International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Positive Parenting Training on Improving Behavioral Function and Impulsivity in Children Suffering From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"M. Jalilvand, Fariborz Bagheri, Z. Nikmanesh","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.35740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.35740","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have deficiencies in their executive functions and also impulsivity that can result in various social harms and criminal behaviors. Methods: The research had a two-group semi-experimental design (case/control) with a pre-/post-test. The statistical population consisted of all students’ mothers aged between 7 and 12 years old suffering from ADHD. The studied samples included 30 parents matched based on age and randomly divided into the case and control groups with 15 people in each group and were examined from 2nd February to March 2020. Positive parenting training was performed for the case group in eight sessions of 90 minutes by observing all protocols. Both groups experienced pre- and post-test. We applied the BRIEF (parent form) and Canners (parent form) questionnaires to collect data. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA using SPSS v. 26 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The studied samples were in the age range of 22-40 years (Mean±SD: case group: 32.93±6.04 years and control group: 34.13±5.47 years), 56% with education lower than diploma (0.60% and 46.7% for the case and control groups, respectively), and 44% had an official business (0.40% and 46.7%, respectively). Results showed significant differences in the variables of executive functions (inhibition, attention transfer, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning, material organization, and control) and reducing impulsivity (cognitive problems-neglect, hyperactivity, opposition, and ADHD index) in the control and case groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Positive parenting training significantly affects improving executive functions and impulsivity in children aged between 7 and 12 years old suffering from ADHD. Accordingly, it is achievable to help modify their social behaviors and also decrease the amount of conflict and legal problems among these children by providing a codified positive parenting training program in their educational programs.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46540042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ampicillin-Sulbactam for the Treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia in Patients with Opioid Overdose: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"M. Tabatabaei, R. Soltani, Gholamali Dorvashy, S. Samsamshariat, Rokhsareh Meamar, A. Sabzghabaee","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34657","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aspiration pneumonia is among overdose complications, requiring timely appropriate treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ampicillin-sulbactam, compared to our usual regimen ceftriaxone + clindamycin on aspiration pneumonia in opioid-poisoned patients. Methods: In a randomized-controlled clinical trial, opioid-poisoned patients with aspiration pneumonia were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups to receive ampicillin-sulbactam 3 g Intravenously (IV) every 6 hours (experimental group) and ceftriaxone 1 g IV every 12 hours + clindamycin 600 mg IV every 8 hours (control group) followed by co-amoxiclav 625 mg orally every 8 hours and cefixime 400 mg once daily + clindamycin 600 mg orally every 8 hours in experimental and control groups, respectively, to complete a 7-day course of therapy. White blood cell count and temperature (axillary) at baseline and the third day of the intervention and the treatment outcome on the third day of the intervention, defined as either complete response, partial response, or failure, were evaluated and recorded for all patients. Results: Except for the number of cases of leukocytosis on the third day of the intervention, i.e., lower in the control group (5 patients, 26.30%) than the experimental group (13 patients, 68.40%) (P=0.020), no significant difference was observed between the study groups regarding other outcome variables. Clinical response was similar between the study groups; so that, 10.50% and 63.20% of patients in the experimental group and 21.10% and 47.4% of patients in the control group presented complete and partial responses, respectively (P=0.550). Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that ampicillin-sulbactam is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in patients with opioid overdose, in which case, it has the same efficacy as the two-drug regimen of ceftriaxone + clindamycin.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient’s Rights in Iran and Iraq","authors":"Murtadha Al-Khafaji, N. Sajit, S. Bazmi, M. Kiani","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34653","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to compare, review, and evaluate the studies on patients right in Iran and Iraq. Methods: This is a review study conducted by searching the Iranian and Iraqi databanks, such as Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology, Iran Medex, Iraqi Academic scientific journals, and Google Scholar for both Iranian and Iraqi articles from 2002 to 2017 using the keywords, such as “Patient Rights”, “Patient Rights Charter”, “Patient Rights Observance”, “Iraq”, “Iran”, and “Patient Awareness and Rights”. Results: Of a total of 32 Iranian and Iraqi articles, only 25 articles met the aim of our study. Conclusion: The growing number of articles published indicates that from 1999 forwards, this topic began to attract the attention of Iranian researchers in a gradual manner, as for the Iraqi researchers, their attention has been attracted from 2013 onwards. Also, despite the poor knowledge of physicians about the patients’ rights in Iran, they have shown acceptable awareness and attitude regarding some patients’ rights. The same is true for Iraqi doctors and health care providers, but they have shown unsatisfactory consequences for some of the rights of Iraqi patients. Patient education through media and careful observation of the patient rights charter, and educating healthcare professionals, and developing professional training on patients’ legal rights by engaging them in educational sessions and lectures on patient rights is necessary. Adequate monitoring of practice according to the patient charter is strongly suggested.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43363274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal Poisoning: A Hospital-Based Survey in an Academic Center of Iran","authors":"Maryam Salari Moghaddam, Mitra Rahimi","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34778","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most common medical emergencies worldwide is deliberate or accidental poisoning. The ever-increasing consumption of toxins and fatal drugs is getting more critical by the time. The purpose of intentional poisoning is to harm self and others. It includes objectives like robbery, sexual abusing (rape). The perpetrators of sedative and hypnotic drugs could sedate patients and make them sleepy. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study investigated the suspected Drug-Facilitated Crime (DFC) admitted patients and Outpatient Department (OPD) in the emergency room and toxicology ward. A researcher-made questionnaire was completed for each patient. The biological samples (urine, blood) were provided to a clinical toxicology lab. Results: The information of 40 suspected DFC patients was analyzed. 70% of intoxicated patients were men, and 30% were women. The patients’ mean age was 31-43 years; 42% were low in education, and 37% were self-employed. Furthermore, 75% of total intoxicated patients had a sedentary level of consciousness. Approximately 92.5% had one positive substance test, and 7.5% had negative lab test results. The most used drug was diazepam, by 70%. The motivation for poisoning was 80% robbery, 12.5% for rape, and 7.5% were no diagnostic. Conclusion: The prevalence of poisoning, especially deliberate poisoning, is dramatically growing in this part of the world. Accordingly, this study reveals the flexibility of criminals in Tehran Province, Iran. Thus, the Ministry of Health should seriously control legal and illegal drugs purchase.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41702606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasculitis, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated With Methamphetamine Intoxication: A Case Report","authors":"Navid Khosravi, Anahita Babaei, H. Azizi, H. Samaee","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.32864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.32864","url":null,"abstract":"Amphetamines and methamphetamines are two groups of substance whose use are increasing globally. Methamphetamines poisoning may develop different sympathetic symptoms; however, developing some complications, such as vasculitis, central nervous system involvement, and kidney injury. In this study, we report a case of methamphetamine poisoning that presented with loss of consciousness and developed Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), and pulmonary pseud vasculitis","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Considerations in Conducting Clinical Trials","authors":"Shahriar Mousavinejad, S. Bazmi, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki, Seyed Ali Enjoo, M. Kiani","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.34863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical trials are the golden key in medical science research with human participants. They have always been considered interesting topics by researchers and scientists working in this field. However, the samples are “human participants,” so the research should be carefully conducted. Methods: In the present study, the published articles on the ethical challenges of conducting clinical trials were evaluated between 2010 and 2019 in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The English search keywords were “clinical trial,” with at least one of the phrases of “ethical consideration” or “standard”. Results: In this article, we examined the ethical requirements and considerations in these research studies in four stages: research design and question, proposal review and approval, supervision and implementation, and publication of the results. We have examined them using relevant articles published between 2010 and 2019 and identified important and prominent issues or neglected ones. Conclusion: During this study, it was found that the “research design and question” stage was the most discussed and challenging stage, and the authors’ sensitivity about it has been more than the other three stages. On the other hand, the “results publishing” stage has been considered less sensitive with the least number of references in articles.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance abuse: Through forensic lens","authors":"Dr. Shreemnata Kumar Dash, Dr. Bedanta Sarma, Dr. Senthil Kumaran M","doi":"10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89776833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasculitis, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Disseminat-Ed Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Associated With Methamphetamine in-Toxication: A Case Report","authors":"Navid Khosravi, Anahita Babaei, H. Azizi, H. Samaee","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.32864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.32864","url":null,"abstract":"Amphetamines and methamphetamines are two groups of substance which their use are increasing globally. Poisoning of the methamphetamines may develop different sympathetic symptoms; however, developing some complications such as vasculitis, central nervous system involvement and kidney injury is extremely rare. In this study, we report a case of methamphetamine poisoning that presented with loss of consciousness and develop TTP, DIC and pulmonary pseud vasculitis.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"32864-32864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of the Faculty Members and Residents of Guilan University Towards the Medical Errors, the Barriers and Predisposing Factors During 2020:","authors":"F. Farzi, S. Soltanipour, Abbas Sedighinejad, A. Mirmansouri, B. N. Nabi, Kourosh Delpasand, Gelareh Biazar, Sara Karimzad Hagh, Ladan Mirmansouri","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35824","url":null,"abstract":"Background:  Patient safety is one of the main goals in a health system. Medical errors are considered as a major threat to patient safety. One of the effective strategies to reduce this risk is to report these errors even when the patient has not been affected. This study aimed to investigate the main barriers to report medical errors and some related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in academic hospitals afflicted to Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2020. University faculty members and residents enrolled the survey and a questionnaire was filled out via a face to face interview by the responsible resident of anesthesiology. Results: Finally, 366 people, 156 faculty members and 210 residents filled out the questionnaires. Overall 271 (74.2%); 134 (85.9%) faculty members and 137 (65.6%) residents, the main barrier to report medical errors was concerning about legal consequences. Also, concerning about losing job credit (63.4%) and losing the patient's trust (61.2%) were the other important factors. It was also found that the main predisposing factors of medical errors occurrence were high workload and large number of patients (83.3%), long work shifts and physicians fatigue (80.8%). Also High job stress and lack of feeling of support from higher authorities (70.5%) and lack of adequate equipment and appropriate medical facilities (56%) were known as the most related factors based on their perspective Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, the main barrier to report medical errors was legal consequences and the main predisposing factors were high workload, large number of patients, long working shifts and physicians’ fatigue. Attempt should be made to plan programs to improve the current conditions.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"35824-35824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence Of Positive Parenting Training On Improving Behavioral Function And Impulsivity In Children Suffering From Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"M. Jalilvand, Fariborz Bagheri, Z. Nikmanesh","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35740","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficiencies in their executive functions and also impulsivity that can result in various social harms and criminal behaviors. Methodology: The design was a kind of two-group semi-experimental design (case / control) with pre/posttest. The statistical population consisted of all students' mothers aged between 7 to 12 years old suffering from ADHD. 30 parents included studied samples matched based on age and randomly divided into case and control groups with 15 people and examined them from 2nd February to March 2020. Positive parenting training was performed on the case group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes by observing all protocols. Both groups experienced pre and posttest. We applied BRIEF (parent form) and Canners questionnaire (parent form) questionnaires to collect data. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA analysis and using SPSS V26 software with significance level of 0.05. Results: The studied samples were in the age range of 22-40 years (case group (32.93 ± 6.04 years), control group (34.13 ± 5.47 years)), 56% with education lower than diploma (0.60%, 46.7% case and control groups respectively), and 44% had an official business (0.40% and 46.7% respectively). Results showed significant differences in the variables of executive functions (inhibition, attention transfer, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning, material organization, and control) and reducing impulsivity (cognitive problems - neglect, hyperactivity, opposition, and ADHD index) in the control and case groups (P <0.001).   Conclusion and suggestion: Positive parenting training significantly affect improving executive functions and impulsivity in children aged between 7 to 12 years old suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Accordingly, it is achievable to help modify their social behaviors and also decrease the amount of conflict and legal problems among these children by providing a codified positive parenting training program in their educational programs.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"35740-35740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}