{"title":"Acanthosis Nigricans","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitral Stenosis","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124268322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pes Cavus","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126295499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ascites","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130494845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gynaecomastia","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-32","url":null,"abstract":"Conditions which cause raised oestrogen levels. Conditions which cause low testosterone levels. Conditions which affect levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), as it affects the free testosterone:oestrogen balance. Conditions which cause androgen resistance. Conditions which cause an increased conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Aromatase is one of the cytochrome P450 enzymes and is involved in the aromatisation of androgens to oestrogens eg, changing androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. This enzyme is found in many tissues eg, brain, adipose tissue, blood vessels and the gonads. Enhanced adipose tissue, as in obesity, provides increased levels of the enzyme and, hence, increased production of oestrogens leading to gynaecomastia.","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120928544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Splinter Haemorrhages","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-84","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palmar Erythema","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-81","url":null,"abstract":"Palmar erythema The condition can be: Primary (or physiological) Secondary (to various disease states) It is probably a manifestation of a number of underlying pathophysiological processes, the balance of which varies between different causes. These processes include: Increased cardiac output/hyperdynamic circulation Capillary dilatation in the palms, due to local factors or systemic mediators Localised inflammation High circulating oestrogen levels","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134545698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myasthenia Gravis","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choreiform Movements","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127552669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optic Atrophy","authors":"K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla","doi":"10.1201/9781003058915-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003058915-71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143714,"journal":{"name":"100 Short Cases for the MRCP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129841063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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