HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science最新文献

Variation in the Breeding System of Prunella vulgaris L. 夏枯草育种系统的变异。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2011-05-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.688

L. Qu, M. Widrlechner

{"title":"Variation in the Breeding System of Prunella vulgaris L.","authors":"L. Qu, M. Widrlechner","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.688","url":null,"abstract":"Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae), commonly known as selfheal, is a perennial herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Recent studies have found that P. vulgaris possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, and it is likely that this will lead to increased commercial demand for this species. To date, research publications on P. vulgaris cultivation and genetics are scarce. Using accessions originally collected from different geographical regions, we investigated the breeding system of this species by observing variation in floral morphology, time of pollen release, and selfed-seed set in bagged flowers and isolated plants. Two types of floral morphology, one with exerted styles, extending past open corollas when viewed from above, and the other with shorter, inserted styles, were found among 30 accessions. Two accessions originally collected from Asia uniformly displayed exerted styles, and 27 accessions had inserted styles. One accession from Oregon displayed variation in this trait among individual plants. Microscopic observation of seven accessions, including ones with both exerted and inserted styles, revealed that they all release pollen to some degree before the flowers open. Using bagged flowers, we found that selfed-seed set varied widely among eight accessions, ranging from 6% to 94%. However, bagging may underestimate seed set for some accessions. The two accessions with the lowest rates when using bagged flowers increased in seed set by 350% and 158%, respectively, when we evaluated single, unbagged plants in isolation cages. The accession with 6% selfed-seed set when bagged also had exerted styles. These findings suggest that mating systems in P. vulgaris may be in the process of evolutionary change and that understanding breeding-system variation should be useful in developing efficient seed-regeneration protocols and breeding and selection strategies for this species.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Phenotypic Characteristics as Predictors of Phytosterols in Mature Cycas micronesica Seeds. 成熟苏铁种子中植物甾醇含量的表型特征预测因子。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.725

T. Marler, C. A. Shaw

{"title":"Phenotypic Characteristics as Predictors of Phytosterols in Mature Cycas micronesica Seeds.","authors":"T. Marler, C. A. Shaw","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.725","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed sterol concentration and content and plant or seed phenotypic characteristics was established by multiple regression. Combined models were significant for free but not glycosylated sterols. Reduced models revealed leaf number as the only significant predictor. Free and glycosylated sterol concentrations were unaffected throughout the range of several predictors: tree height (1.7 to 5.8 m), seed fresh weight (48 to 120 g), seed load (one to 76 seeds per plant), and estimated tree age (32 to 110 years). The free and glycosylated sterol phenotypes were also not dependent on the presence/absence of developed embryos in mature seeds. The significant response to leaf number was subtle with an increase of 43 leaves associated with a 0.1-mg increase in free sterol per gram seed fresh weight. This is the first report for any cycad that discusses reproductive or physiological traits in the context of allometric relations. Results indicate a highly constrained phenotypic plasticity of Cycas gametophyte sterol and steryl glucoside concentration and seed content in relation to whole plant and organ size variation.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129038450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effect of seed source, light during germination, and cold-moist stratification on seed germination in three species of Echinacea for organic production. 有机生产用三种紫锥菊种子源、萌发时光照和冷湿分层对种子萌发的影响。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1751

F. Romero, K. Delate, D. Hannapel

{"title":"The effect of seed source, light during germination, and cold-moist stratification on seed germination in three species of Echinacea for organic production.","authors":"F. Romero, K. Delate, D. Hannapel","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1751","url":null,"abstract":"Organic production of one of the most popular botanical supplements, Echinacea, continues to expand in the U.S. Echinacea seeds typically show a high degree of dormancy that can be broken by ethephon or gibberelic acid (GA), but these methods are currently disallowed in organic production. In order to determine the efficacy of non-chemical seed treatments, we evaluated the effect of varying seed source and supplying light, with and without cold-moist stratification, on seed germination of the three most important medicinal species of Echinacea, E. angustifolia DC, E. purpurea (L) Moench, and E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Treatments included cold-moist stratification under 24 h light, 24 h dark, and 16/8 h light/dark to break seed dormancy. We found that germination was greater in the E. purpurea and E. pallida seeds from a commercial organic seed source compared to a public germplasm source. When seeds were not cold-moist stratified, 16-24 h light increased germination in E. angustifolia only. Echinacea angustifolia, E. purpurea, and E. pallida seeds that were cold-moist stratified under 16-24 h of light for 4 wk had a significantly greater percentage and rate of germination compared to seeds germinated in the dark. Therefore, cold-moist stratification under light conditions is recommended as a method to break seed dormancy and increase germination rates in organic production of Echinacea.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125382225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Commercial Seed Lots Exhibit Reduced Seed Dormancy in Comparison to Wild Seed Lots of Echinacea purpurea. 紫锥菊商业种子区与野生种子区相比，种子休眠时间缩短。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1843

L. Qu, Xiping Wang, Ying Chen, R. Scalzo, M. Widrlechner, Jeanine M. Davis, J. Hancock

{"title":"Commercial Seed Lots Exhibit Reduced Seed Dormancy in Comparison to Wild Seed Lots of Echinacea purpurea.","authors":"L. Qu, Xiping Wang, Ying Chen, R. Scalzo, M. Widrlechner, Jeanine M. Davis, J. Hancock","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1843","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination patterns were studied in E. purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m(-2)·s(-1)) or darkness at 25 °C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations, but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128644792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Patterns of Variation in Alkamides and Cichoric Acid in Roots and Aboveground Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. 紫锥菊根部和地上部Alkamides和Cichoric Acid的变化规律Moench。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1239

L. Qu, Ying Chen, Xiping Wang, R. Scalzo, Jeanine M. Davis

{"title":"Patterns of Variation in Alkamides and Cichoric Acid in Roots and Aboveground Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.","authors":"L. Qu, Ying Chen, Xiping Wang, R. Scalzo, Jeanine M. Davis","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1239","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g(-1)). For total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in roots, from 0.62 to 3.42 (mean = 1.54) in nearly matured seed heads (NMSH), and 0.22 to 5.25 (mean = 0.77) in young tops (about ½ flower heads, ¼ leaves, and ¼ stems). For cichoric acid, concentrations among individual plants varied from 2.65 to 37.52 (mean = 8.95), from 2.03 to 31.58 (mean = 10.9), and from 4.79 to 38.55 (mean = 18.88) in the roots, the NMSH, and the tops, respectively. Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8/9) accounted for only 9.4% of the total alkamides in roots, but comprised 87.9% in the NMSH, and 76.6% in the young tops. Correlations of concentrations of alkamides or cichoric acid between those of roots and those of the NMSH were not statistically significant, and either within the roots, the NMSH, and the young tops. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of cichoric acid in the roots and in young tops, and a significant positive correlation was observed between total alkamide concentration in the roots and cichoric acid concentration in the young tops. These results may be useful in the genetic improvement of E. purpurea for medicinal use.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123392577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Ethylene synthesis and sensitivity in crop plants. 作物的乙烯合成及其敏感性。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1546

S. Klassen, B. Bugbee

引用次数: 31

Ethylene production throughout growth and development of plants. 乙烯在植物生长发育过程中产生。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1541

R. Wheeler, B. Peterson, G. Stutte

{"title":"Ethylene production throughout growth and development of plants.","authors":"R. Wheeler, B. Peterson, G. Stutte","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1541","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene production by 10 or 20 m2 stands of wheat, soybean, lettuce, potato, and tomato was monitored throughout growth and development in an atmospherically closed plant chamber. Chamber ethylene levels varied among species and rose during periods of canopy expansion and rapid growth for all species. Following this, ethylene levels either declined during seed fill and maturation for wheat and soybean, or remained relatively constant for potato and tomato (during flowering and early fruit development). Lettuce plants were harvested during rapid growth and peak ethylene production. Chamber ethylene levels increased rapidly during tomato ripening, reaching concentrations about 10 times that measured during vegetative growth. The highest ethylene production rates during vegetative growth ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 nmol m-2 d-1 during rapid growth of lettuce and wheat stands, or about 0.3 to 0.5 nmol g-1 fresh weight per hour. Estimates of stand ethylene production during tomato ripening showed that rates reached 43 nmol m-2 d-1 in one study and 93 nmol m-2 d-1 in a second study with higher lighting, or about 50x that of the rate during vegetative growth of tomato. In a related test with potato, the photoperiod was extended from 12 to 24 hours (continuous light) at 58 days after planting (to increase tuber yield), but this change in the environment caused a sharp increase in ethylene production from the basal rate of 0.4 to 6.2 nmol m-2 d-1. Following this, the photoperiod was changed back to 12 h at 61 days and ethylene levels decreased. The results suggest three separate categories of ethylene production were observed with whole stands of plants: 1) production during rapid vegetative growth, 2) production during climacteric fruit ripening, and 3) production from environmental stress.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114515259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light-emitting diodes. 在红色和蓝色发光二极管下补充绿光以促进生菜生长。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1617

Hyeon-Hye Kim, G. Goins, R. Wheeler, J. Sager

{"title":"Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light-emitting diodes.","authors":"Hyeon-Hye Kim, G. Goins, R. Wheeler, J. Sager","doi":"10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.7.1617","url":null,"abstract":"Plants will be an important component of future long-term space missions. Lighting systems for growing plants will need to be lightweight, reliable, and durable, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have these characteristics. Previous studies demonstrated that the combination of red and blue light was an effective light source for several crops. Yet the appearance of plants under red and blue lighting is purplish gray making visual assessment of any problems difficult. The addition of green light would make the plant leave appear green and normal similar to a natural setting under white light and may also offer a psychological benefit to the crew. Green supplemental lighting could also offer benefits, since green light can better penetrate the plant canopy and potentially increase plant growth by increasing photosynthesis from the leaves in the lower canopy. In this study, four light sources were tested: 1) red and blue LEDs (RB), 2) red and blue LEDs with green fluorescent lamps (RGB), 3) green fluorescent lamps (GF), and 4) cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF), that provided 0%, 24%, 86%, and 51% of the total PPF in the green region of the spectrum, respectively. The addition of 24% green light (500 to 600 nm) to red and blue LEDs (RGB treatment) enhanced plant growth. The RGB treatment plants produced more biomass than the plants grown under the cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF treatment), a commonly tested light source used as a broad-spectrum control.","PeriodicalId":140756,"journal":{"name":"HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130318224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 421

Ethephon Promotes Germination of Echinacea angustifolia and E. pallida in Darkness. 乙烯利促进紫锥菊和紫锥菊在黑暗中的萌发。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.5.1101

L. Qu, Xiping Wang, E. Hood, R. Scalzo

引用次数: 17

Chromosome Karyotypes of Echinacea angustifolia var. angustifolia and E. purpurea. 紫锥菊、紫锥菊和紫锥菊的染色体核型研究。

HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.39.2.368

L. Qu, Xiping Wang, E. Hood, Meihua Wang, R. Scalzo

引用次数: 8