Risques urbainsPub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.21494/iste.op.2021.0726
A. Geffroy
{"title":"Entre application des normes nationales et gestion optimale des ressources : le cas des farines animales dans le contexte de l’Encéphalopathie Spongiforme Bovine (ESB) en France (2000-2009)","authors":"A. Geffroy","doi":"10.21494/iste.op.2021.0726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/iste.op.2021.0726","url":null,"abstract":"A partir de l'etude de la gestion des farines animales dans le contexte de l'Encephalopathie Spongiforme Bovine (ESB), cet article propose de questionner l'importance des dimensions scalaires, territoriales et temporelles d'une crise par l'analyse des actions conduites par les Prefets de departement. Ces derniers ont, en effet, ete saisis par l'Etat central pour conduire les premieres actions de gestion des farines animales a la suite de leur interdiction complete dans l'alimentation des animaux d'elevage. Une strategie nationale de gestion avait, a ce titre, ete prealablement editee par les services de l'Etat central, l'action locale devant etre theoriquement conforme a ce cahier des charges. Or, il s'avere qu'a la lecture des archives gouvernementales, certains prefets n'aient pas respecte a la lettre ces prescriptions. Il s'agit, de la sorte, de mesurer quelles ont pu etre les consequences, notamment territoriales et temporelles, de ces adaptations locales au plan national et d'emettre des pistes explicatives de ces decisions. Dans cette optique, les modeles de localisation optimale peuvent s'averer etre de tres bons outils pour evaluer l'importance et les consequences des actions prises localement dans la gestion d'une crise nationale.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"62 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130625473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0633
L. Sabatier, M. Reghezza-Zitt
{"title":"Building resilient cities: designing resilience in a performative way. The 100RC program.","authors":"L. Sabatier, M. Reghezza-Zitt","doi":"10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0633","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience is a highly controversial scientific concept that has been widely disseminated in international policies and frameworks. However, operationalizing resilience remains problematic. This paper aims to understand how local actors, in this case cities, implement the resilience imperative. We analyze 82 resilience strategies produced by the cities that have joined the 100 Resilient Cities network, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation. We show that, on the one hand, resilience is not a given baseline that guides urban policies, but a local construction adapted to the specificities and characteristics of each city. Resilience is place-based designed in a performative way, as local actors grasp it and give it content. On the other hand, rather than specific objectives, we argue that resilience provides a method for both recognizing vulnerability and transforming security governance, thereby changing the risk and threat management regime.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124681149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 2019-10-03DOI: 10.21494/iste.op.2019.0417
V. November
{"title":"What does ‘mapping risks‘ mean in a risk society?","authors":"V. November","doi":"10.21494/iste.op.2019.0417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/iste.op.2019.0417","url":null,"abstract":"Governments use mapping of natural and industrial risks as a regulatory tool for managing risks and anticipating their consequences in terms of land use planning. However, it often fails to take into account the spatial and temporal dynamics specific to each risk situation. In Risk Society, Ulrich Beck shows that it is not just a question of juxtaposing heterogeneous dimensions but also of showing the links between the spatialities and temporalities of risks. Moreover, mapping in a risk society means developing new risk metrics and revealing the many translations the latter entail. The article thus proposes taking a navigational approach to overcome the limits of traditional risk mapping.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 2019-02-07DOI: 10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0329
Hélène Beraud, Charlotte Nithart, M. Durand
{"title":"Le difficile suivi des déchets post-catastrophe : le cas de l’Ouragan Irma à Saint-Martin","authors":"Hélène Beraud, Charlotte Nithart, M. Durand","doi":"10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0329","url":null,"abstract":"La gestion des dechets post-ouragan constitue un enjeu fondamental de la post-crise. Or, le suivi de ces nouveaux dechets n'est pas sans poser de difficultes. Une revue de la litterature portant sur le suivi des dechets post-ouragan sur plusieurs territoires caribeens et etats-uniens et une enquete de terrain menee sur l'ile de Saint-Martin quelques mois apres le passage de l'ouragan Irma rendent compte de difficultes communes dans le suivi des dechets post-ouragan (installation dans l'urgence des aires de stockage temporaire, difficultes a reintroduire certains flux de dechets dans leur filiere de gestion habituelle, enfouissement massif, pollutions des eaux, du sol, depots sauvages de dechets…). Cet article met egalement en lumiere quelques specificites des milieux insulaires en matiere de gestion des dechets (disponibilite du foncier, difficile acces a d'autres territoires, faible diversite des filieres de traitement et de valorisation) qui rendent particulierement difficile la gestion des dechets post-ouragan.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0319
I. Thomas, Alex Gagnon
{"title":"Coaticook : Analyse scientifique de la vulnérabilité intégrant l’implication des acteurs locaux et citoyens pour une ville et une communauté plus résiliente","authors":"I. Thomas, Alex Gagnon","doi":"10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/ISTE.OP.2019.0319","url":null,"abstract":"Le ruisseau Pratt a inonde plusieurs fois le centre-ville de Coaticook et cause de graves dommages, notamment en 2014 et 2015. Afin d'ameliorer la comprehension du risque et cheminer vers une meilleure gestion, adaptation et resilience, la vulnerabilite de la population et du territoire est cartographiee et analysee par le Groupe d'etude sur la capacite d'adaptation et la resilience (GECAR), affilie a l'Universite de Montreal, a l'aide d'une methode d'analyse developpee en collaboration avec le ministere de la Securite publique du Quebec (MSP). Une analyse des dommages est egalement realisee. De plus, la methode d'analyse integre l'implication des acteurs locaux et les citoyens afin de recueillir la connaissance locale et de progresser vers des strategies et actions realisables, acceptees et adaptees au contexte pour renforcer la resilience a Coaticook. La demarche iterative de recherche concoit la resilience comme un processus dynamique, adaptatif et souple et s'inscrit dans une volonte de conscientisation au risque et dans un reel changement de paradigme : s'adapter en allant au-dela du retour a la normale.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126263477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21494/iste.op.2022.0853
Daudé Éric
{"title":"Confiner la population en cas d’accident industriel avec effet toxique : de la doctrine à son application en zone urbaine","authors":"Daudé Éric","doi":"10.21494/iste.op.2022.0853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/iste.op.2022.0853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124380595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21494/iste.op.2019.0418
Amy Oliver, E. Gascon, I. Thomas
{"title":"Have France’s éco-quartiers (eco-districts) made advances in resilient city-making? A discussion paper","authors":"Amy Oliver, E. Gascon, I. Thomas","doi":"10.21494/iste.op.2019.0418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/iste.op.2019.0418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134293738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0601
Charlotte Heinzlef
{"title":"La résilience urbaine en question : Enjeux, contexte et propositions d’opérationnalisation","authors":"Charlotte Heinzlef","doi":"10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0601","url":null,"abstract":"Face a l'augmentation des risques, leur gestion des risques a evolue progressivement en integrant de nouvelles approches, telles que le concept de resilience. Concept novateur et pertinent dans l'approche systemique des risques, la resilience peine pourtant a s'operationnaliser. Ce terme devenu abstrait est peu approprie par les acteurs locaux et reste bien souvent au simple niveau des discours politiques. L'enjeu des recherches actuelles dans la gestion des risques est donc de travailler sur l'operationnalisation du concept en proposant des outils d'aide a la decision. Cet article presente differentes methodologies visant a pallier a l'abstraction du concept. Depuis des indicateurs jusqu'a des outils de modelisation ou encore a l'aide d'approches collaboratives, ces approches visent a decortiquer et operationnaliser la resilience. Pourtant, malgre l'apport de ces methodologies innovantes, la trop grande diversite des approches ajoute une complexite. Cet article conclue donc sur l'interet d'une boite a outil de resilience sous la forme d'un observatoire.","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risques urbainsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21494/iste.op.2022.0902
A. Ruas, Serge Lhomme, Quy Thy Truong
{"title":"Logiciel de simulation pour améliorer la collecte de déchets post ouragan","authors":"A. Ruas, Serge Lhomme, Quy Thy Truong","doi":"10.21494/iste.op.2022.0902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21494/iste.op.2022.0902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143264,"journal":{"name":"Risques urbains","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130364435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}