of 4.38 ± 0.067 days. The doubling time of the aphid population was higher on whole plants (2.25 ± 0.02 days) than on detached leaves (1.91 ± 0.02 days). Similarly, the reproduction rate (Ro) of A. gossypii was lower on whole plants (16.023 ± 1.32) than on detached leaves (33.35 ± 1.68). Development, survivorship and reproduction of the aphid were negatively impacted by whole cotton plants, suggesting the possible induction of defence mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81600471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape scale Soil Erosion Modeling and Risk Mapping of Mountainous areas in Eastern Escarpment of Wondo Genet Watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"Amare Sisay Tefera, Nega Chalie, Zenebe Girmay, G. Takele, Alemayoh Tolera","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2014.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2014.040","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia, causing severe land degradation and/or desertification, especially in the dryland areas of the country. It is more acute in the highland areas, and is often associated with heavy loss in agricultural productivity. Cognizant of the severity of soil erosion and its impact, it is necessary to undertake appropriate management measures before it is too late. The Abaro–medeo area, a mountainous landscape in Wondo Genet Watershed, is among the highland erosion–prone areas in Ethiopia which received little conservation attention while soil loss from erosion is expectedly higher. A study was, thus, initiated to develop a landscape–based soil erosion model and show the risk level of the area, which could be an input for further sustainable management measures. The study employed RUSLE model together with GIS to develop soil erosion model. Based on the level of soil erosion rates, seven different priority categories were identified for further conservation interventions. The results show that nearly 39% of the study area suffer from a severe or very severe to extremely severe erosion risk (contributing to about 81% of the annual soil loss), mainly in the steeper slope banks of drainage areas where inappropriate cultivation practices occur, and in areas that are covered with sparse vegetation. The total annual soil loss potential of the study area was estimated at 64,014 tons from an area of 2,472 hectares. This urges for timely and integrated conservation endeavors from all stakeholders by taking the priority areas into the forefront.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91119737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we married into poverty? Denied women landownership in Nigeria.","authors":"G. Osemeobo","doi":"10.14303/IRJAS.2013.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14303/IRJAS.2013.022","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional survey was used to determine the rights of women to own land for forestry development. Data were derived from a combination of questionnaire interviews and informal group discussions on land rights of rural women. Results of data analyses indicated that: (i) gender inequality was entrenched into the traditional land tenure; (ii) women enjoyed the same types of land use rights as men except that they were denied access to land ownership; (iii) land ownership by women was not closed. They had the right to own land through purchase; and (iv) lands at the disposal of women were marginal: small and unproductive holdings for agricultural production. The lands were however useful for EX SITU conservation of forest species of plants. It is important to encourage women to own lands in order to escape from poverty traps through empowerment and stable income streams. The ministries and agencies responsible for women affairs and environment should encourage rural women through trainings and farm/forestry inputs to improve their economic status.","PeriodicalId":14478,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79091172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}