International Journal of Forestry Research最新文献

{"title":"Prioritization of the Forest Species Most Exploited by the Communities Bordering the Natural Forests of Pobè and Dogo-Kétou in Southeastern Benin, West Africa: An Ethnobotanical Approach","authors":"A. Kingbo, Kourouma Koura, J. Ganglo","doi":"10.1155/2023/3788334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3788334","url":null,"abstract":"Benin is not a big forest country, and the sustainable management of forest relics and their resources is a priority for the managers. This study was conducted in the forest regions of Pobè and Kétou located in Southeast Benin with the objective of characterizing the ethnobotanical forest species prioritized by the local populations for their different uses. Specifically, it aimed to identify the ethnobotanical priority species for conservation, characterize the ethnobotanical value of these priority species, and analyze the tree organ harvesting methods used for the sustainable management of the forest species. Data have been collected from 287 local populations investigated and on the specimens collected on the field, which allowed to identify the scientific name. The combination of the citation frequencies, the method of reproduction, the vulnerability scores, and the IUCN status of the species has allowed to identify five priority ethnobotanical species per forest. The software Ri386_3.5.1 has been used for the different analysis such as the calculation of the various frequencies and the correspondence factor analysis to show the relationships between socioethnic groups, organs used, and the categories of use. The priority species identified in the forest of Pobè are Milicia excelsa, Khaya senegalensis, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Ceiba pentandra, and Adansonia digitata. The priority species identified in the forest of Dogo-Kétou are Vitellaria paradoxa, Prosopis africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Khaya senegalensis, and Anogeissus leiocarpa. This study has revealed 54 tree species gathered into 47 genera and 25 botanical families. Their different parts have been harvested for many kinds of utilization such as medicinal, commercial, feeding, medico-magic, and artisanal. The most commonly used organs were leaves, fruits, seeds, barks, roots, and wood. The harvesting methods include cutting poles, cutting twigs and branches to harvest leaves, debarking the trunk, felling trees for wood, cutting roots, picking and harvesting fruits and seeds, and harvesting of flowers. Cutting down trees and picking flowers, fruits, and seeds have been the methods of harvesting, which affect negatively regeneration of the tree populations. It is then important to sensitize the local people on the sustainable management of their forest resources through the conception and implementation of a project program focused on forest conservation.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Forest Ecosystems for Carbon Sequestration and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia","authors":"Abirham Cherinet, Tamiru Lemi","doi":"10.1155/2023/3838404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3838404","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the review was to examine and document the contributions of forests in Ethiopia to both climate change mitigation and poverty alleviation. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, encompassing several research articles from reputable journals and international report papers. The findings of the review reveal that Chilimo-Gaji forest exhibited the highest levels of above- and belowground biomass carbon sequestration, while the Egdu forest area demonstrated the highest soil organic carbon content. The variations in carbon sequestration capacity among forest areas can be attributed to several factors, including forest density, variation in diameter at breast height (DBH) among trees, tree height classes, altitude, slope, and aspect, which significantly influence carbon concentration. Furthermore, discrepancies in the application of allometric models to estimate forest biomass also contribute to these variations. In addition to their role in climate change mitigation, forests play an invaluable role in poverty alleviation, particularly in developing countries. Ethiopia has implemented various afforestation strategies to enhance the contribution of forest ecosystems to climate change mitigation and poverty alleviation.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining National Forest Cover Data Based on Fusion Optical Satellite Imageries in Indonesia","authors":"Ogy Dwi Aulia, Isnenti Apriani, Andi Juanda, Mufti Fathul Barri, R. W. Dewi, Fauzan Nafis Muharam, Bryandanu Oktanine, Theresia Bernadette Phoa, A. A. Condro","doi":"10.1155/2023/7970664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7970664","url":null,"abstract":"Precision mapping towards tropical forest cover data is critical to address the global climate crisis, such as land-based carbon measurement and potential conservation areas identification. In the recent decade, accessibility to open public datasets on forestry is rapidly increased. However, the availability of finer-resolution of forest cover data is still very limited. As a developing country with numerous rainforests, Indonesia suffered multifaceted threats, particularly deforestation. Thus, precise forest cover data can be useful to fulfill Indonesia’s nationally determined contribution to climate change. In this study, we mapped the national forest cover data for Indonesia using a new object-based image classification approach based on combined Planet-NICFI and Sentinel-2 optical imageries. Our findings had relatively high accuracy compared with the other studies, with the F score ranging from 0.67 to 0.99 and can capture the fragmented forest in fine resolution (i.e., ∼5 m). In addition, we found that Planet-NICFI bands had a higher contribution in predicting forest cover than Sentinel-2 imageries. Utilizing forest cover data for further analyses should be performed to help the achievement of national and global agenda, e.g., related to the FOLU net sink in 2030 and the Global Biodiversity Framework.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Calendar of Honeybee Plants in Kellem and West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Ofijan Tesfaye, Etenesh Mekonnen","doi":"10.1155/2023/2797159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2797159","url":null,"abstract":"Beekeeping has significantly contributed to environmental conservation and the preservation of natural resources. Although the quality and quantity of flora available play a major role in the success of the sector, the botanical makeup of natural vegetation varies greatly. This study was conducted targeting the identification and documentation of major honeybee floras and their flowering calendar. Midland and lowland agroecologies were purposively selected. Continuous field plant registration was performed. Melissopalynological analysis from bee pollen and honey were used to identify floral origin. Field observations identified 59 and 63 plants in the midland and lowlands, respectively. Season 1 had the highest pollen yields, ranging from 11051.8 ± 56.4 g (midlands) to 878.3 ± 18.3 g (lowlands), while season 4 ranged from 16.8 ± 6.3 g (midlands) to 15.6 ± 7.4 g (lowlands) and had the lowest pollen yield. In both regions, February, March, July, and August are the months when pollen is not brought into the hive and could be used as starvation periods. A total of 1430.8 ± 75.4 and 1291.8 ± 71.4 g of bee pollen/hive were collected throughout the year in midland and lowland, respectively, and Asteraceae was the richest family accounting around 90% of pollen weight. In both agroecologies, honey is harvested three times a year. In the midland, monofloral honey, namely, Guizotia spp (64.42%) and Croton macrostychus (47.42%), was harvested in November and May, respectively, while honey harvested in February was multifloral type. Similarly, in the lowlands, monofloral honey of Guizotia spp (51.85%), Coffee arabica (55.22%), and Croton macrostychus (50.42%) was harvested in December, March, and June, respectively. Based on the results, Bidens prestinaria, Bidens pilosa, Guizotia spp, C. macrostachyus, Eucalyptus spp, Lepidium sativum, Zea mays, Hypostes trifolia, Vernonia spp, Trifolium spp, Helianthus annuus, C. arabica, Brassica abyssinica, Andropogon abyssinicus, Sorghum bicolor, Cordia africana, Syzygium guineense, and Terminalia spp are major bee plants. It is found that the study area is rich in bee plant diversity and hence has a potential for honey production.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies and Native Tree Species for Rehabilitation of Degraded Arid Lands in Southeast Ethiopia","authors":"A. Eshete, Shambel Teshome, Aliyi Edaso, G. Yilma, Gemedo Furo","doi":"10.1155/2023/7357131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7357131","url":null,"abstract":"The large-scale commercial agriculture, mining, expansion of sedentary agricultural settlements, and overgrazing in Ethiopian pastoral areas have become a major cause of land degradation. Such activities reduce grazing capacities and impoverish already fragile living conditions of the pastoralists. Such an increase in land degradations necessitates urgent calls for interventions. The main objectives of this study were to select the best performing soil and water conservation technologies and native tree species to restore degraded lands of arid and semiarid conditions in Liben District of Guji Zone, Oromia Reginal State, Ethiopia. Four locally grown and locally preferred tree species, namely, Cordia africana, Acacia tortilis, Acacia goetzei, and Combretum molle, were planted in five soil and moisture conservation structures (control, half-moon, spot hoeing, mowing, and trench). The survival rate and height and root collar diameter (RCD) growth of planted tree species were collected two years after planting. A significantly higher survival rate, RCD, and height growth of planted seedlings were recorded from half-moon (52.44 ± 12.48%; 1.66 ± 0.31 cm; 51.57 ± 2.79 cm) and trench (64.00 ± 11.49%; 1.92 ± 0.27; 69.67 ± 2.62 cm) moisture conservation structures, respectively. Acacia tortilis (58.22 ± 12.38%) and Acacia goetzei (42.99 ± 8.81%) had better survival rate than Cordia africana (4.00 ± 1.91%) and Combretum molle (24.22 ± 7.34). Cordia africana attained the largest RCD (2.50 ± 0.34 cm) and height (95.83 ± 17.25 cm) growth, followed by Acacia tortilis and Acacia goetzei. It is concluded that Acacia tortilis and Acacia goetzei are better species to grow in degraded lands. The half-moon and trench moisture conservation structures have a great potential for degraded areas of the arid and semiarid conditions of Ethiopia for better tree establishment, survival, and enhanced growth thereby rehabilitation of degraded lands.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47635148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Decomposition Rates of Broadleaf and Conifer Wood Litter in Far Eastern Tropical Forest Communities","authors":"P. S. Putra, A. Achmad, Toshihiro Yamada, P. O. Ngakan","doi":"10.1155/2023/9677809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9677809","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on wood litter decomposition sometimes show conflicting results. While low temperatures and humidity during winter in temperate climates are reported to halt the activity of decomposing agents, in the warmest and wettest tropical regions of the Far East, peat accumulates on the forest floor, indicating that the decomposition process is not proceeding well. In this study, we compared the inter-seasonal and inter-forest communities’ decomposition rate constant (k) of jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) and tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese) woods in three forest communities (Karst, Lowland, and Pine) on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. We placed 1,200 wooden planks (600 jabon logs and 600 tusam logs) measuring 10 cm × 10 cm × 1.5 cm on the ground in each forest community during different seasons: dry season and wet season. k was observed seasonally. We also observed the decomposing agent diversity, soil properties, and chemical content of the wood sample to examine factors affecting k values. The results showed the tendency of jabon wood k to be higher in the dry season than in the wet season, and the opposite trend was noted for tusam wood. k of both wood samples was highest in Karst, followed by Lowland and Pine forests. However, except for bacterial diversity and abundance of Odontotermes sp., there was no clear correlation between k and the diversity and abundance of decomposing agents. The k values varied distinctly, even among samples within the same forest community in the same season, causing the data not to be normally distributed. These findings indicate that decomposition processes in tropical forests vary at the microsite scale due to the high diversity of decomposing agents and their complex reciprocal association.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woody Species Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Dindin Natural Forest, South East of Ethiopia","authors":"Tamiru Lemi, Solomon Guday, Yosef Fantaye, A. Eshete, N. Hassen","doi":"10.1155/2023/5338570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5338570","url":null,"abstract":"Information on species composition, structure, and diversity is essential to introduce and select different management activities to improve the forest productivity. Accordingly, species composition, structure, diversity, and regeneration status of trees were assessed in the Dindin natural forest. In this forest, trees or shrubs having ≥2.5 cm diameter at breast height and height >1.5 m were identified and measured in 35 quadrats of 20 m × 20 m. Regeneration status was assessed in 5 m × 5 m subplots that were laid within each main plot to sample seedling and sapling. Woody species diversity, density, basal area, and importance value index were calculated. To prioritize conservation efforts, the study utilized factors such as the importance value index, seedling and sapling densities, and population structure. A total of 42 woody tree species representing 30 families were recorded in the forest. The diversity and evenness of woody species in the Dindin forest were 2.66 and 0.70, respectively. Woody species density was 1403 individual ha−1, and the total basal area was 35.54 m2ha−1. About 480 seedlings per hectare were recorded in the Dindin forest. The research yielded practical insights into the dominance, population structure, importance value, and regeneration status of tree species. The analysis of population structure indicates that certain dominant species are experiencing inadequate regeneration. In addition, multiple nondominant shrubs and tree species within the forest are also at risk of extinction due to insufficient regeneration. Therefore, these important findings play a crucial role in the formulation and implementation of effective strategies to restore and rehabilitate the studied forest.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46032809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woody Species Conservation, Management, and Its Socioeconomic Importance of Agroforestry Practice in Ethiopia","authors":"Tsegu Ereso","doi":"10.1155/2023/2623291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2623291","url":null,"abstract":"The preservation of biodiversity is not at all a luxury. In many developing countries, the reduction in biodiversity caused by the conversion of primary forest to unsustainable agricultural landscapes has increased. Agroforestry provided habitat for various species of wildlife and had significant social and environmental advantages. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the significance of agroforestry in the management and conservation of woody species. The review’s main goal is to emphasize the socioeconomic significance of agroforestry in Ethiopia and the conservation and management of woody species. The most common agroforestry practices are typically carried out in different parts of the country on homegardens, crops, woodlots, and coffee farms. The most typical woody species utilized in agroforestry practices in southern Ethiopia are Cordia africana, Millettia ferruginea, Erythrina brucei, and Olea capensis. In Ethiopia’s northern region, you can find Croton macrostachyus, Vernonia amygdalina, Faidherbia albida, Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal, and Grewia bicolor. The central highlands of Ethiopia also have Albizia gummifera, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachyus, Ficus vasta, and Vernonia amygdalina. Agroforestry improves the environment and the socioeconomic system by producing tree products such as timber, firewood, food, and building materials (reduce soil erosion, increase soil moisture and fertility, coffee shade, and keep microclimate balance). Woody species in agroforestry are managed through pollarding, thinning, and pruning.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Bishar Ahmed Yussuf, Latamo Lameso Lelamo, Mahamud Mahamed Abdi","doi":"10.1155/2023/8887494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8887494","url":null,"abstract":"Both locally and nationally, Ethiopia’s gum resin sector has a substantial economic impact. Even though collecting and selling gum and resin is one of the main livelihood activities in Ethiopia’s remote pastoral areas, there are few case studies that adequately reflect national realities. Therefore, the goal of this study is to pinpoint and evaluate gum and resin production and sale, as well as any implications for pastoral livelihood, in the Adadle district of the Somali Region. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were employed. The primary data gathering technique used were household surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, market surveys, direct observation, and surveys of community-based organizations. Multiple response tests, one-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics were used in SPSS Version 26 to statistically analyze the collected data. The study discovered many Acacia, Boswellia, and Commiphora tree species that are employed in the production of gum and resin. It was also found that natural oozing and artificial tapping were the methods used for collecting and harvesting gum and resin. The average amount of gum and resin/frankincense harvested annually by each family was 219.82 kg and 58.27 kg, respectively, with gum harvesting being substantially higher (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000  \u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) than resin harvesting. The recurrent drought, season, and awareness level of harvesters on taping were the factors affecting the quantity and quality of production. The average annual household income from gum and resin/frankincense was 18,684 Ethiopian Birr and 43,704 Ethiopian Birr, respectively. The mean annual income from resin was substantially larger (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000  \u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) than that of gum. The gum and resin market chain in the area comprises eight actors with five market channels. The research also demonstrates that the income made by selling gum and resin was used to pay for basic necessities for the family, save money for health care and medications, and pay for social concerns and educational expenses. Recurrent drought, lack of market access and market expertise, lack of institutional cooperatives, and lack of infrastructure and facilities were all determined to be obstacles to the production and sale of gum and resin. Generally, resources should be conserved and interventions should be done to ensure the sustainability of the resource base and improve production potential. Proper tapping techniques should be introduced to enhance production potential, and access to market information should be ensured to maximize primary producers’ income share insured for maximizing the income share of primary producers.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44648052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Management Intensification Has Changed the Tradition of Coffee Forest Use in Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Zerihun Kebebew","doi":"10.1155/2023/2788917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2788917","url":null,"abstract":"The coffee production system has changed the notion of a forest common resources pool in southwest Ethiopia. It is weakening the customary right on forest through time. The objective of the study was to explore forest resources use in relation to coffee management intensity in southwest Ethiopia. The effect of coffee management intensification was narrated based on the nature of accessing forest resources, local control system, level of forest dependency, and nontimber forest products usage through time. Qualitative data were collected through an interview and walk-in-the-woods. It is worth mentioning that an age-old customary right is devolved, and a modified forest management arrangement is emerging along with the coffee production system. The result showed that coffee agroforest drives the use of forest resources in southwest Ethiopia. Coffee production is replacing the tradition of forest management for nontimber forest products. Collection of nontimber forest products is overwhelmed with coffee harvesting. Honey production area (i.e., Luggoo) has been changed to coffee plot. Only coffee owners hold the right to access coffee agroforest. Individual decisions are bypassing the social arrangement of forest resources usage. The nature and level of forest dependency have been changed along with the intensification of coffee management. In contrary to what most people believe, the study findings showed that better-off households are more forest dependent compared to poor households due to coffee production. The storyline depicts the need for taking into account coffee agroforest in sustainable forest management. The study suggests to revisit the notion of recognizing traditional forest resource usage brings sustainable forest management.","PeriodicalId":14099,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forestry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44283835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}