Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6最新文献

Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Alternative Fuels 采用替代燃料的低热柴油机排气排放研究

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/11298d

M. Krishna, V. Rao, R. P. Chowdary, N. Janardhan, N. Rao, T. R. Reddy

{"title":"Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Alternative Fuels","authors":"M. Krishna, V. Rao, R. P. Chowdary, N. Janardhan, N. Rao, T. R. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/11298d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/11298d","url":null,"abstract":"In scenario of fast attenuation of conventional fuels, the search for alternative fuels has become pertinent. Alcohols and vegetable oils are important substitute fuels for diesel, as they are renewable. Vegetable oils have advantages of comparable calorific value and cetane number as that of diesel fuel. Alcohols have merits of high volatility and presence of oxygen in their molecular structure or composition. However, vegetable oils have demerits of high viscosity and low volatility. Alcohols have disadvantages of low cetane number (a measure of combustion quality in diesel engine) and low calorific value. Hence vegetable oils and alcohols call for low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine, which can eliminate the combustion problems with vegetable oils and alcohols. Investigations were carried out to determine the exhaust emissions from different versions of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine such as - LHR-1 engine, (ceramic coated engine), LHR-2 engine (air gap insulated engine) and LHR-3 engine (the combination of LHR-1 and LHR-2 engine) with carbureted butanol and crude jatropha oil (CJO). Hence the advantages of vegetable oil and alcohol can be utilized to reduce pollutants from the engine. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and aldehydes from different configurations of the LHR engines were determined at full load operation of the engine with test fuels with varied injection pressure and compared with neat diesel operation on conventional engine (CE). Particulate matter and NOx were measured at full load operation by AVL Smoke meter and Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer respectively. Aldehydes which include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at full load operation were measured by wet method as dinitrophenyle (DNPH) method. LHR versions of the engine decreased exhaust emissions considerably with carbureted butanol. The emissions decreased further with increase of injection pressure in different versions of the engine.","PeriodicalId":141947,"journal":{"name":"Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126010814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Thermal and Non -Thermal Pre-Processing Methods on Physical Attributes of Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) Seed 热和非热预处理方法对豆荚种子物理特性的影响

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/5924d

J. Odedeji, E. A. Akande, O. Fapojuwo, A. Ojo

引用次数: 0

Study on the Outer Radiation Belt Location in the 23–24 Solar Cycles 23-24太阳周期外辐射带位置的研究

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/10702d

A. Dmitriev

引用次数: 1

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Blue Swimming Crab from the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Mersin Bay, Turkey 土耳其梅尔辛湾地中海东北部蓝蟹重金属含量测定

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/1734c

M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. Olgunoğlu

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Blue Swimming Crab from the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea, Mersin Bay, Turkey","authors":"M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. Olgunoğlu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/1734c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/1734c","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), aluminium (Al), and iron (Fe) in the carapace meat of female and male blue swimming crabs (Portunus segnis) from the northeastern Mediterranean Sea in the Gulf of Mersin, Turkey, are investigated in the current study . The order of average heavy metal concentrations in carapace meat samples in both male and female species was Zn>Fe >Cu>Al>Mn>Cr>Pb. From the obtained results, the levels of some metals such as Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than the acceptable values for human consumption designated by various health organizations. The comparison of our results with previous studies showed that blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) have been contaminated with heavy metals. The occurrence of high levels of Cu, Zn, and Fe in the aquatic environment is thought to be a result of industrial and maritime traffic activities in Mersin Bay. It may be suggested that continuous care must be taken – especially according to the season – to biomonitor the heavy metal levels if they always exceed the maximum permitted concentrations for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":141947,"journal":{"name":"Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128061395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe) in Giant Red Shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea Risso 1827) from the Mediterranean Sea 地中海巨型红虾(Aristaeomorpha foliacea Risso 1827)中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Fe的含量分析

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/1735c

M. P. Olgunoğlu, I. Olgunoğlu, Y. K. Bayhan

引用次数: 0

Study on Impact of Clay Minerals on the Characteristics of Volume Changes of Heavy Soils 黏土矿物对重质土体积变化特征的影响研究

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/10388d

M. Gomboš, I. Tall, B. Kandra, D. Pavelková

{"title":"Study on Impact of Clay Minerals on the Characteristics of Volume Changes of Heavy Soils","authors":"M. Gomboš, I. Tall, B. Kandra, D. Pavelková","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/10388d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/10388d","url":null,"abstract":"Clay minerals can absorb water and incorporate it into its microstructure. During these processes (water absorption or loss), volume changes occur in clay particles. High content of clay particles in soils can lead to their volume changes, provided there are simultaneous changes in moisture. Volume changes of heavy soils occuring during shrinking and swelling processes are important because they are accompanied with soil surface shrinkage and cracks formation. Formation and dynamics of cracks have an important impact on transport processes in heavy soils and consequently on their water regime. The presented chapter describes the results of the analysis of the influence of clay content on the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), potential of linear extensibility (PLE) and geometric factor of soils. The hypothesis about the influence of texture on the value of the volume change potential and the geometric factor, and thus on the degree of distribution of volume changes on the vertical and horizontal components, was verified. The hypothesis assumes that the clay soil component has the greatest influence on the potential of volume changes and on the geometric factor value. New information is obtained on the basis of field and laboratory measurements. Results will be used as inputs for numerical simulation of water regimes of heavy soils.","PeriodicalId":141947,"journal":{"name":"Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121180667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies on Global Redox Carbon Cycle and Periodicity of Some Phenomena in Biosphere (6381) 全球氧化还原碳循环及生物圈某些现象的周期性研究(6381)

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/1766c

A. A. Ivlev

引用次数: 0

Estimation of Deposited Sediment Budgets on the Floodplain of an Giang Province, Vietnam 越南江省漫滩沉积泥沙收支估算

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/3085f

T. Ngoc, P. T. Khanh

引用次数: 0

Largest Rises of Swedish Treelines, Consistent with Climate Change Since the Early-20th Century 自20世纪初以来，瑞典树线上升幅度最大，与气候变化一致

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/2945f

L. Kullman

{"title":"Largest Rises of Swedish Treelines, Consistent with Climate Change Since the Early-20th Century","authors":"L. Kullman","doi":"10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/2945f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/2945f","url":null,"abstract":"Treeline advance during the past 100 years was assessed by repeat in situ measurement at 14 locations distributed along the entire Swedish Scandes, c. 800 km from south to north. Concerned species were mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia). Treeline was narrowly defined as the highest elevation with trees, at least 2 m tall. In order to elucidate the full effect and power of climate change on the treeline area, focus is on sites with the most extensive treeline shifts, according to prior regional surveys. Thereby, local constraints (topoclimate) were minimized. Betula. Picea and Sorbus accomplished treeline rise predominantly by phenotypic height growth increment of old-established krummholz, while Pinus responded by establishment and growth of new specimens. The largest upshifts, irrespective of species, were in the order of 200 m (max. 245 m). In perspective of historical treeline shifts, the new and higher treelines are close to the position prevailing about 7000 years ago. In contrast to previous generalizations, no obvious differences existed between southern and northern Scandes. Based on a common temperature lapse rate of 0.6°C per 100 m altitude and recorded regional and centennial summer warming of 1.7°C, the observed rise appears as a fully expected response. This kind of performance indicates that, at optimal sites, treelines are in equilibrium with climate at a centennial scale, in cases of climate warming.","PeriodicalId":141947,"journal":{"name":"Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132767330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil using Associated Microbes 利用伴生微生物对石油污染土壤进行生物修复

Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6 Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.9734/bpi/ciees/v6/11613d

G. Ramankutty, Jothi Nedunchezhiyan

引用次数: 0