International Journal of Wildland Fire最新文献_第3页

Five Suns. A Fire History of Mexico 五个太阳墨西哥火灾史

IF 2.9 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1071/wf24100

D. Rodríguez-Trejo

引用次数: 0

The distributed strategy for asynchronous observations in data-driven wildland fire spread prediction 数据驱动的野地火灾蔓延预测中的异步观测分布式策略

IF 2.9 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1071/wf23165

Mengxia Zha, Zheng Wang, Jie Ji, Jiping Zhu

{"title":"The distributed strategy for asynchronous observations in data-driven wildland fire spread prediction","authors":"Mengxia Zha, Zheng Wang, Jie Ji, Jiping Zhu","doi":"10.1071/wf23165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23165","url":null,"abstract":"Background Asynchronous observations refer to observations that are obtained at multiple moments. The observation moments of fire fronts may differ throughout an entire wildfire area. Asynchronous observations include historical data, which hinders the effectiveness of data assimilation due to the lack of timely updates on changing fire fronts. Aims This paper proposed a distributed strategy combined with the Ensemble Transform Kalman filter (ETKF-distributed) for asynchronous observations. It can assimilate fire fronts immediately at any location by using new matching schemes between prediction and observation. Methods The ETKF-distributed undergoes testing using a wildland fire generated based on real terrain, vegetation, and historical weather data from the local area. In addition, the ETKF and ETKF-centralised proposed in our previous work were employed as comparisons. Observing System Simulation Experiments were conducted to generate asynchronous observation fire fronts. Key results The benefit of immediate assimilation enables the new method to maintain high accuracy predictions. Conclusions The allocation of observation resources can be focused in regions with high rates of speed when employing ETKF-distributed. Implications The ETKF-distributed has high efficiency and adaptability, making it highly promising for implementation in wildfire prediction.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prescribed fire increases forage mineral content in grazed rangeland 放火可增加放牧牧场的牧草矿物质含量

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1071/wf24009

Megan R. Wanchuk, Devan Allen McGranahan, Kevin K. Sedivec, Kendall C. Swanson, Torre J. Hovick

{"title":"Prescribed fire increases forage mineral content in grazed rangeland","authors":"Megan R. Wanchuk, Devan Allen McGranahan, Kevin K. Sedivec, Kendall C. Swanson, Torre J. Hovick","doi":"10.1071/wf24009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf24009","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundSustainable rangeland management balances production and conservation. While a broad literature describesthe conservation benefits of prescribed fire, benefits for livestock production have emerged more slowly. Mineral nutrition is important for livestock health and performance, but the impact of prescribed fire on mineral concentration of forages, especially in the northern US Great Plains, remains unknown. AimsWe investigated how burning affects the mineral concentration of forage early and late in the growing season. MethodsData were collected on mixed-grass prairie in south-central North Dakota, USA. Vegetation was clipped from recently burned, 1 year post-fire, 2 years post-fire, and not-yet-burned patches at the same sampling points in spring and late summer. Samples were analysed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentration. Key resultsBurning increased forage mineral concentration across most minerals. Phosphorous, potassium, copper and zinc were higher in burned areas in late spring and summer; calcium, magnesium and manganese were only higher during the late summer; Late-season iron levels increased with time since fire. ConclusionsPrescribed fire has a positive effect on forage mineral content. ImplicationsPrescribed fire has the potential to reduce mineral supplementation costs and improve cow performance.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comment on the use of visually assessed fuel hazard ratings and scores for Australian fire management and research 关于在澳大利亚火灾管理和研究中使用目测燃料危害等级和分数的评论

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1071/wf23164

Miguel G. Cruz

{"title":"A comment on the use of visually assessed fuel hazard ratings and scores for Australian fire management and research","authors":"Miguel G. Cruz","doi":"10.1071/wf23164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23164","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundAssessment of fuel hazard has become the dominant method of describing Australian forest fuel complexes, despite a lack of evidence supporting the veracity of its underpinning assumptions. AimsTo analyse and discuss the merits of fuel hazard ratings and scores in representing measurable fuel characteristics, such as fuel load and fire behaviour potential. MethodsPublished findings were reviewed, and available data analysed to investigate the validity of the Australian fuel hazard assessment concepts. Key resultsMultiple published studies showed the Australian fuel hazard assessment methods to be subjective and non-replicable. All available evidence shows no relationship between fuel hazard ratings and fuel quantity. No relationship between the ratings and fire behaviour potential was found. ConclusionsThe principles underpinning the use of fuel hazard ratings for fuel assessment were shown to be unfounded. The ratings cannot be converted into physical fuel characteristics or fire behaviour potential, and its application in Australian fire management is unwarranted.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spot ignition of a wildland fire and its transition to propagation 野地火灾的点燃及其向蔓延的过渡

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1071/wf23207

Supan Wang, Maria Thomsen, Xinyan Huang, Carlos Fernandez-Pello

{"title":"Spot ignition of a wildland fire and its transition to propagation","authors":"Supan Wang, Maria Thomsen, Xinyan Huang, Carlos Fernandez-Pello","doi":"10.1071/wf23207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23207","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundThe prediction of the propagation of wildland fires is an important socio-technical problem. Wildland fires are often initiated by small spot ignition sources and then spread to larger burning areas. MethodsExperiments are conducted for the spotting ignition of a forest surface fuel (pine needles) in a relatively large (up to 1 m2), horizontal laboratory bed, and the subsequent fire spread without wind. The spotting ignition sources are a cluster of steel particles, an ember and a small pilot flame. Key results and conclusionsWildfire spread has an initial acceleration phase, with the growth of the burned area in the fuel bed following a power law dependence in time, almost independent of the ignition source. Comparison with previous larger-scale experiments and FARSITE modelling of the fire spread over similar fuel beds shows that the power function with time describes well the combined results of the initial wildfire growth and the transition to larger fire propagation for relatively long times. ImplicationsThe Rothermel equation under different environmental conditions may be extended to describe the initial accelerative growth of a spot fire. This work supports the modelling of fire propagation that currently is geared to a later time in the development of a wildfire.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of live/dead condition, moisture content and particle size on flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus) measured with a cone calorimeter 用锥形量热计测量活/死状态、含水量和颗粒大小对戈壁草（Ulex europaeus）可燃性的影响

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1071/wf23167

Katharine O. Melnik, Andres Valencia, Marwan Katurji, Daniel Nilsson, Greg Baker, Oleg M. Melnik, H. Grant Pearce, Tara M. Strand

{"title":"Effect of live/dead condition, moisture content and particle size on flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus) measured with a cone calorimeter","authors":"Katharine O. Melnik, Andres Valencia, Marwan Katurji, Daniel Nilsson, Greg Baker, Oleg M. Melnik, H. Grant Pearce, Tara M. Strand","doi":"10.1071/wf23167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23167","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundLive fuel comprises a significant portion of the fuel consumed in forest and scrub crown fires. However, its flammability remains poorly understood. Although live fuel differs from dead fuel in moisture content, chemical composition, cellular structure and physiological characteristics, its higher moisture content masks the effect of other characteristics on its flammability. AimsThe aim of the study was to delineate and assess the effects of live/dead condition, moisture content and particle size on flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.). MethodsLive and dead gorse material of three size classes (0–3, 3–6, and 6–10 mm in diameter) at six moisture contents (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was tested in a cone calorimeter to evaluate its flammability using new sample preparation and moisture conditioning techniques. Key resultsOn average, live fuel ignited 21% slower, reached 11% higher peak heat release rate, and had a 12% shorter burn duration than dead fuel of the same moisture content. These differences were most pronounced in coarser material. ConclusionsFor gorse, fine dead fuels increase the likelihood of ignition, fine live fuels contribute to high burning intensities, and coarser live and dead fuels prolong combustion. ImplicationsThese findings highlight the need to account for flammability differences between live and dead fuels in fire behaviour models beyond those driven by variations in moisture content.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future fire events are likely to be worse than climate projections indicate – these are some of the reasons why 未来的火灾事件很可能比气候预测显示的更严重--以下是部分原因

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1071/wf23138

Mika Peace, Lachlan McCaw

{"title":"Future fire events are likely to be worse than climate projections indicate – these are some of the reasons why","authors":"Mika Peace, Lachlan McCaw","doi":"10.1071/wf23138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23138","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundClimate projections signal longer fire seasons and an increase in the number of dangerous fire weather days for much of the world including Australia. AimsHere we argue that heatwaves, dynamic fire–atmosphere interactions and increased fuel availability caused by drought will amplify potential fire behaviour well beyond projections based on calculations of afternoon forest fire danger derived from climate models. MethodsWe review meteorological dynamics contributing to enhanced fire behaviour during heatwaves, drawing on examples of dynamical processes driving fire behaviour during the Australian Black Summer bushfires of 2019–20. ResultsKey dynamical processes identified include: nocturnal low-level jets, deep, unstable planetary boundary layers and fire–atmosphere coupling. ConclusionsThe future scenario we contend is long windows of multi-day fire events where overnight suppression is less effective and fire perimeters will expand continuously and aggressively over multiple days and nights. ImplicationsGreater overnight fire activity and multi-day events present strategic and tactical challenges for fire management agencies including having to expand resourcing for overnight work, manage personnel fatigue and revise training to identify conditions conducive to unusually active fire behaviour overnight. Effective messaging will be critical to minimise accidental fire ignition during heatwaves and to alert the community to the changing fire environment","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wildland fire evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021 1980 年至 2021 年加拿大野地火灾疏散情况

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1071/wf23097

Amy Cardinal Christianson, Lynn M. Johnston, Jacqueline A. Oliver, David Watson, David Young, Heather MacDonald, John Little, Bruce Macnab, Noemie Gonzalez Bautista

{"title":"Wildland fire evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021","authors":"Amy Cardinal Christianson, Lynn M. Johnston, Jacqueline A. Oliver, David Watson, David Young, Heather MacDonald, John Little, Bruce Macnab, Noemie Gonzalez Bautista","doi":"10.1071/wf23097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23097","url":null,"abstract":" BackgroundEvery year, people in Canada are evacuated due to wildland fires to avoid death, injury, and illness from fire and smoke events. AimsIn this paper, we provide an overview of evacuations recorded in the Canadian Wildland Fire Evacuation Database between 1980 and 2021. MethodsOur analysis covers evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021. We provide summary statistics including number of evacuations and evacuees, evacuation duration, seasonality, evacuation causes, community types, structure losses, and fatalities. We also investigate temporal and spatial patterns. Key resultsBetween 1980 and 2021, there were 1393 wildland fire evacuation events with 576,747 people evacuated. During this period, there was an overall increase in frequency of evacuations, number of evacuees, and duration of events. Structure loss occurred during 194 evacuation events, with 4105 homes burned. We estimate wildland fire evacuations cost at least CAD3.7 billion (excluding structural losses), jumping to CAD4.6 billion if we include productivity losses. Indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted in wildfire evacuations compared to the general Canadian population. ConclusionsWildland fire evacuations continue to occur across Canada and are increasing. ImplicationsThe findings from this study give us a better understanding of the characteristics of wildland fire evacuations, which can help guide emergency management.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation and comparison of simple empirical models for dead fuel moisture content 死燃料含水率简单经验模型的评估和比较

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1071/wf23120

Jason Sharples, P. Jyoteeshkumar Reddy, Víctor Resco de Dios, R. Nolan, Matthias M. Boer, Ross A. Bradstock

{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of simple empirical models for dead fuel moisture content","authors":"Jason Sharples, P. Jyoteeshkumar Reddy, Víctor Resco de Dios, R. Nolan, Matthias M. Boer, Ross A. Bradstock","doi":"10.1071/wf23120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23120","url":null,"abstract":"Background The moisture content of litter and woody debris is a key determinant of fire potential and fire behaviour. Obtaining reliable estimates of the moisture content of dead fine fuels (i.e. 1-h and 10-h fuels) is therefore a critical requirement for effective fire management. Aims We evaluated and compared the performance of five simple models for fuel moisture content. The models belong to two separate classes: (1) exponential functions of the vapour pressure deficit; and (2) affine functions of the (weighted) difference between air temperature and relative humidity. Methods Model performance is assessed using error and correlation statistics, calculated using cross validation, over four empirical datasets. Key results Overall, the best performing models were the relaxed and generalised models based on the weighted difference between temperature and relative humidity. Conclusions Simple functions of the difference between air temperature and relative humidity can perform as well as, if not better than exponential functions of vapour pressure deficit. However, it is important to note the limitations of all these models when applied to fuels with moisture contents <10%. Implications The moisture content of fine dead fuels and woody debris can be reliably estimated using simple models that are amenable to easy application.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-century times-since-fire and prior fire interval determine biomass carbon stocks in obligate-seeder eucalypt woodlands 多世纪火灾后时间和火灾前时间间隔决定桉树林地的生物质碳储量

IF 3.1 3区农林科学

International Journal of Wildland Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1071/wf23159

Carl R. Gosper, Colin J. Yates, G. Wiehl, Alison J. O'Donnell, S. Prober

{"title":"Multi-century times-since-fire and prior fire interval determine biomass carbon stocks in obligate-seeder eucalypt woodlands","authors":"Carl R. Gosper, Colin J. Yates, G. Wiehl, Alison J. O'Donnell, S. Prober","doi":"10.1071/wf23159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23159","url":null,"abstract":"Background Understanding the influence of fires on terrestrial carbon stocks is important for informing global climate models and underpinning land management-based carbon markets. Aims To quantify biomass carbon in south-western Australia’s Great Western Woodlands – the world’s largest extant Mediterranean-climate woodland – with time-since-fire and prior fire interval. Methods Plot-based measurement of live and dead tree and shrub size, woody debris volume and litter mass across a ~400-year chronosequence to calculate biomass carbon. Key results Biomass carbon increased with time-since-fire, reaching >65 Mg C ha−1, although the rate of increase declined in mature woodlands. Biomass carbon decreased after fire in these obligate-seeder woodlands, while a longer prior fire interval buffered carbon fluxes through retained large standing dead trees and fallen woody debris. Conclusions The current age class distribution of the ~95,000 km2 of eucalypt woodlands in the region may support ~0.453 Pg C. Further refinement of carbon estimates explicitly considering variation in woodland type and climate, a continuous woodland age distribution and soil carbon are required to underpin a carbon methodology. Implications Biomass carbon would be maximised by reducing the extent of bushfires impacting woodlands, focussing on existing mature stands that support the greatest carbon stocks.","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0