Cambridge Prisms: Extinction最新文献_第3页

Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: a brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress 物种保护中的系统发育多样性:简史、批判性综述和进展的挑战

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.8

M. Cardillo

{"title":"Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: a brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress","authors":"M. Cardillo","doi":"10.1017/ext.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ext.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Species that are evolutionarily distinct have long been valued for their unique and irreplaceable contribution to biodiversity. About 30 years ago, this idea was extended to the concept of phylogenetic diversity (PD): a quantitative, continuous-scale index of conservation value for a set of species, calculated by summing the phylogenetic branch lengths that connect them. This way of capturing evolutionary history has opened new opportunities for analysis, and has therefore generated a huge academic literature, but to date has had only limited impact on conservation practice or policy. In this review, I present a brief historical overview of PD research. I then examine the empirical evidence for the primary rationale of PD that it is the best proxy for “ feature diversity, ” which includes both known and unknown phenotypic characters, contributing to utilitarian value, ecosystem function, future resilience, and evolutionary potential. Surprisingly, it is only relatively recently that this rationale has been subject to systematic empirical scrutiny, and to date, there are mixed results on the connection between PD and phenotypic diversity. Finally, I examine the least well-studied, but potentially greatest challenge for PD: its dependence on the reliability of phylogenetic inference itself. The very few studies that have investigated this so far show that the ranking ofspecies assemblages by their PD values can vary substantially under alternative, routine, phylogenetic methods and assumptions. If PD is to become more widely adopted into conservation decision-making, it will be important to better understand the conditions under which it performs well, and those under which it performs poorly.","PeriodicalId":142838,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Extinction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115267498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Trading species to extinction: evidence of extinction linked to the wildlife trade 物种贸易导致灭绝:与野生动物贸易有关的物种灭绝证据

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.7

A. Hinsley, J. Willis, A.R. Dent, R. Oyanedel, T. Kubo, D. Challender

{"title":"Trading species to extinction: evidence of extinction linked to the wildlife trade","authors":"A. Hinsley, J. Willis, A.R. Dent, R. Oyanedel, T. Kubo, D. Challender","doi":"10.1017/ext.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ext.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"The link between unsustainable harvest of species for the wildlife trade and extinction is clear in some cases, but little is known about the number of species across taxonomic groups that have gone extinct because of trade-related factors, or future risks for traded species. We conducted a rapid review of published articles and species assessments on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species withthe aim ofrecording examples of extinctions that were attributed to trade. We found reports of extinctions linked, at least in part, to wildlife trade for 511 unique taxa. These include 294 reports of global extinctions, 25 extinctions in the wild, and 192 local extinctions. The majority of global/in the wild extinctions linked to trade (230) involved ray-finned fishes, primarily due to predation by introduced commercial species. Seventy-one of the 175 reported local extinctions of animal taxa linked to trade were mammals. Twenty-two global/in the wild extinctions and 16 local extinctions of plants were reportedly linked to trade. One fungal species was reported locally extinct due to over-harvesting for trade. Furthermore, 340 species were reported to be near-extinct linked to trade, 269 of which were animals, including several high-profile megafauna. Extinctions were linked to direct harvesting and/or indirect threats such as bycatch or invasive species introduced for trade, but often it was not possible to determine the relative role of trade-related threats in extinctions. Our results highlight the need for better data collection on trade-related","PeriodicalId":142838,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Extinction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121468463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

After the mammoths: the ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions 猛犸象之后:更新世晚期巨型动物灭绝的生态遗产

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.6

F. Smith, Emma A. Elliott Smith, C. Hedberg, S. K. Lyons, M. Pardi, Catalina P. Tomé

{"title":"After the mammoths: the ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions","authors":"F. Smith, Emma A. Elliott Smith, C. Hedberg, S. K. Lyons, M. Pardi, Catalina P. Tomé","doi":"10.1017/ext.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ext.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"The significant extinctions in Earth history have largely been unpredictable in terms of what species perish and what traits make species susceptible. The extinctions occurring during the late Pleistocene are unusual in this regard, because they were strongly size-selective and targeted exclusively large-bodied animals (i.e., megafauna, >1 ton) and disproportionately, large-bodied herbivores. Because these animals are also at particular risk today, the aftermath of the late Pleistocene extinctions can provide insights into how the loss or decline of contemporary large-bodied animals may influence ecosystems. Here, we review the ecological consequences of the late Pleistocene extinctions on major aspects of the environment, on communities and ecosystems, as well as on the diet, distribution and behavior of surviving mammals. We find the consequences of the loss of megafauna were pervasive and left legacies detectable in all parts of the Earth system. Furthermore,wefindthattheecologicalrolesthatextinctandmodernmegafaunaplayintheEarth systemarenotreplicatedbysmaller-bodiedanimals.Ourreviewhighlightstheimportant perspectivesthatpaleoecologycanprovideformodernconservationefforts.","PeriodicalId":142838,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Prisms: Extinction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting extinctions with species distribution models

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.5

D. Zurell, Susanne A. Fritz, Anna Rönnfeldt, M. Steinbauer

引用次数: 2

Philosophy and Ethics of De-extinction 灭绝的哲学与伦理学

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.4

Jay Odenbaugh

引用次数: 1

Prioritisation to prevent extinction 优先考虑防止灭绝

Cambridge Prisms: Extinction Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1017/ext.2023.3

K. Wilson