{"title":"An Assessment of the Occurrence of Selected Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria of the Genus Campylobacter Collected from Horses","authors":"M. Selwet","doi":"10.1515/ovs-2020-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ovs-2020-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp. bacteria occurrence in female Hutsul horses, and the presence of selected virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics among the isolates obtained in the experiment. One hundred (n = 100) healthy mares were tested. Campylobacter spp. bacteria were found in 9 (n = 9) animals, 89% (n = 8) of which were described as C. jejuni. There were no C. coli or C. lari found. Analyses of C. jejuni isolates revealed the presence of selected virulence genes in the following order: cadF (n = 5), cdtA (n = 1) and cdtB (n = 3). The following antibiotics were used to test the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria: ampicillin (AMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GE), meropenem (MEM) and tetracycline (TE). C. jejuni were completely sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, and tetracycline.","PeriodicalId":141224,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Science","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116173437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prion Evolvability and the Hazard of Atypical Scrapie in Small Ruminants","authors":"D. Adams","doi":"10.1515/ovs-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ovs-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Observations on strain behaviour and direct demonstrations of natural selection establish that the scrapie agent and prions in general are able to evolve. Accordingly, it is conceivable that atypical non-contagious scrapie in sheep and goats can transform to classical contagious scrapie under particular circumstances. In consequence, atypical scrapie can be regarded as a latent hazard that warrants comprehensive risk assessment and biosecurity preparedness planning. Evidence for this proposition comes from differences in the expression of atypical and classical scrapie that may make scrapie contagious, historical records of scrapie in Western Europe, and contemporary accounts of the epidemiology of atypical scrapie. Biosecurity preparedness can be based on current knowledge of pathophysiology and epidemiology and can be built around a three-stage model for the endogenous emergence of a propagating epidemic of scrapie. The first stage concerns the occurrence of atypical scrapie. The second stage concerns the acquisition of communicability in prion populations provided by atypical scrapie and the third stage concerns circumstances allowing disease transmission and the initiation of a propagating epidemic. The range of component causes envisaged for possible outbreaks of endogenous classical scrapie is broad. However, exposure of sheep and goats to cyanobacterial toxins qualifies for special attention.","PeriodicalId":141224,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Science","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131124129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}