International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Health and Health Related Problems in the Community of Mettu Town, South Western, Ethiopia, 2021: A Community Based Descriptive Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Gudisa Bereda, Gemechis Bereda","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community Based Education is an educational philosophy aims at developing professionals with problem identification and solving skills and positive attitudes to serve the society. The communities’ health need is mostly rounded on either communicable or non-communicable diseases in which communicable diseases remain the most vital health problems in the developing countries. Objective: The intent of this survey was to ascertain the apprehensive of health and health related problems in the community of Mettu town, south western, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A community based descriptive cross sectional survey was employed in Mettu town, from January 17/2021-May 25/2021. A stratified random sampling technique was applied, and data was gathered by using an interviewer-administered semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by statistical packages of social sciences 23.0 version statistical software. Findings: The overall prevalence of health related problems was 66.23%. The survey revealed that hypertension 36.94% and diabetes mellitus 27.8% were the most common cause of morbidity and mortality.55.9% participants had a roof that was made of tin and floor made of cement and 54.79% of population use pipe water.68.47% user of family planning were majorly used 47.13% injection and 27.39% of them used implant.51.59% women gave birth in health institution and 59.87% attained ANC services at least one times reguraly. 27.27% of infants under 6 months are exclusively breastfed and 55.84% of children start complementary feeding at 6 months. Conclusion and Recommendation: The present survey indicated that the prevalence of health related problems in individuals was escalated dramatically. Majority of Mettu town population was use open field for their waste disposal. Rodent, household flee and bed bug are common insects & rodents that threaten population health. Health professionals should have to give the population health education about substance, waste disposal, family planning, sanitation condition, and immunization.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80299922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a UV/vis Spectrometric Method for Determination of Cefixim Trihydrate in Raw Materials (Pure) and Tablet Forms","authors":"Mavanga Mabaya Timothy, Mankulu Kakumba Jocelyn, Mayangi Makola Mannix, Mbenza Puati Adelard, Mana Kialengila Didi, Mavar Tayey Mbay Jean, M. Jeremi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJPC.20210702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJPC.20210702.12","url":null,"abstract":"A Cefixim Trihydrate method was developed and validated for determination of Cefixim in raw materials and tablets. This was to enable quantification of the compound using an available and less expensive analytical method for those forms. Henceforth, this study aimed to develop and validate a fast, simple and economical Ultraviolet-visible (UV/vis) spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Cefixim in pure state and in tablet forms. The predicted wavelength for maximal absorption to perform with this method was 286 nm with 0.1N HCl as solvent and blank. This gave useful results for the following steps. Linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated for the method validation according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) requirements. The developed method was used for the quantitative determination of Cefixim tablets marketed on the local market. The calibration data showed a better correlation (R2=1) over the range of concentrations used (2.5-15µg / ml) and the regression equation was Y=0.0511X. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) determined were 0.275 µg/ml and 0.919 µg/ml, respectively. The accuracy study carried out at three concentration levels (80%, 100%, and 120%) gave respective recovery rate averages of 97.25%, 97.56% and 97.44% at which the relative standard deviations (RSD) were all less than 2%. The intra and inter-day precision, specificity and robustness were also satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75284383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Binding Property of Some Binders in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation","authors":"Akodu Busayo Odunayo, Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode, Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin, Adu Isaac Adekola, O. Ruth","doi":"10.11648/J.IJPC.20210702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJPC.20210702.11","url":null,"abstract":"The binding property of five (5) commonly used binders in metronidazole granule and tablet formulations was studied. The binders studied included gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), maize starch and guar gum. The binders were incorporated as 5%w/w of tablet weight in each case. The granules were formulated by the wet granulation technique while the tablets were prepared by compression. The properties of granules evaluated included flow rate, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index and moisture content. Tablet properties studied included weight uniformity, hardness, friability, thickness and diameter, disintegration time and dissolution rate. Results indicated that granules containing guar gum or PVP possessed flow properties superior to those of other binders, while those containing gelatin possessed the least flow property. In terms of packing characteristics, granules containing CMC were better than others. The mechanical strength of tablets containing gelatin, PVP or CMC was superior to those made with either guar gum or maize starch. In terms of release of metronidazole, tablets containing PVP, gelatin or guar gum were more efficient in releasing the drug, while those made with CMC was the least. On the basis of these, good metronidazole tablets could be formulated using PVP, gelatin or guar gum. On the other hand, maize starch or CMC may not be recommended as a binder for metronidazole tablets because of high friability or poor release respectively.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78032778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Reconstituted Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate Oral Suspensions Marketed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Mankulu Kakumba Jocelyn, Mavanga Mabaya Timothy, Bayebila Menanzambi Tresor, Tshienda Katende Milka, Mbenza Puati Adelard, M. Jeremi, Kimbeni Malongo Tresor","doi":"10.11648/J.IJPC.20210701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJPC.20210701.12","url":null,"abstract":"Amoxicillin and Clavulanate potassium oral suspensions are one of antibiotics combination mainly available as dry powders for reconstitution. Made of a β-lactam molecule with a β-lactamase inhibitor, this combination existence can be justified by the potency of Clavulanate potassium which protects Amoxicillin against bacteria producing β-lactamases. Once reconstituted, suspension in single dose bag need to be taken by patient on daily basis following the medical prescription and the one in bottle to be taken according to the medical prescription and the remaining part (in the same container) kept refrigerated in order to get the optimal benefit from the drug. This study investigated the stability of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate potassium suspension both in bags (sachets) for single dose per daily-usage and in bottles for multiple dose usage. The last were reconstituted using distilled water and stored in refrigerator and the previous were instantly reconstituted before measurement. The stability evaluation was conducted on three brands (Six samples totally, two per brand including bottle and sachet for each brand) and for duration of seven days using a validated HPLC method. The evaluation was based on the measurement of pH values, color observation of reconstituted suspensions stored under refrigerator during 7 days and the active compounds concentrations determination. After analysis, no change was observed in pH values and a small change of color for multiple dose presentations stored in refrigerator. And the concentrations of suspensions evaluated in day 1 and day 7 showed over 90% up to seventh day under same storage conditions for both of the Amoxicillin and Clavulanate potassium pharmaceutical presentations. As the study aimed to assess the stability of the suspension in single-dose from bag presentation and in multiple-dose from suspension in bottle, we observed that the reconstituted suspension in distilled water of Amoxicillin + Clavulanate potassium stored in refrigerator is stable for seven days of use, independently from their pharmaceutical presentations either for oral suspensions (powders) in bottles or those in bags for single use after reconstitution.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86854851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Garcinia kola</i> Seeds (Clusiaceae)","authors":"A. Dermane, Sandra N’samba Gbati, B. Bakoma","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Psychosocial Factors in Evaluating the Degree of Bronchial Asthma and for Purposeful Pharmacotherapy","authors":"J. Krynsky","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.12","url":null,"abstract":": The presented case is based on the work of auditing doctor of health insurance company based on data from general practitioners and specialist in pneumology asking for payment an expensive medication. The role of supervision is to access the necessity and justification of costly treatment or to draw the attention of physicians to critical situations of the client and their appropriate solution not only focusing on pharmacology. Monitoring lifelong treatment revealed several key points to significantly affect health that were not properly treated, and this led to disability and, more recently, high treatment costs at later date. The patient's main critical situations have been linked to stress and anxiety but apart from the isolated intervention of a general practitioner, this fact was no considered, not even by specialists. Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory process, and it is known that psychosocial factors play important role as initiators and modifying factors. Their action may affect measurable values of the disease, self-monitoring of the symptoms and adherence for therapy. Not only the pharmacotherapy, but psychological care and strengthening mental health also plays an important role to improve patient well-being. The patient should be viewed in a complex way and early appropriate intervention in risk factors may prevent loss of working potential and economic loss in costly medication.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84449134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineation and Classifications of Adverse Drug Reaction: Brief Communication","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210706.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88391737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Preparation and Applications of Oxazino[4,3-a] pyrroloimidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazole (imino)quinone as an Anti-Cancer Agent","authors":"Mohammed Yaqob Shareef, Noor Mohammed Yaqob Shareef","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.12","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of this study is to prepare a novel precursor for the synthesis of imidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazole(imino)quinone. This will target the over-expression of the enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in solid tumours. An electron withdrawing group was incorporated into the structure, and the substituted ring size was reduced as this is hypothesised to increase its binding affinity to NQO1. The 2, 5-difluoroaniline was acetylated using acetic anhydride to produce N-(2,5-difluorophenyl) acetamide. The latter underwent selective nitration to produce N-(2,5-difluoro- 4-nitrophenyl) acetamide followed by oxidation using methane sulfonic acid and hydrogen peroxide to give 1,4-difluoro-2,5-dinitrobenzene. The synthesized precursor was achieved by the double nucleophilic aromatic substitution of morpholine and pyrrolidine onto 1,4-difluoro-2,5-dinitrobenzene. The 4-(2,5-dinitro-4-pyrrolid-1-yl) morpholine was successfully synthesized in four synthetic steps. The identity and purity were confirmed using NMR with peaks assigned using proton-fluorine coupling values. Further work is recommended for the developments of this study, additional synthetic steps using the novel precursor need to be carried out to achieve oxazino[4,3-a] pyrroloimidazo[5,4-f] benzimidazole(imino)quinone.","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75237851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Pain Intensity and Level of Disability with the Socio-demographic Characteristics in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain","authors":"Sami Salman Shihab, Eman Qasim Khider","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210704.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88434553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Oluwatoyin Alice Tella, Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin, Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode, Adu Isaac Adekola, Akawa Oluwole Bidemi, Olaiya Oluranti Esther","doi":"10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14230,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}