Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research最新文献

{"title":"Sonographic appearances of the kidneys and correlation with CD4 count and viral load in adult HIV/AIDS patients in a rural-based infectious disease hospital in sub-saharan Africa","authors":"AJ Ehi-Imuse, AA Adeyekun, Pfi Irabor, CO Azubike, SO Izevbekhai","doi":"10.17352/2455-3786.000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3786.000036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of HIV infection is often challenging as it can affect every organ in the body including the kidneys. Determination of the Resistivity Indices (RI) of the intra-renal arteries is an emerging non-invasive tool that could predict renal disease. Aims & objectives: To determine the renal volume, parenchymal pattern, as well as the RI of the intra-renal arteries by Doppler ultrasonography in adult HIV/AIDS patients and correlate findings with CD4 count, viral load and serum creatinine. Materials & methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study that involved sonographic assessment of the renal dimensions, parenchymal echogenicity, and Doppler velocimetry of the segmental intra-renal arteries in 100 apparently healthy confirmed HIV-seronegative control subjects and an equal number of confirmed HIV-seropositive adult patients at Retroviral (RV) clinic of our hospital. A Doppler ultrasound machine with a 3.5MHz Curvilinear probe was used. Data analysis: Data obtained was analyzed and presented as means which were compared using Student’s t - test, and p values < 0.05 at 95% intervals were considered significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess correlation. Results: The renal volumes were larger in the HIV/AIDS subjects (right: 125.94 ± 34.02 cm3 and left: 138.99 ± 33.29cm3) than in controls (p = < 0.01) with the left also larger than the right in both HIV/AIDS and control subjects (p = < 0.01, < 0.01) respectively. There were significantly more individuals with abnormal renal echogenicity in the HIV/AIDS subjects than in the controls. The RI was significantly greater in the HIV/AIDS than in control subjects. Both renal volumes showed a weak negative correlation with CD4, viral load, and serum creatinine which was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant weak negative correlation between renal echogenicity and CD4 but a positive correlation with viral load and serum creatinine. RI showed weak negative correlations with serum creatinine and weak positive correlations with CD4 count. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in renal volume, echogenicity, and RI in HIV/AIDS patients compared to the controls. Renal echogenicity is a better predictor of serum creatinine levels than renal volume and RI. Thus, renal volume and RI do not provide sufficient correlation to be used as a means of monitoring HIV/AIDS patients with renal impairment.","PeriodicalId":142637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on liver function biomarkers in HIV positive pregnant and Non-pregnant women on Antiretroviral therapy in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"T. Odinga, O. Azuonwu, H. Opusunju Boma, Godwin Porobe Popnen Tee, C. U. Gabriel-Brisibe, N. Ihua, Brantley Akuru Udiomine, M. Akram","doi":"10.17352/2455-3786.000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3786.000035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has greatly improved the health and lifespan of people living with HIV, however, hepatic dysfunction has been associated with HIV. This study investigated the liver function biomarkers of women living with HIV and who are on ART. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV-positive non-pregnant women in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 330 women between 15-60 years participated in this study. HIV-negative pregnant and non-pregnant women served as a control to the test subjects. Sociodemographic data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assay of the liver function biomarkers. The subjects were on Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz (TLE) antiretroviral therapy. Data were analyzed statistically on IBM SPSS Version 25 using student’s t - test, ANOVA and compared using the Post hoc test. Results: The results obtained showed a significant increase at p ≤ 0.05 in the ALP, ALT and AST levels of both HIV-positive pregnant and non-pregnant women when compared to the control group. The serum TP level of HIV-positive pregnant women decreased in comparison to the control group. However, the decrease was not statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. A statistically significant increase in the total protein level was observed in the HIV-positive non-pregnant women when compared to the control group. The albumin level in HIV-positive pregnant women had a statistically insignificant increase in comparison to the control group. HIV-positive non-pregnant women had a decreased level of Albumin at p ≤ 0.05 in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the HIV-positive pregnant and non-pregnant women on ART are prone to adverse alterations in their liver function biomarkers in comparison to the control groups, hence they are vulnerable to liver dysfunction. Thus proper care and regular investigations should be carried out on HIV-positive women on ART.","PeriodicalId":142637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125990433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of psychological disorders among key populations living with HIV/AIDS: findings from ECEWS supported global fund IMPACT project OSS centers in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Onyedinachi Okezie, A. Raphael, Jimbo Grace, Essien Esther, Eyo Andy, Badejo Rebecca, O. Ngozi, Odutuga George, Oke Olufemi","doi":"10.17352/2455-3786.000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3786.000034","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria ranks third among countries with the highest burden of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection in the world. The 2019 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey showed that 1.9 million people were living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria as of 2018 [1].","PeriodicalId":142637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and women living with HIV: Is it possible to move beyond the avoidance?","authors":"Carlea Annunziata, Mazzarelli Laura Letizia, Sarno Laura, Fulgione Caterina, Mantelli Dalila, G. Maurizio","doi":"10.17352/2455-3786.000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3786.000033","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV 1 during breastfeeding ranges from 10% to 15% in the absence of maternal Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis. WHO guidelines 2016 recommend women living with HIV and fully supported for ART adherence should breastfeed for at least 12 months and up to 24 months or longer. Anyway, in high-income settings, women living with HIV are suggested to avoid breastfeeding, regardless of maternal viral load or antiretroviral therapy status. The advantages of breastfeeding in low and middle-income settings are well recognized. This brief narrative review aims to summarize existing evidence on mechanisms and risk factors for HIV transmission during breastfeeding and the possible prevention strategies in the context of ART adherence.","PeriodicalId":142637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125564647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, more than an encephalopathy","authors":"M. David Sáez, R. Nadia Valdés, M. Cristian Fernández, E. Rocío Pacheco","doi":"10.17352/2455-3786.000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-3786.000032","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a pathology associated with the presence of the JC virus, although it occurs in other conditions, nowadays most cases occur in patients with AIDS, in severe stages of immunosuppression. This condition, and hence its name, has always been associated with the presence of intracerebral lesions, where it can have a wide distribution. However, it is very rare, if ever, to report lesions of this disease in the spinal cord. We present a case of a 40-year-old patient, an HIV carrier in the AIDS stage, who, in addition to presenting brain lesions, had multiple lesions at the cervical spinal cord level. We believe that these lesions may be more common than believed and should be intentionally sought if possible.","PeriodicalId":142637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scientific Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122021652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}