International Journal of Sustainable Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Building resilience towards a range of alternative earth futures","authors":"S. Rahimifard","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.2009208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.2009208","url":null,"abstract":"The devastating impacts of increasingly frequent and wideranging climatic events from tornadoes to hurricanes, wild floods to extreme droughts, freezing cold to extreme heat periods, melting ice and sea level rises to wildfires and deforestation have rapidly evolved the global mindset from climate change to climate crisis, and public demands for climate emergency declarations. The unprecedented level of global ‘eco-enthusiasm’, in particular among younger generations whose quality of life is most likely to be deeply affected, appear to have finally gained the desired traction among key decision makers and stakeholders. The COP26 conference in Glasgow was the largest gathering of governments, industrial leaders and community representatives who appeared to compete in shining the light on their sustainability aspirations and firm commitments to reduce negative impacts on the environment. There was a clear and unstoppable excitement prior to this gathering, seeing this as a critical moment in history with potential to make notable changes towards a sustainable future. Undoubtedly, the long-term successes or failures of COP26 will be scrutinised and assessed in the coming weeks and months, however, a common observation among activists is that the agreements on improvement and reduction targets are not ambitious enough to address the urgent needs and investment commitments are not proportional to size of the challenges ahead. For example, the United Nations Emissions Gap Report (2021) stated that the planet was on course for a dangerous 2.7°C of global warming just before COP26. Based on new announcements made during the Conference, it is estimated that we are now on a path to between 1.8°C and 2.4°C of warming, with further agreement among signatories to revisit their commitments by the end of 2022 to ‘keep the 1.5°C ambition under the Paris Agreement alive’ (COP26 2011). The paramount importance of the role of engineering research and innovation to achieve short-term targets (now until 2030) to build a sustainable future, encapsulated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGS 2015), is now very well defined and understood. But, perhaps the most significant lesson from COP26 is the recognition and final acceptance of paralysing complexities in generating global, coherent and transitional strategies and plans to avoid irreversible changes in our eco-system. This highlights the importance of long-term targets (2030–2050) to become resilient towards a set of alternative ‘earth futures’ that are emerging due to the common reality of the current climate crisis. In this context the key research questions, therefore, are ‘how do we identify and define these alternative earth futures?’ and ‘what are the long-term engineering challenges in building resilience towards these futures?’. Among the many roadmaps and scenarios that have been published, one approach is the utilisation of a two axes scenario planning methodology. This has been used","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42593198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental sustainability of public transportation fleet replacement with electric buses in Houston, a megacity in the USA","authors":"H. Du, R. Kommalapati","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1972491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1972491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Greater Houston Area, mobile sources contribute to the highest share of NOx emissions and the second-highest share of VOC emissions. The Houston METRO system that operates public buses is a key element of Houston’s infrastructures that could reduce the emissions of criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs), thus improving the regional air quality. We used life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) to evaluate the environmental sustainability of electric buses and compared it to diesel buses. The LCA simulations demonstrate that life-cycle emissions of GHGs, VOCs, NOx, and black carbon associated with electric buses are lower than conventional diesel and diesel hybrid buses. These lower emissions are mainly attributed to the fact that natural gas currently makes up about 50% of the fuel used to generate electricity in Texas. However, other emissions such as PM10, PM2.5, SOx, N2O, and primary organic carbon are higher and would lead to the higher environmental cost of electric buses than diesel buses. The environmental cost analysis estimates that the annual cost savings of electric buses in 2040 would significantly support the long-term goal of environmental sustainability in the Greater Houston area.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48986653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective optimization of the Hydrocarbon supply chain under price and demand uncertainty","authors":"A. Attia, A. Ghaithan, S. Duffuaa","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1995523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1995523","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The energy sector is known for its enormous investments, despite the erratic behaviour of the oil market (e.g. changes in crude oil prices). Therefore, strategic and tactical planning of the Hydrocarbon supply chain (HCSC), considering market uncertainty, is a significant area of research. HCSC construction involves the integration of crude oil and natural gas supply chains (SCs). In this study, a stochastic multi-objective optimization model is developed for the tactical planning of HCSC. The model considers price and demand uncertainty by formulating a two-stage stochastic programming model. Financial objectives are considered in terms of cost minimization and revenue maximization, while a non-financial objective is considered in terms of depletion rate minimization (i.e. reserves sustainability maximization). The model assists the decision-maker in quantifying the amount of production required to meet demand under different scenarios. Furthermore, the proposed model assists in evaluating the trade-offs among alternatives. A real-world HCSC is used to elucidate the practicability of the model, and some managerial insights are derived by conducting a sensitivity analysis. For instance, production can be reduced during high demand periods to maintain enough reserves, and the excess demand can be satisfied from the outside market based on medium-term contracts.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47089303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable machining: environmental performance analysis of turning","authors":"Raneesha Fernando, J. Gamage, H. Karunathilake","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1995524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1995524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The manufacturing sector accounts for 40% and 25% of global energy and resources consumption respectively. Machining is one of the most power-intense operations in the manufacturing sector making a significant contribution to the environmental footprint. The purpose of this study is to identify the key parameters that contribute towards the environmental impacts of conventional turning. A set of experiments was designed using the Taguchi L9 method. Experiments were performed to analyse the electrical energy consumption, metalworking fluid (MWF) consumption, surface roughness, and material removal rate during turning of AISI P20 with both wet and dry machining. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental performance of turning. A multi-response optimisation was performed to identify the optimum operating conditions. The results show that turning with wet machining yields better machining and environmental performance compared to dry machining. The LCA results reveal that electrical energy is the highest contributor under most of the impact categories, while the effect of MWF is negligible. The use of workpiece material and cutting insert material contribute significantly to the impacts under aquatic ecosystem and resource depletion damage categories. Further, optimum parameters were proposed considering both machining performance and environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternatives of municipal solid wastes to energy for sustainable development. The case of Barranquilla (Colombia)","authors":"A. S. Gutiérrez, J.M. Mendoza Fandiño, J. J. Cabello Eras","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1993378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1993378","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Municipal solid remains an issue that needs to be addressed globally towards a more circular economy and lower environmental impacts. In Colombia, over 96% of municipal solid wastes are landfilled, with little recycling or revalorisation of wastes and several environmental implications. With the technological development of different waste-to-energy routes, the energy revalorisation of solid wastes is increasingly becoming an attractive business opportunity. The waste-to-energy potential of the Atlantic Department (Colombia) was estimated based on the characteristics and daily availability of municipal solid wastes for different technologic routes. The implementation of the technological routes discussed could replace from 1 to 49 % of the demand for energy carriers like natural gas, electricity, or gasoline. This energy potential could replace from 2 to 106% of the energy demanded by the power generation, transport, residential, industrial, and commercial sectors. Furthermore, these technology routes could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 46 to 92% of the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from landfilling. These results stress the need to upgrade energy policies in the country and to introduce new incentives to overcome economic and other barriers precluding the widespread use of waste-to-energy technologies. Abbreviations: Tuning in to Kids (TIK); Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) number: ACTRN12618000310268","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60118773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative LCA of conventional manufacturing vs. additive manufacturing: the case of injection moulding for recycled polymers","authors":"Fabricio Leon Garcia, A. O. Nunes, Mariane Guerra Martins, Maria Cristina Belli, Y. M. Saavedra, D. A. L. Silva, V. Moris","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1990435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1990435","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Additive Manufacturing helps to develop production alternatives with new technologies and less environmental impacts. The comparative analysis was performed between two manufacturing processes using black recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pellets to evaluate the potential environmental impacts between Injection moulding and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory (UPLCI) methodology were adopted, which resulted in an impact assessment separated by operation modes and subunits of the equipment. The LCA results indicate a lower environmental impact of the FDM when the aim is to produce a batch size smaller than 14 parts. For batch sizes above 50 parts, the Injection moulding process generated less impact to the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). The printing stage contributed the most to generating impacts for the FDM. In the Injection moulding process, the main responsible for generating impacts were the injection phase. Mechanical tensile tests were carried out with the parts obtained by the FDM with different infills (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and it was observed that parts with 100% infill obtained the best relation between mechanical properties and environmental impacts.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41295265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Challenges for One Point Solution Study of Electric Vehicle Service Centre (EVSC) using Fuzzy– Methodology","authors":"Shabbiruddin, D. Ghose, Sudeepta Pradhan","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1986589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1986589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is not very unrealistic to lookout for one-point solutions in the case of service-based industries. Similarly, there is a need of establishing Electric Vehicle Service Centres (EVSC), which could be one-point solution to the customers. These modern service stations are converged towards promoting the idea of sustainability in the environment. This would provide the services solely for Electric Vehicles (EVs), an emerging application of sustainable resources. However, considering a range of services from charging infrastructure to the battery swapping module in a single EVSC, some numerous challenges and risk factors get invoked. For EVSCs too, it is thus essential to analyze every risk factor associated with its practicability. In this work, authors have identified thirteen challenges posed by this industry by consulting experts from the same genre, and thus a model is developed deploying Fuzzy to arrange these challenges in a hierarchy level posed by each criterion. The results are exclusively expected to benefit the policymakers of the EVSC industry to help them plan their businesses on the intensity of challenges they face from each factor. It shall further aid in designing more efficient and robust frameworks to ensure a better servicing mechanism for EVSCs targeting one-point solution schemes.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remanufacture for sustainability: a comprehensive business model for automotive parts remanufacturing","authors":"Hasith N.W. Gunasekara, J. Gamage, H. Punchihewa","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1990437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1990437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) are shifting towards remanufacturing, signalling growth in new investments in remanufacturing. It is a noticeable global trend owing to the popularity of circularity and sustainability concepts, catalysed by environmental legislations and profit motives. Thus, the development of effective business models for remanufacturing is essential. However, capturing the entirety of business components essential for remanufacturing is yet to be seen in the industry. The purpose of this research is to develop a comprehensive business model for automotive parts remanufacturing considering all major business components, namely: customer segments; value propositions; channels; customer relationships; revenue streams; key resources; key activities; key partnerships; and cost structure. In this pursuit, a thematic analysis of related literature was conducted to define the identified business components. The Business Model Canvas framework was used to present the developed business model in the context of automotive parts remanufacturing. The resultant business model with nine components is expected to support decision-making for investors and entrepreneurs in the automotive remanufacturing industry.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47370676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential contributions of universal and ubiquitous wireless power transfer systems towards sustainability","authors":"Dinh Hoa Nguyen, Andrew Chapman","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1988187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1988187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Different wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies using inductive, capacitive, or optical coupling, and microwaves have been theoretically investigated and many have been employed in commercial products. WPT technologies have their own advantages and drawbacks and have been individually studied. This article envisions a concept of universal and ubiquitous wireless power transfer (U2WPT), in which power can be wirelessly transferred between any entity, whether stationary or in-motion, as long as they are equipped with appropriate energy transmitters and receivers. The realisation of such a U2WPT concept allows for the analysis of the sustainability of existing WPT systems in a unified manner, and to potentially overcome their limitations and engender greater energy mobility, flexibility, and sustainability. In addition, market mechanisms for U2WPT systems are introduced, along with an analysis of the benefits engendered in terms of economic, environmental, human and social outcomes, and improvement of energy and transportation systems. Finally, a discussion on the realisation of the U2WPT concept including policy implications, and recommendations for future research directions essential to their deployment is presented.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gas pressure and clamping pressure on interfacial contact resistance of a cylindrical polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell","authors":"A. Bhosale, S. Suseendiran, K. Rokhade, R. Rengaswamy","doi":"10.1080/19397038.2021.1986592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2021.1986592","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cylindrical polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are promising energy conversion devices for next generation transportation applications because of their high volumetric and gravimetric power densities. The present study is focused to evaluate the effect of a design parameter (clamping pressure) and an operational parameter (gas pressure) on the contact resistance of the cell. The cell is modelled to visualise contact pressure at the interface of the gas diffusion layer and the current collector. It is observed that the contact pressure at the interface is dependent on both clamping as well as gas pressure. The ohmic resistance of the cell is found to decrease with increase in current, reaches a minimum and then increases owing to membrane hydration and dehydration over gradual increase in the cell temperature. The threshold contact resistance is then calculated to be 33.21 mΩ cm2 based on the minimum ohmic resistance of 100 mΩ. The study highlights the optimum zone where the combination of both clamping and gas pressures can be used to minimise the contact resistance.","PeriodicalId":14400,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}