Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Multi-drug Resistant Mannheimia hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in Pneumonic Sheep in Bangladesh","authors":"Sonia Akhter, Md Asief Hossain Zihadi, Md Habibur Rahman, Md Zillur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68746","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pneumonia in sheep is a complicated multicausal disease which affects the respiratory system causing increased morbidity and herd mortality rate. The members of Pasteurellaceae family are one of the prime causes of bacterial pneumonia in ruminants. Once infected by these organisms, antimicrobial therapy becomes obligatory. In Bangladesh, causation of pneumonic pasteurellosis and their antibiogram is unknown in sheep which insists the veterinarians to choose empirical antimicrobial therapy. Objectives: This study was undertaken to identify multidrug resistant Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia hemolytica in sheep suspected with pneumonia. Methodology: The samples of nasal swab and the lungs were collected aseptically. After overnight incubation in Brain Heart Infusion broth, the samples were streaked onto 5.0% sheep Blood Agar to obtain pure colony with characteristic features which were subjected to biochemical tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and antibiogram study against eight antibiotics. Results: A total number of 140 samples were collected of which 120 nasal swabs and 20 lungs were collected aseptically. In total, 16.7% pneumonia cases in sheep were found to be caused by Pasteurella species. Out of 140 samples, 43.57% (61/140) were positive for Mannheimia hemolytica (68.85%) and 19.67% for Pasteurella multocida. The mixed infection by both organisms was 11.48%. The Mannheimia hemolytica (MH) was predominant in lungs (100.0%) and nasal swab samples (18.3%) than Pasteurella multocida (PM) which were 15% and 7.5% respectively. All the isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant where resistance against Penicillin and Ampicillin was 100% for all isolates. The resistance of Mannheimia hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida towards sulfonamide, ceftriaxone, oxytetracycline, gentamicin, and streptomycin were 63.33%, 49.44%, 44.44%. 16.67%, 11.11% and 78.22%, 45.46%, 45.45%, 36.36%, 27.27% respectively. Among all antibiotics tested, Chloramphenicol stands out to be the most effective one (100% sensitive). Conclusion: This study states the first molecular identification of Mannheimia hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from sheep suspected with pneumonia in Bangladesh and their antibiogram pattern against commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Due to their commensalism nature and wide host coverage, these MDR pathogens warrant judicious use of antibiotics in small ruminants to reduce veterinary public health hazard. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):16-23","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional status of under-5 Rohingya Children admitted for Diarrheal Diseases at Primary Health Centers in Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Fuad Al Fidah, Syeda Sumaiya Efa, Md Emam Hossain, Tanvir Haider, Dipankar Roy, Md Jawadul Haque","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68738","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in under-5 children is Diarrhea. Malnutrition, in association with the diarrheal disease, affect children negatively. On 2018, Bangladesh saw massive influx Rohingya people with almost 29% under-5 children. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among children admitted with acute diarrheal diseases at the Primary health Centers at Cox’s Bazar. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the diarrhea affected under-5 Rohingya children who reported to primary health centers at cox’s bazar. The study was conducted from January to December 2018. Primary caregiver of 276 respondents were interviewed, their hospital records were reviewed. Data were collected by face-toface interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The majority (60.1%) of the participants were male. Only 2.9% of the participants reported passing of macroscopic blood in stool. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) was not taken by most of the participants (50.7%), prior to visit to the hospital. The mean (±SD) age was 18.54 (±12.44) months. Among the participants, 14.1% had severe underweight (<-3 WAZ score) and 27.2% had moderate underweight (-3 to <-2 WAZ score). No death was reported, and 97.1% were discharged with advice from the hospital. Statistically significant relationship was found between age of the participants and underweight (p<0.05) with a Moderate effect size (Φ=.21). Conclusion: The study findings would be helpful to identify the need for raising awareness among Rohingya caregiver and help healthcare providers to become more cautious in treating diarrheal patients. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):31-37","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 and Therapeutic Options for its Clinical Management: A Narrative Review","authors":"Asiya Ferdous","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68717","url":null,"abstract":"COVID- 19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11th March 2020. In Bangladesh, confirmed COVID-19 cases were detected on March 8, 2020 and since then, Bangladesh is also facing the toll of this highly transmissible viral infection. Though the main strategy to handle the pandemic is containment by isolation of cases, quarantine of contacts, physical distancing of people, wearing masks and sanitizing hand and other sources of contamination, the potential severity of the disease and its deadly complications require effective clinical management as well. In addition to optimized supportive and symptomatic therapy, drugs targeting the pathogenesis of this viral infection at different levels can be proved efficacious in COVID-19. Keeping this in mind, different anti-viral drugs which had been found effective in some pre-clinical and clinical studies against other viruses have been used against SARS-CoV-2. Immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic agents have proved their own place in treating COVID-19 targeting SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm and hypercoagulability. Some drugs used mainly against protozoal infection have also been used by the virtue of their additional antiviral property. Use of vitamins and minerals to boost up the immunity is also widespread. This review provides an overview of current COVID-19 status, its ways of transmission and clinical presentation. Discussing the pathophysiology, the review explores how drugs used for the purpose of treating COVID- 19 can modulate various stages and factors resulting beneficial outcome. Categorization of COVID-19 cases and their severity-wise management in perspective of Bangladesh have also been discussed. Drugs using worldwide and in Bangladesh have been overviewed in this review justifying their recommendation against SARS-CoV-2. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):38-51","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Bloodstream Infection from 2015 to 2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Zebunnesa Zeba, Shariar Talukder Hasan, Ahmed Faisal Sumit, Md Abdullah Yusuf","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68718","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bangladesh is a major contributor to the global problem of typhoid fever, which is predominantly caused by Salmonella typhi. This is due to Bangladesh’s subpar healthcare standards, inadequate cleanliness standards, and inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics. Objective: Salmonella typhi antibiotic resistance and the current situation of typhoid fever in Bangladesh were the subjects of this systematic review. Methodology: Finding publications about Salmonella typhi in Bangladesh published between 2015 and 2020 required searching Google Scholar, PubMed, and Bangladesh Journals Online with pertinent keywords. A predetermined set of criteria determined who would be included or excluded. Results: Initially,50 articles were retrieved. Using PRISMA flow chart 5 were selected for the study. Through forest plot, the overall effect size is found 0.28 which is represented by a diamond with confidence interval of 0.06 – 0.50. Since the confidence interval does not cross the threshold of no impact, the p value is 0.00. We can conclude that the overall effect is statistically significant. Microsoft excel was used to figure out the trend of antibiotic resistance. The effect size of an article was 0.08 (95%CI 0.05 – 0.11) and weighted 20.44%. Another study was reported with the effect size of 0.07 (95%CI 0.00 – 0.14) and weighted 20.07%. Conclusions: S. typhi was shown to be quite prevalent, and there were also significant surveillance and data gaps in the research’ methodological data. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):3-10","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Three Doses of Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole as Prophylactic Uses during Acute Non-Perforated Appendicitis Surgical Operation: A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"Md Abdul Quddus, Nusrat Jahan, Md Abdullah Yusuf, SM Syeed Ul Alam, Abdur Rabban Talukder","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.69128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.69128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study compared the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics with seven days of conventional antibiotics. Objective: This present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of three doses of prophylaxis with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Methodology: This parallel arm, randomized control trial was conducted among fifty patients, consisting of 25 cases and 25 controls, with acute appendicitis admitted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Popular Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, and Ad-din Barrister Rafique Ul-Haq Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of November 2021 to April 2022. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of three doses of combined prophylactic antibiotics, ceftriaxone and metronidazole, in acute non-perforated appendicitis cases. The patients in the control group were treated with seven days of conventional antibiotic therapy to compare the efficacy with three doses of prophylactic antibiotics. Results: Among 9 wound infections (15%), 4 patients were in the control group (36.5%), and 5 (40.5%) were in the case group in the study group with combined surgical prophylaxis of ceftriaxone and metronidazole (P=0.001). One patient develops both a wound infection and an intra-abdominal abscess. The study also found that amount to patient (3.3%) with intra-abdominal abscess formation 01 (50%) in control group and 01(50.0%) in combined prophylaxis group (ceftriaxone and metronidazole) (P&gt;0.3). Conclusion: In conclusion no significant difference could be found between the patients who received combined three doses of ceftriaxone and metronidazole and the control groups with regard to age, sex, distribution of symptoms before admission, preoperative temperature, duration of surgery, hospital stay, and concomitant diseases both overall and within each of the three groups of appendiceal examination. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):11-15","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Interesting Case Report on Calcaneal Tuberculosis as a Rare Presentation of Disseminated Tuberculosis","authors":"Ahmad Zulkifli Mohamed Shukor, Khairunisa Ahmad Affandi, Ummu Afeera Zainulabid","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.68715","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the high prevalence rate of tuberculosis infection in Malaysia, calcaneal tuberculosis (TB) is rare. In this article, we present a case of a 53-year-old Malay female who initially presented with left calcaneal swelling for 3 months. Surgical drainage was performed and affected calcaneal was biopsied for histological examination which findings reported as consistent with tuberculosis infection. Further history revealed concomitant respiratory symptoms with the diagnosis of disseminated TB is supported by positive Mantoux test, detection of Acid-Fast bacilli in sputum and CT imaging showing lung and vertebral involvement. Anti-tuberculosis medication is the first line of treatment in calcaneal TB and surgery is usually reserved for patient with severe, intractable disease. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):52-55","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention and Impacts of Athletes Foot: Current Perspective","authors":"Poly Akhter","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v10i1.69136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i1.69136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Not Available Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2023;10(1):1-2","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Site Infection by Multidrug Resistant Organisms at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City","authors":"M. Nesa, S. M. Asna, Una Jessica Sarker, M. Karmaker","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v9i2.68058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v9i2.68058","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common causes of hospital borne infections.\u0000Objective: This study was performed to find out the proportion of multidrug resistant bacteria causing SSI.\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 hospitalized cases in the Department of Microbiology at, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Ninety-nine bacteria were isolated from Pus samples collected aseptically from infected wounds from patients of BIHS general hospital. Isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity was done as per standard method.\u0000Results: Among the 99 organisms isolated, Gram negative bacteria were predominant (70.7%) than gram positive bacteria (29.3%). Among Gram positive bacteria (n=29), 31.0% were methicillin resistant. Among Gram negative bacteria (n=70), 7.1% isolates were ESBL, 78.6% AmpC β-lactamase and 12.3% were Carbapenemase producer. Higher generation antimicrobial agents like Meropenem and Imipenem are still effective against most of the organisms except carbapenemase producing ones. All Gram negative bacilli isolated were sensitive to colistin except Proteus species. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion most of the isolates were multiply resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2022;9(2):69-75","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122636682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Shadows of Infective Endocarditis as a Silent Menace: A Case Report","authors":"Ahmad Zulkifli Mohamed Shukor, Mohd Radhwan Abidin, U. A. Zainulabid","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v9i2.67957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v9i2.67957","url":null,"abstract":"It is surprising when a patient’s care-taker informed the doctor that their family member could suddenly speak in a different accent. Here we reported a case of a young female with infective endocarditis (IE), who later developed a foreign accent syndrome during her stay in the hospital ward. A plain computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain was performed and it showed a coarse and irregular calcific lesion in the left frontal region. Her condition deteriorated rapidly the next day and she died of intracranial haemorrhage. The haemorrhage was possibly caused by a ruptured mycotic aneurysm, a known complication of IE.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2022;9(2):76-79","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126515842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giardiasis among Under Five Children Living in Tea Plantation Colony at Sylhet District of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Islam, M. Haque, S. Aftab, Md Anwarul Hoque, P. Das, M. Parvez, Tahani Momtaz, Jhuma Aktar","doi":"10.3329/bjid.v9i2.67445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v9i2.67445","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Giardia lamblia infection is still frequently encountered especially in children living in crowded and unhygienic conditions leading to various public health problems.\u0000Objective: The purpose of the study was to detect giardiasis among under five children living in tea plantation colony.\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. For this purpose children were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria irrespective of sex. Four tea garden from Sylhet district namely Malnicherra, Lackatoorah, Tarapur and Burjan were selected randomly for sample collection. Stool samples were collected in sterile, disposable, plastic containers with proper labeling without any preservatives. Cyst of Giardia was determined in stool through microscopic examination. Giardia antigen in stool was detected using ELISA kits.\u0000Results: Out of 120 cases, Giardia cyst was found positive in 18(15.0%) cases by microscopy. Giardia antigen was found positive in 23(19.17%) cases by ELISA. ELISA showed sensitivity of 94.13% and specificity of 95.0% when compared with microscopy. Giardia infection was highest in male children (20.0%) than female children. The infection rate was higher (24%) among age group of 36 to 59 months.\u0000Conclusion: Giardiasis constitutes a major concern in symptomatic children as well as in asymptomatic children because it causes various public health problem.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2022;9(2):53-58","PeriodicalId":140785,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124694038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}