International Journal of Green Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Extraction and purification of antibiotic principles from the culture medium of selected microbial isolates from sea cucumber","authors":"S. Sudhan","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2753","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Three broad-spectrum antibiotic-producing microbes (named IF32, IF52, and CF42) were identified and isolated from intestinal region and coelomic fluids of sea cucumber species collected from Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. Biochemical characterization of the isolated microbes and optimization of culture characteristic (for maximum antibiotic productivity) were performed. The present study focuses on extraction and purification of antibiotic principles from the culture medium of the selected isolates. Methodology: The antibiotic fermentation was carried out in the optimized fermentation medium under optimum conditions separately for the isolated species. After separation of the cells by filtration, the fermented culture media were subjected to solvent extraction using 1-butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Obtained residues were subjected to antibiotic screening against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 1430) by disc plate method. Purification of the selected residues which showed antibiotic activity was done by column chromatography using silica gel as packing material. Collected fractions of the three antibiotic residues were subjected to bioautography to ensure the purification of the antibiotics. Results: The results show that chloroform, 1-butanol, and ethyl acetate are found to be suitable solvents for the extraction of antibiotics from the fermented cultures of IF32, IF52, and CF42, respectively. Bioautography performed using fractions obtained from column chromatographic separation ensured the purification of the antibiotic principles.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of pregabalin and duloxetine in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain: A double-blind clinical study","authors":"T. G. Singh","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2752","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neuropathic pain is defined as a hypersensitivity to pain and spontaneous pain in involvement with damage to or a lesion of nervous system. Various drugs are recommended for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain which includes norepinephrine and serotonin and reuptake inhibitors, namely duloxetine, α-2δ ligands, namely pregabalin and gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioid derivatives. The present study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of duloxetine and pregabalin in the patients with diabetic neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study. The 100 patients were selected and divided into two groups, each group was having 50 patients. Group I was receiving 60 mg of duloxetine once daily (O.D) and Group II was receiving 150 mg of pregabalin O.D. for 12 weeks. The efficacy of the drugs in diabetic neuropathic patients was assessed using following parameters: Diabetic neuropathic 4 (DN4) pain questionnaire, C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analog scale (VAS), and vibration perception threshold (VPT). Results: In the present study, the patients obtained a better pain reduction in the group which was treated with pregabalin compared with duloxetine using VAS and DN4. However, there is no significant difference in VPT and CRP scores in both groups. Conclusion: Hence, the present study concluded that pregabalin therapy has better efficacy for reducing neuropathic pain than duloxetine.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72652944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity on leaves of Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f","authors":"M. Sathish","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2750","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In vitro antidiabetic activity of plant leaf extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f. was investigated and also, in vivo antidiabetic activity of an active extract was evaluated against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies were performed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay. Based on the in vitro studies, the active ethanol extract was selected for the in vivo antidiabetic activity. STZ (60 mg/kg body weight [BW], i.p.) was used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. The rats were divided into different groups and orally administered with active extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted rats at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment and analyzed. Results: It was found that ethanol extract shows good antidiabetic activity compared to other extracts. At 320 μg, ethanol extract shows greater percentage inhibition of 91.44% and 85.50% for alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, respectively. The standard acarbose also shows greater percentage inhibition of 95.44%. Parameters such as BW changes, fasting blood glucose level, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. On day 21, rats were sacrificed and pancreas was excised for the histopathological studies of pancreatic tissues. Conclusion: From the present study, it is evident that the ethanol extract on leaves of M. hederacea showed good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and also exerted a significant effect on lowering of blood glucose level against STZ-induced diabetic rats and significant reduction on serum LDL and significant increase serum HDL level. It suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89960466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of phytoconstituents and free radical scavenging activity of hydroethanol extract of Allium sativum bulb","authors":"Veena Sharma","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v13i04.2751","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allium sativum, a traditional medicinal herb, is used as a natural drug in India since ancient time. In this article, the antioxidant and scavenging of free radicals by A. sativum bulb extract were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The hydroethanol extract of A. sativum powder was prepared by the successive Soxhlet extraction process, and further, quantitative phytochemical estimation and in vitro antioxidant ability were conducted. Results: The hydroethanol extract of A. sativum contains the maximum number of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenol, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The findings of in vitro antioxidant ability confirmed that hydroethanol extract possesses free radical scavenging and antioxidant ability. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the present article concludes that bulbs of A. sativum contain essential molecules of antioxidants that possess therapeutic property.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74233710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of memory-enhancing effect of flunarizine on active avoidance in experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease through calcium homeostasis","authors":"Chandana Kamili","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2706","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease which involves complications in cognitive functioning leading to dementia. Flunarizine (FLN) is a selective, calcium channel blocker that is widely used in the treatment of migraine. Moreover, it was investigated that it can improve cognitive functioning by regulating calcium homeostasis. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of FLN in scopolamine-induced dementia model. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on male Swiss-albino mice, where Alzheimer’s type of dementia was induced by the administration of scopolamine. In the current investigation, the mice were divided into six groups and then test animals received FLN at the doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg after dosing with scopolamine at the dose of 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 7 days. Active avoidance was assessed by the use of elevated plus maze, T-maze, and Morris Water Maze test. The biochemical markers assessed were acetylcholinesterase, catalase, and lipoxygenase activity. Results: FLN at the doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg showed significantly increased impedance in learning and memory with all the tests. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates significant memory-enhancing effect of FLN.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of Anopheles gambiae larvae using fresh ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Capsicum frutescens var. baccatum","authors":"Sylvester Chibueze Izah","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2704","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study investigated the biocontrol of Anopheles gambiae larvae using fresh ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Capsicum frutescens var. baccatum. Materials and Methods: Ripe and unripe fruit extracts of C. frutescens var. baccatum were tested against A. gambiae for 24 h. The A. gambiae used for the study was obtained from the wild and identified following standard procedure. Results and Discussion: Results of the bioassay showed that 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentration, the percentage mortality was 0.00%, 16.67%, 38.33%, 46.67%, 70.00%, and 86.67%, respectively, for the unripe extracts, and 0%, 10.00%, 26.67%, 40.00%, 40.00%, and 66.67%, respectively, for the ripe extract. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference at P 0.05) at 50, 100, and 150 ppm, but significant variations (P < 0.05) exist at 200 and 250 ppm. The LC50value was 121.65 ppm for the unripe extract and 196.61 ppm for the ripe extracts. Conclusion and Recommendation: From the result of this study, there is the need for research to focus on the isolation and purification bioactive compounds that make the pepper confer activity against of larvae of A. gambiae.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87878379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical evaluation of Samarakhadyam (Byttneria herbacea Roxb.) whole plant – An extra pharmacopoeial drug of Ayurveda","authors":"T. Sharma","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2703","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Byttneria herbacea Roxb., family Sterculiaceae, is a small herb found in several parts of India. The plant as a whole is reported for traditional use in the management of dysentery, cuts, wounds, syphilis, cholera, diarrhea, leukorrhea, fracture of limbs, ulcers, and sprains, etc., in either powder or decoction form. Although used traditionally, whole plant powder has not been evaluated scientifically for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters till date. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate pharmacognostic, preliminary physicochemical, and phytochemical profiles including high-performance thin-layer chromatography of B. herbacea whole plant powder. Materials and Methods: B. herbacea was collected from Gandhamardan hill ranges of Odisha; shade dried and powdered through the mechanical grinder. Its powder microscopy, preliminary physicochemical, and phytochemical tests were investigated following standard recommended procedures of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Methanolic extract of the whole plant powder was determined for chromatographical evaluations. Results: Powder microscopy of the whole plant showed the presence of identifying characters such as ample amount of simple and compound starch grains, diacytic stomata, simple and stellate trichomes, annular vessels, fragments of spiral vessels, rhomboidal crystals, and brown content (tannin). Water-soluble extractive value (13.136%) was more than methanol soluble extractive value (5.652%), and pH was 6.5. The preliminary phytochemical study disclosed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. Chromatography study showed eight spots at 254 nm and seven spots at 366 nm. Conclusion: The findings of the study are going to be helpful in the identification and standardization of B. herbacea whole plant","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88260238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antiulcer activity of Manilkara zapota (Linn) leaves extract in Wistar rats","authors":"B. Semwal","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2701","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of Manilkara zapota leaf extract in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The leaf of M. zapota was air dried in the shade, powdered, and subjected to successive extraction in Soxhlet apparatus. The gastroprotective activity of the ethanol extract of M. zapota was evaluated using aspirin plus pylorus ligation and HCl plus ethanol-induced ulcer models. Results: Phytochemical analysis of various extracts of M. zapota revealed the presence of glycoside, flavonoid, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract of M. zapota (EEMZ) extract treatment shows potent and effective gastroprotection against aspirin plus pylorus ligation and HCl plus ethanol-induced ulcer models. In pylorus-ligated rats, the extract decreases the secretion of pepsin, gastric acidity, volume, and increases gastric pH, glycoprotein, protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and non-protein sulfhydryl levels. In the HCl plus ethanol-induced rats, the EEMZ treatment significantly increased the prostaglandin secretion and protects the gastric mucosa compared to the control group rats. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that EEMZ possesses a preventive effect against gastric ulcer model in the experimental animals.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85314436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of Excoecaria agallocha L. against streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications","authors":"G. Sharma","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2710","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of different extracts of Excoecaria agallocha L. in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) for the development of diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy. Diabetic nephropathy was evaluated by assessing levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1C), serum insulin level, albuminuria, serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen along with altered lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], very LDL, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol). Materials and Methods: Oral treatment of diabetic rats with extracts of E. agallocha L. improved renal dysfunction indicated by a significant decrease in urinary albumin; serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Moreover, a significant increase in body weight along with a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and Hb A1C in treated groups was observed. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic control rats indicated by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels was also ameliorated by treatment with extracts. Results and Discussion: Development of neuropathy was evident from marked hyperalgesia (thermal as well as mechanical) and tactile allodynia along with reduced Motor nervous conduction velocity (MNCV). An elevated level of nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also assessed in the sciatic nerve of diabetic neuropathy animals. Treatment with different extracts of E. agallocha L. significantly attenuated elevated thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Elevated tactile allodynia assessed using flexible Von Frey filaments was also reversed by extracts. Treatment with both extracts significantly attenuated the parameters of oxidative stress in sciatic nerve of diabetic neuropathy rats. Furthermore, level of nitrite, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-1β significantly increased in the sciatic nerve of diabetic neuropathy animals that were ameliorated by treatment with E. agallocha L. extracts. Conclusion: Histopathological changes in kidney, pancreas, liver, and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats were also reversed by the treatment. These findings suggested that treatment with E. agallocha L. ameliorated diabetes and its complications (diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathic pain).","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potent of Nigella sativa seeds extract and its oil","authors":"M. Ansari","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V13I04.2709","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of the current work is to elucidate the therapeutic property of Nigella sativa seeds (methanolic extract and seeds oil). The extent of activity and correlation has been studied. Materials and Methods: N. sativa seeds used to prepare methanolic extract and its oil are used to investigate in vitro anti-inflammation and total antioxidative property. Results: The analysis revealed that protein (albumin) denaturation was inhibited maximum in seeds oil of N. sativa with 82.966 ± 3.704%. Proteinase inhibitory action of seeds oil showed significant action and was found to be maximum with 39.623 ± 5.820%. Heat-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes showed that it was found maximum inhibition with 65.866 ± 3.066% while hypotonicity-induced hemolysis activity was done that it was found maximum inhibition with 69.109 ± 3.054%. When anti-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities were estimated, it was found maximum in seeds oil with 83.383 ± 3.294% and 64.863 ± 4.029%, respectively. When antioxidant activity was observed, it was found maximum in oil with 85.201 ± 4.235%. When two-way ANOVA was applied between various parameters, it was found significant with P < 0.05. However, when correlation was established between various anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, a strong positive correlation of 0.9 was obtained. Conclusion: An overall strong positive correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidative property was found, signifying that the antioxidative property of N. sativa might be accountable for its anti-inflammatory action. Further, it was found that its seeds oil holds better quantity and types of phytochemicals which possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative property. Thus, more efforts are desirable to effusively elucidate the antioxidants accountable for its anti-inflammation action, therefore, to develop improved herbal drug formulations.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84868704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}