Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference最新文献

{"title":"Geomechanical Modeling of Fracture-Induced Vertical Strain Measured by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing","authors":"Aishwarya Srinivasan, Yongzan Liu, Kan Wu, G. Jin, G. Moridis","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3722188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3722188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has recently gained importance in monitoring hydraulic fracturing treatments in the oil and gas industry. DAS data contain critical information about the fracture geometry as linearly relatable induced strain variations during the stimulation. The low-frequency components of the DAS (LF-DAS) data are known for their complexity as they exhibit various characteristic signals—caused by several mechanisms—that complicate their interpretation. LF-DAS data from horizontal monitoring wells (HMWs) have been used to detect fracture hits and characterize fracture geometry. However, the LF-DAS data from vertical monitoring wells (VMWs) have not been studied extensively as a means to infer fracture geometry. The major limitation of VMWs is the number of monitored stages, but the data contain more information about fracture height compared with LF-DAS measurements from HMWs. Hence, it is necessary to have a physical rock deformation model to simulate the strain rate responses in offset VMWs during fracture propagation to understand and interpret the various patterns that are observed in the field data sets.\u0000 The objective of this study is to simulate strain rate signals in VMWs during hydraulic fracturing and to analyze the measurements to obtain information on the fracture geometry, especially the fracture height. The fracture boundary can be directly related to the strain rate signals. In this study, we propose a workflow to determine fracture height at different fiber-to-fracture (dff) distances for fracture heights ranging from 20 m to 300 m. We conduct a detailed sensitivity analysis to understand the impacts of the dff, the perforation location, the fracture passing time, and the well inclinations on the measured strain rate signals. The analysis helps interpret the various patterns observed in field data and the underlying mechanisms. Interpretation of field data from the Hydraulic Fracture Testing Site 2 (HFTS-2) using the results from our forward physical model provides valuable information on the fracture characteristics that can be captured by the physical model. The results of this study are expected to provide better interpretations of LF-DAS signals from VMWs.","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131183169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Multiple Flow/Buildup Tests Including a 5-year Buildup: Case Study of an Australian Shale Gas Well","authors":"C. Clarkson, Alexander Côté","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3705570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3705570","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Long-term (multiyear) buildup tests conducted for multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) completed in shale reservoirs offer the unique opportunity to study and analyze flow-regimes sequences that are not commonly observed with typical buildup test periods. In this study, two buildup periods (including a rarely observed, nearly 5-year buildup), and the preceding extended flow tests, were analyzed for an MFHW completed in an Australian shale gas reservoir within the Beetaloo Basin. The objectives of the analyses were to (a) identify the sequence of flow regimes observed for each test (flow/buildup, F/BU) period; (b) extract estimates of reservoir permeability and hydraulic fracture properties; and (c) study the evolution of these properties with each subsequent test.\u0000 An MFHW, the Amungee NW-1H, completed in the Velkerri B shale in Australia, was analyzed. Due to a casing deformation and inability to mill out plugs beyond this, most of the flow contribution was from the heel stages of the well. The first F/BU period was conducted from 2016 to 2021 (a nearly 5-year buildup), while the second F/BU was initiated in 2021 (buildup is currently continuing). The extended (>1 month) production tests (EPTs) preceding the buildups were analyzed using rate-transient analysis (RTA) methods [flow-regime identification/straightline /type curve analysis (TCA)] modified for shale gas properties (e.g., desorption), while the buildups were analyzed using classic pressure-transient analysis (PTA) methods.\u0000 The first (~5-year) buildup period (BU 1) revealed a sequence of bilinear-linear-elliptical-pseudoradial flow followed by a second linear flow period. The first two flow regimes are interpreted to be associated with interfracture flow, while the latter is assumed to correspond to linear flow to the well. Elliptical/radial flow around fractures is rationalized to occur due to interpreted relatively short fracture half-lengths (corresponding to the high-conductivity portion of the fractures). Permeability estimates are in good agreement with diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) analysis. Flow-regime interpretations for the other test periods (EPTs 1 and 2, BU 2) are largely consistent, although EPT 1 flow-regime interpretation was challenged by noisy data. Permeability values derived from EPTs 1 and 2 are smaller than from buildup tests, suggesting stress sensitivity caused by drawdown. Properties derived from the analysis of BU 1 and 2 are in good agreement, suggesting that any effects caused by stress sensitivity of reservoir parameters are largely reversible. Permeability derived from all tests are much larger than those obtained from laboratory data, leading to the interpretation that natural fractures are elevating system permeability. Fracture half-lengths are also much shorter than those typically reported for MFHWs.\u0000 The mostly “textbook” quality well test data obtained for this field example, combined with the length of the test periods, resulted in","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126583574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Water Treatment in The Permian and Marcellus Shales to Mitigate Surface Equipment Failures","authors":"S. Kakadjian, Keith Korhonen, M. Solomon, Jarrett Kitchen, Amanuel Gebrekirstos, Jesse Risner, O. Algadi","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3719479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3719479","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chemical and oxidative biocides are designed to sanitize water by reducing aerobic and anaerobic bacterial populations in the fresh, brackish and reclaimed source waters. These biocides are used extensively in high-rate fracture stimulations to reduce formation damage, chemical degradation, biogenic H2S and microbial induced corrosion (MIC). Oxidative biocides work by removing electrons from the cell wall of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The same electron transfer mechanism can be detrimental to surface equipment. This study presents the impact of several oxidative biocides on the corrosion rate and pitting of different frac iron alloys and how those biocides effect the mechanical integrity of elastomer seals. It also presents different remediation methods to mitigate their oxidative effects.\u0000 The oxidative biocides tested were Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide and a Peracidic Acid blend. The corrosion rate of the iron alloys coupons was measured by weight loss analysis. This method can measure the rate of corrosion in pounds per square foot at time and was used to compare the impact of different residual oxidizers on the corrosion rate of the ground iron. Structural changes to the elastomers were detected visually.\u0000 The results of the study showed that the corrosion rate varied depending on the alloy/residual oxidative biocide combination. Usually, Peracidic Acid blend or Chlorine had the highest corrosion rates across all alloys tested; depending on the oxidative biocide/alloy combination, the corrosion rate could vary by a factor of 2X over the nine-week timeframe. Elastomer testing over 6 weeks showed variability in the types of structural changes depending on the concentration and oxidative biocide tested.\u0000 The lab and field testing included onsite monitoring of the corrosion rate, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), oxygen in solution and determination of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI). The methodology has been effective in predicting iron failures related to the composition of the water and/or presence of oxidizers. Chemical solutions implemented to mitigate the surface iron failures included use of intermittent blends of water-soluble quaternary amines and surfactants. Since these remediation attempts have started, the replacement cost of frac iron has decreased from over 550K US$ per month, per frac spread to none, over a 3-month period.","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134619701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Measurement of the Formation Stress Depletion and the Pore Pressure Depletion in the Eagle Ford","authors":"Shintaro Kuroda, H. Ohtani","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3708962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3708962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123054889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Flowing Material Balance to Estimate Fillup in Saltwater Disposal Reservoirs","authors":"Gerardo Jimenez","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3720455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3720455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well Completion Performance Analysis in the Vaca Muerta Formation by Leveraging Fractional Dimension RTA - Case of Study","authors":"A. Lerza, Mariana Mamani, Mariano Puidengolas, Sebastian Nuñez, J. Acuña","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3726020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3726020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116998154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Lapse Geochemistry Production Allocation; End Member Definition and Selection; Case Studies; Delaware Basin and Eagle Ford","authors":"Adam A. Turner, Catherine M. Donohue, J. Zumberge, A. Muñoz, P. Bergeron","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3720662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3720662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Well Spacing, Perforation Cluster Spacing, and Bottomhole Pressure on Stress Evolution in Unconventional Reservoirs","authors":"Y. Pei, Jiazhi He, K. Sepehrnoori","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3721755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3721755","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"141 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120973717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Shale Reservoir Properties and Evaluation of Hydrogen Storage Possibility in Depleted Unconventional Formations","authors":"Elie Bechara, T. Gamadi, A. Hussain, Hossein Emadibaladehi","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3723858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3723858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unsupervised Stochastic Machine Learning Approach for Well Log Outlier Identification","authors":"R. Akkurt, Bhuvaneswari Sankaranarayanan, V. Simoes, H. Maniar, Per-Christian Irgens, Ben Hoffman, Kevin Fisher","doi":"10.15530/urtec-2022-3721358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2022-3721358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142652,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 10th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124804456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}