A. Faucitano , A. Buttafava , F. Martinotti , P. Ferloni , A. Magistris
{"title":"The mechanism of gamma-radiolysis of polymethylene, polypropylene and poly-n-butylene oxides: An ESR investigation","authors":"A. Faucitano , A. Buttafava , F. Martinotti , P. Ferloni , A. Magistris","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90194-K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90194-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The basic features of the mechanism of the solid state radiolysis of the title polyethers have been elucidated with an ESR study using the matrix isolation and spin-trapping techniques. The species identified at 77 K are α-alkoxy radicals arising from hydrogen abstractions probably involving the primary ether cation-radicals; chain scission radicals are formed on warming as a consequence of the thermal decomposition of the α-alkoxy radical precursors. The formation of acyl and α-keto radicals, which is observed on warming near room temperature, is identified with cage hydrogen abstraction reactions taking place between the products of the β-scission of the α-alkoxy radicals. Direct information on the stability and ESR properties of the polymeric ether cation-radicals, which are thought to be important intermediates in the radiolysis mechanism, have been obtained by irradiation in the CFCl<sub>3</sub> matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90194-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89995883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dosimetry at a 400 keV accelerator","authors":"Arne Miller","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90086-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90086-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Absolute calorimetric dosimetry and relative dose mapping methods are described for a 400 keV electron accelerator used for polymer curing and crosslinking experiments. These methods of dosimetry are also useful at accelerators used in gas cleaning processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Page 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90086-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88158736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation of coal-based SO2/NOx emissions and management of resulting gas cleaning wastes","authors":"William Ellison","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90080-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90080-Y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90080-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81686943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej G. Chmielewski , Edward Iller , Zbigniew Zimek , Janusz Licki
{"title":"Pilot plant for electron beam flue gas treatment","authors":"Andrzej G. Chmielewski , Edward Iller , Zbigniew Zimek , Janusz Licki","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90088-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90088-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Double stage gas irradiation (2 electron accelerators, <span><math><mtext>50 kW</mtext><mtext>700 keV</mtext></math></span> each) is the main technological principle employed in the Polish pilot plant (20,000 Nm<sup>3</sup>/h) constructed at EPS Kawȩczyn (low/medium sulphur coal). The pilot plant design is described in the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 321-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90088-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanns-R. Paur, Werner Baumann, Wolfgang Lindner, Hartmut Mätzing
{"title":"Improvement of energy efficiency and filter technology in the electron beam dry scrubber process","authors":"Hanns-R. Paur, Werner Baumann, Wolfgang Lindner, Hartmut Mätzing","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90079-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90079-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy efficiency of the simultaneous removal of NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas by the EBDS process may be improved by applying multiple irradiation with intermediate product scrubbing. The product, which is a mixture of ammonium sulphate and nitrate, can be filtered using bag filters and gravel bed filters yielding a by-product which is suitable for agricultural purposes. Due to the recent development of high power accelerators the costs of the EBDS process are now competitive when compared to conventional flue gas treatment methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90079-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86966647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of lecturers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90076-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90076-R","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90076-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137053279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Szlachciak , R. Kupczak , I. Obstój , M. Płomiński , M. Sowiński, M. Uzdowski , A. Chmielewski , W. Peryt
{"title":"Monitoring and control systems for an EB flue gas treatment pilot plant—Part II. PC based data acquisition system","authors":"J. Szlachciak , R. Kupczak , I. Obstój , M. Płomiński , M. Sowiński, M. Uzdowski , A. Chmielewski , W. Peryt","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90091-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90091-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The computer monitoring system applied in the electric and thermal power plant in Kawȩczyn is described. Requirements for a computer monitoring and control system in an industrial flue gas cleaning plant is also presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90091-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87884084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gas phase dosimetry connected with radiation processing of industrial flue gas","authors":"P.P. Panta","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90089-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90089-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concise review of dosimetric methods suitable for gas phase is presented. The spatial dose distribution from low energy high power electron accelerators, the ELV-3A type, inside the process vessel of industrial flue gases was measured. Complementary measurements using small power and the same energy Van de Graaff were also performed. The agreement between measured and theoretically predicted results is satisfactory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 327-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90089-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Licki , A.G. Chmielewski , G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel , N.W. Frank
{"title":"Monitoring and control systems for an EB flue gas treatment pilot plant—Part I. Analytical system and methods","authors":"J. Licki , A.G. Chmielewski , G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel , N.W. Frank","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90090-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90090-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The methods and system used for determination of the gas composition at the inlet and outlet of the pilot installation are presented. The concentrations of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NO<sub><em>x</em></sub>(<em>NO</em> + <em>NO</em><sub>2</sub>) and O<sub>2</sub> are measured continuously by two independent emission monitoring systems (one at the inlet and another at the outlet) and occasionally by the grab sample system, i.e. by manual analytical methods. The remaining components of the gas are determined only by the grab sample system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90090-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78058632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status and perspectives for the electron beam technology for flue gases treatment","authors":"Norman W. Frank","doi":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90078-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/1359-0197(92)90078-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electron-beam process is one of the most effective methods of removing SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> from industrial flue gases. This flue gas treatment consists of adding a small amount of ammonia to the flue gas and irradiating the gas by means of an electron beam, thereby causing reactions which convert the SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> to ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate-nitrate. These salts may the be collected from the flue gas by means of such conventional collectors as an electrostatic precipitator or baghouse. This process has numerous advantages over currently-used conventional processes as follows: (1) the process simultaneously removes SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> from flue gas at high efficiency levels; (2) it is a dry process which is easily controlled and has excellent load-following capability; (3) stack-gas reheat is not required; (4) the pollutants are converted into a saleable agricultural fertilizer; (5) the process has low capital and operating cost requirements. The history of the process is shown with a summary of the work that is presently underway. All of the current work is for the purpose of fine tuning the process for commercial usage. It is believed that with current testing and improvements, the process will be very competitive with existing processes and it will find its place in an environmental conscious world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14262,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/1359-0197(92)90078-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75816373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}