The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology最新文献_第2页

Substrate preferences of O-methyltransferases in alfalfa suggest new pathways for 3-O-methylation of monolignols. 紫花苜蓿o -甲基转移酶对底物的偏好为单脂醇3- o -甲基化提供了新的途径。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 2008-07-18 DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00956.X

K. Parvathi, Fang Chen, D. Guo, J. Blount, R. Dixon

{"title":"Substrate preferences of O-methyltransferases in alfalfa suggest new pathways for 3-O-methylation of monolignols.","authors":"K. Parvathi, Fang Chen, D. Guo, J. Blount, R. Dixon","doi":"10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00956.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00956.X","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of relative O-methyltransferase activities against all potential substrates in the monolignol pathway in developing alfalfa stem extracts revealed activities in the order: caffeoyl CoA > caffeoyl alcohol > 5-hydroxyferulic acid > caffeoyl aldehyde > 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol > 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA > 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde > caffeic acid. Maxima for all activities occurred in the seventh internode. In stem extracts from transgenic alfalfa with antisense downregulated caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), activities with all substrates except for the two coenzyme A esters were unaffected. In contrast, downregulation of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) reduced activities against the non-esterifed substrates in the order: 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol > 5-hydroxyferulic acid and caffeoyl alcohol > caffeoyl aldehyde > caffeic acid > 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde. Recombinant COMT expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited the highest V(max)/K(m) values with 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde and caffeoyl aldehyde, and the lowest with caffeic acid. These results indicate that COMT is unlikely to methylate caffeic acid during lignin biosynthesis in vivo, and provide enzymatic evidence for an alternative pathway to monolignols involving methylation of caffeoyl aldehyde and/or caffeoyl alcohol by COMT. The concept of independent pathways to guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols is discussed.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123803887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 175

Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization. 葡聚糖，水二激酶磷酸化结晶麦芽糊精，从而引发溶解。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 2008-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.0960-7412.2008.03513.x

Mahdi Hejazi, J. Fettke, S. Haebel, C. Edner, O. Paris, C. Frohberg, M. Steup, G. Ritte

{"title":"Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization.","authors":"Mahdi Hejazi, J. Fettke, S. Haebel, C. Edner, O. Paris, C. Frohberg, M. Steup, G. Ritte","doi":"10.1111/j.0960-7412.2008.03513.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0960-7412.2008.03513.x","url":null,"abstract":"Starch phosphorylation by glucan, water dikinase (GWD; EC 2.7.9.4) is an essential step in the breakdown of native starch particles, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. In this paper, the initial reactions of starch degradation were analyzed using crystallized maltodextrins as model carbohydrates. As revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystallized maltodextrins represent the B-type starch allomorph. Recombinant GWD phosphorylated crystalline maltodextrins with a high specific activity (55-60 nmol mg-1 protein min-1), but exhibited very little activity with the same maltodextrins that had been solubilized by heat treatment. Recombinant phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5) utilized the crystalline maltodextrins only when pre-phosphorylated by GWD. Phosphorylation of crystalline maltodextrins, as catalyzed by GWD, initiated solubilization of neutral as well as phosphorylated glucans. In both the insoluble and the soluble state, mono-, di- and triphosphorylated alpha-glucans were observed, with wide and overlapping ranges of degree of polymerization. Thus, the substrate specificity of the GWD is defined by the physical arrangement of alpha-glucans rather than by structural parameters, such as the distribution of branching points or degree of polymerization. Unlike GWD and PWD, recombinant beta-amylase isozyme 3 (BAM3), which has been shown to be essential for plastidial starch degradation, preferentially degraded soluble maltodextrins rather than crystallized glucans. In summary, two conclusions were reached. Firstly, carbohydrate targets of GWD are primarily defined by the molecular order of glucan helices. Secondly, GWD-catalyzed phosphorylation mediates the phase transition of glucans from a highly ordered to a less ordered and hydrated state.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122302284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 96

Phytochromes confer the photoperiodic control of flowering in rice (a short-day plant). 光敏色素赋予水稻(一种短日照植物)的开花光周期控制。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1999-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/4-431-27092-2_40

Takeshi Izawa, Tetsuo Oikawa, Satoru Tokutomi, Kazutoshi Okuno, Ko Shimamoto

引用次数: 214

Barley aleurone cell death is not apoptotic: characterization of nuclease activities and DNA degradation. 大麦糊粉细胞死亡不是凋亡:核酸酶活性和DNA降解的表征。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1999-11-01 DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-313X.1999.T01-2-00605.X

A. Fath, P. Bethke, R. L. Jones

{"title":"Barley aleurone cell death is not apoptotic: characterization of nuclease activities and DNA degradation.","authors":"A. Fath, P. Bethke, R. L. Jones","doi":"10.1046/J.1365-313X.1999.T01-2-00605.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-313X.1999.T01-2-00605.X","url":null,"abstract":"Barley aleurone cells undergo programmed cell death (PCD) when exposed to gibberellic acid (GA), but incubation in abscisic acid (ABA) prevent PCD. We tested the hypothesis that PCD in aleurone cells occurs by apoptosis, and show that the hallmark of apoptosis, namely DNA cleavage into 180 bp fragments, plasma membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies do not occur when aleurone cells die. We show that endogenous barley aleurone nucleases and nucleases present in enzymes used for protoplast preparation degrade aleurone DNA and that DNA degradation by these nucleases is rapid and can result in the formation of 180 bp DNA ladders. Methods are described that prevent DNA degradation during isolation from aleurone layers or protoplasts. Barley aleurone cells contain three nucleases whose activities are regulated by GA and ABA. CA induction and ABA repression of nuclease activities correlate with PCD in aleurone cells. Cells incubated in ABA remain alive and do not degrade their DNA, but living aleurone cells treated with GA accumulate nucleases and hydrolyze their nuclear DNA. We propose that barley nucleases play a role in DNA cleavage during aleurone PCD.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129548167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Genome reorganization in Nicotiana asymmetric somatic hybrids analysed by in situ hybridization. 原位杂交分析烟草不对称体细胞杂交种基因组重组。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00863.X

A. Parokonny, A. Kenton, Y. Gleba, M. D. Bennett

{"title":"Genome reorganization in Nicotiana asymmetric somatic hybrids analysed by in situ hybridization.","authors":"A. Parokonny, A. Kenton, Y. Gleba, M. D. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00863.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00863.X","url":null,"abstract":"In situ hybridization was used to examine genome reorganization in asymmetric somatic hybrids between Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana sylvestris obtained by fusion of gamma-irradiated protoplasts from one of the parents (donor) with non-irradiated protoplasts from the other (recipient). Probing with biotinylated total genomic DNA from either the donor or the recipient species unequivocally identified genetic material from both parents in 31 regenerant plants, each originating from a different nuclear hybrid colony. This method, termed genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), allowed intergenomic translocations containing chromosome segments from both species to be recognized in four regenerants. A probe homologous to the consensus sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana telomeric repeat (5'-TTTAGGG-3')n, identified telomeres on all chromosomes, including 'mini-chromosomes' originating from the irradiated donor genome. Genomic in situ hybridization to plant chromosomes provides a rapid and reliable means of screening for recombinant genotypes in asymmetric somatic hybrids. Used in combination with other DNA probes, it also contributes to a greater understanding of the events responsible for genomic recovery and restabilization following genetic manipulation in vitro.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133961470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

A functional promoter shift of a chloroplast gene: a transcriptional fusion between a novel psbA gene copy and the trnK (UUU) gene in Pinus contorta. 一个叶绿体基因的功能性启动子转移:一个新的psbA基因拷贝与trnK (UUU)基因在扭曲松中的转录融合。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1992-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00875.X

J. Lidholm, P. Gustafsson

{"title":"A functional promoter shift of a chloroplast gene: a transcriptional fusion between a novel psbA gene copy and the trnK (UUU) gene in Pinus contorta.","authors":"J. Lidholm, P. Gustafsson","doi":"10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00875.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00875.X","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative transcription analysis of the chloroplast trnK-psbA-trnH region of the two pine species Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris is reported. The chloroplast genome of P. contorta has previously been shown to contain a duplicated psbA gene copy integrated closely upstream of the split trnK gene. This rearrangement has resulted in the gene order psbAI-trnK-psbAII-trnH, where psbAII is the ancestral psbA gene copy. In P. sylvestris, a species which lacks the psbA duplication, transcription of the trnK gene originates from a position 291 bp upstream of the trnK 5' exon, adjacent to a canonical promoter structure. In P. contorta, the corresponding promoter structure has been separated from the trnK gene by the insertion of psbAI, and has, in addition, been partially deleted. Analysis of the transcriptional organization of the trnK-psbA-trnH region of the two pine species revealed that the trnK gene in P. contorta is transcriptionally fused to the inserted psbAI gene copy. As a result, trnK is under the control of the psbA promoter in this species and has therefore acquired psbA-like expression characteristics. In P. sylvestris, accumulation of trnK transcripts is not significantly higher in light-grown than in dark-grown seedlings. In contrast, the level of trnK transcripts in P. contorta is approximately 12-fold higher in the light than in the dark. When light-grown seedlings of the two pine species were compared, an approximately 20-fold higher level of trnK RNAs was found in P. contorta. In both pine species, evidence was obtained for trnK-psbA and psbA-trnH co-transcription.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124852379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Late embryogenesis-abundant genes encoding proteins with different numbers of hydrophilic repeats are regulated differentially by abscisic acid and osmotic stress. 胚胎发生后期——丰富的基因编码亲水性重复数不同的蛋白质，受脱落酸和渗透胁迫的调控差异。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1992-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00241.X

M. Espelund, S. Saebøe-Larssen, D. Hughes, G. Galau, F. Larsen, K. Jakobsen

{"title":"Late embryogenesis-abundant genes encoding proteins with different numbers of hydrophilic repeats are regulated differentially by abscisic acid and osmotic stress.","authors":"M. Espelund, S. Saebøe-Larssen, D. Hughes, G. Galau, F. Larsen, K. Jakobsen","doi":"10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00241.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00241.X","url":null,"abstract":"The late embryogenesis-abundant (Lea) genes, which are suggested to act as desiccation protectants during seed desiccation and in water-stressed seedlings, can be induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and various kinds of water-related stress. Using cotton Lea cDNAs as probes it was found that several of the Lea genes are conserved at the mRNA level in dicots and monocots. By screening a barley cDNA library with a cotton Lea D19 cDNA a family of three members was isolated. The putative B19 proteins have strong similarities to the Em protein in wheat and to LEA proteins from several dicots. However, the middle part of the B19 proteins consists of a 20-amino acid motif repeated three and four times in B19.3 and B19.4, respectively, but only once in B19.1. The gene products are strongly hydrophilic, the internal 20-amino acid motif being the most hydrophilic part. This motif is found once in cotton Lea D19 but is repeated twice in cotton Lea D132, indicating that the repeats are universal among monocot and dicot B19-like genes. The B19 genes are regulated similarly during embryo development, but to very different levels. In contrast, they are differentially regulated by ABA and various types of osmotic stress. In immature embryos all three genes are responsive to ABA and mannitol. However, B19.1 is also responsive to salt. Cold stress does not induce B19 mRNAs; only a stabilization of the transcript levels is seen. These results suggest that the responses to salt stress and exogenous ABA operate through different pathways.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123146789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 154

A nuclear protein fraction binding to dA/dT-rich sequences upstream from the radish rDNA promoter [corrected]. 与萝卜rDNA启动子上游的富含dA/ dt序列结合的核蛋白片段[更正]。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1992-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00211.X

M. Echeverria, D. Delcasso-Tremousaygue, M. Delseny

{"title":"A nuclear protein fraction binding to dA/dT-rich sequences upstream from the radish rDNA promoter [corrected].","authors":"M. Echeverria, D. Delcasso-Tremousaygue, M. Delseny","doi":"10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00211.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-313X.1992.00211.X","url":null,"abstract":"The external spacer (ES) of rRNA nuclear genes (rDNA) contains the sequences that control rDNA transcription initiation and enhancement. The ES is also characterized in most species by the presence of multiple repeated elements. In higher plants very few data are available on the cis- and trans-acting elements which control rDNA transcription. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) it is shown that nuclear extracts from young radish leaves (NER) contain a protein fraction which binds to specific sequences in the radish ES. DNase I footprinting analysis allows mapping of the NER protein binding to dA/dT homopolymer stretches and to a 13-bp dA/dT-rich short repeat, found both in the seven approximately 100 bp repeat regions (located -1077 to -740 from transcription initiation site) and the region (-120 to -55) containing the putative promoter for rDNA transcription initiation. Whether this ES binding is due to a single or several different proteins is not known. So far, protein(s) binding to dA/dT-rich regions of a plant rDNA ES has not yet been described. Whether it is a specific RNA polymerase I transcription factor(s) or plays a more general role in genome expression remains to be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128042281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Temporal and spatial expression of a thiolprotease gene during pea ovary senescence, and its regulation by gibberellin. 豌豆子房衰老过程中巯基蛋白酶基因的时空表达及赤霉素的调控作用。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.1992.00907.x

A. Granell, N. Harris, A. Pisabarro, J. Carbonell

引用次数: 4

REVOLUTA regulates meristem initiation at lateral positions. REVOLUTA调节分生组织在侧位的起始。

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00959.X

Denichiro Otsuga, B. DeGuzman, Michael J. Prigge, G. N. Drews, Steven E. Clark

{"title":"REVOLUTA regulates meristem initiation at lateral positions.","authors":"Denichiro Otsuga, B. DeGuzman, Michael J. Prigge, G. N. Drews, Steven E. Clark","doi":"10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00959.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-313X.2001.00959.X","url":null,"abstract":"While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is indirectly responsible for the initiation of all above-ground postembryonic organs, in most plants the vast majority of these organs are directly initiated by lateral meristems. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the lateral meristems include flower meristems (FMs), which form on the flanks of the SAM, and lateral shoot meristems (LSMs), which develop in leaf axils. While significant progress has been made on the molecular genetic basis of SAM initiation during embryo development, relatively little is known about the initiation of meristems at lateral positions. Here we have characterized the phenotypic consequences and genetic interactions of mutations in the REVOLUTA (REV) gene, with an emphasis on the role of REV in lateral meristem initiation. Our observations indicate that REV is required for initiation of both LSMs and FMs, and likely acts in the same pathway as, and upstream of, known meristem regulators. We identified the REV gene and found it encodes a predicted homeodomain/leucine zipper transcription factor that also contains a START sterol-lipid binding domain. REV is the same as the IFL gene. REV was expressed at the earliest stages of LSM and FM formation. Within the inflorescence shoot meristem, REV expression appeared to predict 3--5 incipient flower primordia on the flanks of the SAM, and REV expression at stage 1 and stage 2 matched that of WUS and STM, respectively. We propose that REV acts at lateral positions to activate the expression of known meristem regulators.","PeriodicalId":142476,"journal":{"name":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","volume":"129 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130072942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 415