International journal of obesity supplements最新文献_第2页

Gut microbiota: a new path to treat obesity 肠道微生物群：治疗肥胖症的新途径

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2019-04-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-019-0011-7

Giovanna Muscogiuri, Elena Cantone, Sara Cassarano, Dario Tuccinardi, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, on behalf of the Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) group

{"title":"Gut microbiota: a new path to treat obesity","authors":"Giovanna Muscogiuri, Elena Cantone, Sara Cassarano, Dario Tuccinardi, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao,  on behalf of the Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) group","doi":"10.1038/s41367-019-0011-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41367-019-0011-7","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a multifactorial disease resulting in excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Over the last decade, growing evidence has identified the gut microbiota as a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and the related metabolic disorders. The gut microbiota is known to protect gastrointestinal mucosa permeability and to regulate the fermentation and absorption of dietary polysaccharides, perhaps explaining its importance in the regulation of fat accumulation and the resultant obesity. The proposed mechanisms by which the gut microbiota could contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and the related metabolic diseases include: (a) a high abundance of bacteria that ferment carbohydrates, leading to increased rates of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) biosynthesis, providing an extra source of energy for the host, that is eventually stored as lipids or glucose; (b) increased intestinal permeability to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), resulting in elevated systemic LPS levels that aggravate low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance; (c) increased activity of the gut endocannabinoid system. Fecal transplantation studies in germ-free mice have provided crucial insights into the potential causative role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Diet +/− bariatric surgery have been reported to modulate the gut microbiota, leading to lean host phenotype body composition. This review aims to report clinical evidence for a link of the gut microbiota with human obesity and obesity-related diseases, to provide molecular insights into these associations, and to address the effect of diet and bariatric surgery on the gut microbiota, including colonic microbiota, as a potential mechanism for promoting weight loss.","PeriodicalId":14202,"journal":{"name":"International journal of obesity supplements","volume":"9 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/s41367-019-0011-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84790632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 210

Nutritionist and obesity: brief overview on efficacy, safety, and drug interactions of the main weight-loss dietary supplements 营养师与肥胖症：主要减肥膳食补充剂的功效、安全性和药物相互作用简介

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2019-04-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3

Luigi Barrea, Barbara Altieri, Barbara Polese, Barbara De Conno, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano, on Behalf of Obesity Programs of Nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group

{"title":"Nutritionist and obesity: brief overview on efficacy, safety, and drug interactions of the main weight-loss dietary supplements","authors":"Luigi Barrea, Barbara Altieri, Barbara Polese, Barbara De Conno, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano, on Behalf of Obesity Programs of Nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group","doi":"10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years the use of dietary supplements as adjuvant therapy for weight loss gained growing favor among consumers and dietician–nutritionists, with the subsequent astounding increase in health costs. Despite the reassuring label of natural remedy for losing weight, dietary supplements contain a wide variety of ingredients on which available information is rather scanty and scientifically incomplete. Currently, there is little evidence that weight-loss supplements offer effective aids to reduce weight and meet criteria for recommended use. Robust, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to provide clear-cut scientific evidence of their efficacy and potential side effects in clinical practice are still lacking. Understanding the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and quality of these supplements among nutritionists and physicians is critical to counsel patients appropriately, especially considering the risk of serious adverse effects and interference with concomitant therapies. Detailed information on the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used weight-loss dietary supplements has been recently published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, in this report the thorny issue that may result from drug interactions with weight-loss dietary supplements has been not sufficiently addressed. The aim of this review was to provide a synthetic, evidence-based report on efficacy and safety of the most commonly used ingredients in dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, particularly focusing on their possible drug interactions.","PeriodicalId":14202,"journal":{"name":"International journal of obesity supplements","volume":"9 1","pages":"32-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91075675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Oral Presentation Abstracts 2018 年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：口头报告摘要

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0006-9

引用次数: 1

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Organising Committee 2018 年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：组委会

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0004-y

引用次数: 0

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Poster Presentation Abstracts 2018 年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：海报展示摘要

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0003-z

引用次数: 0

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Award Presentation Abstracts 2018 年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：获奖演讲摘要

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0002-0

引用次数: 0

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Author Index 2018年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：作者索引

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0005-x

引用次数: 0

Abstracts from the 5th UK Congress on Obesity 2018: Program Listing 2018 年第五届英国肥胖症大会摘要：项目列表

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-018-0001-1

引用次数: 0

Does gastric bypass surgery change body weight set point? 胃旁路手术会改变体重设定值吗?

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-16 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2016.9

Z Hao, M B Mumphrey, C D Morrison, H Münzberg, J Ye, H R Berthoud

{"title":"Does gastric bypass surgery change body weight set point?","authors":"Z Hao, M B Mumphrey, C D Morrison, H Münzberg, J Ye, H R Berthoud","doi":"10.1038/ijosup.2016.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ijosup.2016.9","url":null,"abstract":"The relatively stable body weight during adulthood is attributed to a homeostatic regulatory mechanism residing in the brain which uses feedback from the body to control energy intake and expenditure. This mechanism guarantees that if perturbed up or down by design, body weight will return to pre-perturbation levels, defined as the defended level or set point. The fact that weight re-gain is common after dieting suggests that obese subjects defend a higher level of body weight. Thus, the set point for body weight is flexible and likely determined by the complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Unlike dieting, bariatric surgery does a much better job in producing sustained suppression of food intake and body weight, and an intensive search for the underlying mechanisms has started. Although one explanation for this lasting effect of particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is simple physical restriction due to the invasive surgery, a more exciting explanation is that the surgery physiologically reprograms the body weight defense mechanism. In this non-systematic review, we present behavioral evidence from our own and other studies that defended body weight is lowered after RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy. After these surgeries, rodents return to their preferred lower body weight if over- or underfed for a period of time, and the ability to drastically increase food intake during the anabolic phase strongly argues against the physical restriction hypothesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Although the mechanism involves central leptin and melanocortin signaling pathways, other peripheral signals such as gut hormones and their neural effector pathways likely contribute. Future research using both targeted and non-targeted 'omics' techniques in both humans and rodents as well as modern, genetically targeted, neuronal manipulation techniques in rodents will be necessary.","PeriodicalId":14202,"journal":{"name":"International journal of obesity supplements","volume":"6 Suppl 1","pages":"S37-S43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/ijosup.2016.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35148769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Bariatric surgery and obesity: influence on the incretins. 减肥手术与肥胖:对肠促胰岛素的影响。

International journal of obesity supplements Pub Date : 2016-12-01 Epub Date: 2016-11-16 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2016.8

B Laferrère

{"title":"Bariatric surgery and obesity: influence on the incretins.","authors":"B Laferrère","doi":"10.1038/ijosup.2016.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ijosup.2016.8","url":null,"abstract":"The gut hormone incretins have an important physiological role in meal-related insulin release and post-prandial glucose control. In addition to weight loss, the incretin hormones have a role in glucose control after bariatric surgery. The release of incretins, and specifically of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, in response to the ingestion of nutrients, is greatly enhanced after gastric bypass (RYGBP). The rapid transit of food from the gastric pouch to the distal ileum is responsible for the greater GLP-1 release after RYGBP. The incretin effect on insulin secretion, or the greater insulin response to oral glucose compared to an isoglycemic intravenous glucose challenge, is severely impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes, but is recovered rapidly after RYGBP. The improvement in insulin secretion rate and β-cell sensitivity to oral glucose after RYGBP is mediated by endogenous GLP-1, and is abolished by exendin 9-39, a specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist. While calorie restriction and weight loss have major effects on the rapid and sustained improvement of fasted glucose metabolism, the enhanced incretin effect is a key player in post-prandial glucose control after RYGBP.","PeriodicalId":14202,"journal":{"name":"International journal of obesity supplements","volume":"6 Suppl 1","pages":"S32-S36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/ijosup.2016.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35150396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34