{"title":"Classification and Grading of Harvested Mangoes Using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan Iqbal, Ayesha Hakim","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023069","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mango (Mangifera Indica L. Family Anacardiaceae) is a climatic fruit with a short shelf life. A significant percentage of fruit is wasted each year due to the time-consuming manual grading and classification process. There is a need to replace the traditional methods by adopting automation technologies in the agriculture sector. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach for automated classification and grading of eight cultivars of harvested mangoes based on quality features such as color, size, shape, and texture. Five types of data augmentation methods were used: images rotation, translation, zooming, shearing, and horizontal flip. We compared three architectures of 3-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): VGG16, ResNet152, and Inception v3 on augmented data. The proposed approach achieved up to 99.2% classification accuracy and 96.7% grading accuracy respectively using the Inception v3 architecture of CNN.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"91 4","pages":"95 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72597723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secondary Bud Growth and Fruitfulness of Vitis Vinifera L. ‘Grenache’ Grafted to Three Different Rootstocks and Grown within the Texas High Plains AVA","authors":"E. Graff, T. Montague, Suraj Kar","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1988809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1988809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, the economic impact of the grape and wine industry within Texas has significantly increased. The majority of grapes grown in Texas are produced within the Texas High Plains American Viticultural Area (AVA). Vineyards within this AVA are subject to late spring frosts that may potentially reduce crop yields, and lower fruit quality. Objectives of this experiment were to compare the growth and fruitfulness of shoots grown from primary and secondary buds of V. vinifera ‘Grenache’ vines grafted onto three rootstocks (110 R, 1103P, and Freedom). Over two growing seasons, field-grown vines were exposed to the following treatments: primary bud growth and forced secondary bud growth (simulated late spring frost). Leaf gas exchange, pruning cane weight, vine yield, and fruit maturity data were collected each year. Bud treatment or rootstock did not influence leaf gas exchange. Cane weight and yield data were greater for shoots grown from primary bud shoots, and rootstock 1103P. In addition, berries grown from primary buds and 1103P rootstocks were more mature compared to fruits from secondary buds or vines grown on other rootstocks. Results offer insight into the potential interaction of ‘Grenache’ scions with grafted rootstocks during a late spring frost within the Texas High Plains AVA.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"167 1","pages":"64 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73957499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Osorio Montoya, Ana María Henao Ramírez, Tatiana de la Hoz Vasquez, Aura Inés Urrea Trujillo
{"title":"Propagation of IMC67 Plants, Universal Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Rootstock via Somatic Embryogenesis","authors":"Tatiana Osorio Montoya, Ana María Henao Ramírez, Tatiana de la Hoz Vasquez, Aura Inés Urrea Trujillo","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One major problem with cacao crops is the variability of plantings obtained from seeds. This has led to considering somatic embryogenesis (SE), a means of obtaining stable clones with minimal somaclonal variation; however, achieving this has not been possible with many genotypes. In this work, we used IMC67 genotype (rootstock in the traditional grafting process) to evaluated various SE protocols; four culture media for induction and expression primary embryogenesis (PSE): induction medium (INDI), expression medium (INDIEXP), primary callus induction medium (PCG), and secondary callus growth medium (SCG), as well as two explants (petal and staminode). Different culture times for PSE (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 days) and SSE (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80 days) were evaluated in terms of callus formation, PSE, and SSE. For acclimation, seven substrates were evaluated for plantlet survival. One hundred percent callogenesis was achieved at 50 days with the staminode in INDI, and the most PSE per explant (8) in INDIexp was achieved at 45 days. Secondary somatic embryogenesis (SSE) obtained the most globular and cotyledonary embryos (30) at 30 days in callus multiplication (CM2). The embryos achieved conversion and development into plantlets in maturation medium (MM6). Embryogenic efficiency from explants was 11.7 for PSE, and 15.2 for SSE. Acclimation obtained a 42.1% survival rate in the 70% sand- 30% soil substrate. This work reports a complete regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis up to plantlet development in a nursey for the IMC67 rootstock genotype; contributing to standardizing a high-quality plant production system.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"78 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82374724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of in Vitro Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Annona Cherimola Mill","authors":"Segundo Maita, Nube Minchala, René Orellana","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1988810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1988810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Yield in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is affected by various factors reducing fertilization and fruit production such as: the protogynous dichogamy of the flowers, deficient natural pollination, and low pollen quality. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro the differences in pollen quality of nine ecotypes and one cultivar of A. cherimola from pollen samples collected at the female and male phenological stages of flowering. The percentage of pollen germination and the length of pollen tubes was evaluated in vitro at 2 and 24 hours after incubation at 21°C, in two phenological stages of the flowers during bloom in 2018 and 2019 seasons. The germination medium contained: 10% sucrose, 1% agar, 0.005% boric acid, and 0.025% calcium nitrate. Fabulosa and Austro ecotypes and the Fino de Jete cultivar had the highest pollen germination in the male phenological stage, after 2 and 24 hours in both seasons. Fabulosa had the highest percentage of germination in the female stage in both seasons. The ideal phenological stage for pollen collection was at anther dehiscence. Austro and Fabulosa ecotypes had the longest pollen tubes after 2 and 24 hours, in both phenological stages for both seasons. Fabulosa and Austro ecotypes, and Fino de Jete cultivar, showed promising pollen characteristics for hand pollination of cherimoya.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76431176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mango Stem Response under Different Irrigation Regimes","authors":"F. Hahn, J. A. García","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1970080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1970080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mexico has dominated the international mango trade having high yields and excellent fruit quality. The use of soil, plant and environmental sensors can monitor plant hydric status and optimize water application. Linear resistance dendrometers were developed and installed in a high-density 8-year old commercial mango orchard during two seasons; 10 in 2019 and 40 in 2020. Stem diameter fluctuations were acquired every 10 minutes to obtain maximum diameter (MXD), minimum diameter (MND), morning slope (MS) and afternoon slope (AS). Mango stem response during flowering, fruit-fall and fruit-growth was analyzed after applying daily irrigation (DI) or reduced deficit irrigation (RDI). Yield was similar for both treatments, but water use efficiency was higher with deficit irrigation. A new variable known as negative integral (NI) was obtained from the dendrometer signature after adding all the values between 8:00 and 18:00. NI provided a stem shrinkage magnitude, peaks attributed to transpiration and slopes showing flow transport to and from the trunk. NI presented a high correlation of 0.85 against T7 during the flowering stage for RDI-1. If NI crossed zero, a severe stress was present; a high AS present in the evening, indicates nutrient solution provided to fruits. Fruit yield depends on panicle number and fruit-drop during the first production stages, being RDI-1 more efficient in retaining fruits.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"35 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74149115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ornamental Date Palm and Sidr Trees: Fruit Elements Composition and Concerns Regarding Consumption","authors":"Z. Ahmed, N. Kaur, F. E. Hassan","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1995570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1995570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ornamental date palm and sidr trees growing near or within urban areas are exposed to heavy metals (HMs) contamination. This study aimed to determine the elemental composition and HMs concentrations of fruits from ornamental date palm and sidr trees to evaluate their relative safety for human/animal consumption. The results showed that while these fruits contain varying quantities of essential nutrients (macro and trace elements), the concentrations of macro elements and trace elements in the fruits varied significantly depending on location. The concentrations levels were within the acceptable limits and thus safe. Heavy metals were also present in the fruits at different locations. The concentrations of the HMs were within the permissible limits in the majority of the locations, with the exception of some samples collected from sites with increased traffic density; which had lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), concentrations above the permissible limits. Washing the fruits reduced the load of HMs contamination in most of the samples; however, the concentrations were still above the maximum allowable limits (MAL) in highly contaminated samples. Accordingly, fruits produced by ornamental date palm and sidr trees may pose some risk for human and animal consumption depending on the location and contamination level of specific HMs.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"17 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79261024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arindo Lukawu Akweni, S. Sibanda, G. E. Zharare, C. Zimudzi
{"title":"Deriving Biomass Allocation and Carbon Stocks in Fruit Components of Strychnos Madagascariensis (Poir.) And Strychnos Spinosa (Lam.) In South Africa","authors":"Arindo Lukawu Akweni, S. Sibanda, G. E. Zharare, C. Zimudzi","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1990188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1990188","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fruits contribute to carbon (C) fixation in fruit tree species of savannah woodlands despite that the C fixed in fruits is rapidly turned back to carbon dioxide (CO2) when the fruits decompose or are eaten. The aim of this study was to determine biomass allocation between fruit components of Strychnos madagascariensis and Strychnos spinosa and to derive the C stocks sequestrated by fruits. A total of 400 ripe fruits were harvested from trees distributed in seven plots across the UMkhanyakude district. Fruit shell and pulp were separated from seeds. Puree and juice of S. spinosa were separated by centrifugation and steam extraction, respectively. Moisture contents of the fruit components were measured. For S. madagascariensis fruits, seeds contributed the most biomass (50.2%), followed by the shell (30.8%), and pulp had the least biomass (16.7%). The loss of material was 2.3%. For S. spinosa, the largest part of fruit biomass was in the shell (41.8%), followed by puree (25.6%), seeds (18.6%), juice (6.2%), and pulp (0.9%). The loss of material was 6.9%. Fruit dry biomass (FDB; in g) and fruit carbon stocks (CB; in g) were both related to fruit diameter (D; in cm) for S. madagascariensis (FDB = 1.022 ᵡ D 2.492; CB = 0.463 ᵡ D 2.539) and S. spinosa (FDB = 1.015 ᵡ D 2.38; CB = 0.198 ᵡ D 2.821). Proportion values and regression techniques were both valid methods to derive biomass and carbon stocks of the fruit and its components.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83680336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. B. Santos, F. P. D. Araujo, Acácio Figueiredo Neto, S. T. D. Freitas, J. D. S. Araújo, S. B. D. O. Vilar, A. J. B. Araújo, Marcos dos Santos Lima
{"title":"Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp of Two Brazilian Passion Fruit Species: Passiflora Cincinnata Mast. And Passiflora Edulis Sims","authors":"T. B. Santos, F. P. D. Araujo, Acácio Figueiredo Neto, S. T. D. Freitas, J. D. S. Araújo, S. B. D. O. Vilar, A. J. B. Araújo, Marcos dos Santos Lima","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1872050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1872050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT About 600 species of Passiflora are described around the world, of which 120 are native to Brazil. In the present work, the phytochemical compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the antioxidant activities (AOX) were measured in the pulp of P. edulis and P. cincinnata species. The P. edulis presented a higher bioactive content and AOX when compared to P. cincinnata. Citric and malic acids were the main organic acids found. The principal component analysis-PCA associated the highest values of quercetin-3-glucoside, hesperidin, trans-caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-resveratrol, rutin, procyanidin-B2, epigallocatechin-gallate and epicatechin-gallate, to P. cincinnata. The P. edulis was associated with higher values of total phenolic, vitamin C, total carotenoids, AOX (DPPH•, ABTS+• and FRAP), cis-resveratrol, naringenin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, myricetin and procyanidin-B1. P. cincinnata, although not a commercial species such as P. edulis, presented phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in acceptable values, including the high values of quercetin 3-glucoside. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the physical-chemical composition of the Passiflora species.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"255 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90241186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hansen, B. Black, D. Alston, T. Lindstrom, S. Olsen
{"title":"A Comparison of Nine Primocane Fruiting Raspberry Cultivars for Suitability to a High-Elevation, Arid Climate","authors":"S. Hansen, B. Black, D. Alston, T. Lindstrom, S. Olsen","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.1897921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1897921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A replicated trial, planted in 2011, compared nine primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars for suitability to commercial production in the U.S. Intermountain West. Factors evaluated included annual yield, fruit size, fruiting season, consumer preference, leaf chlorophyll content, and cane infestation by raspberry horntail, a common insect pest of raspberries in northern Utah. ‘Joan J’ was the highest yielding cultivar, averaging 3.32 kg per row meter, followed by ‘Polana’, ‘Autumn Bliss’, and ‘Dinkum’ with 2.53, 2.01, and 1.34 kg·m−1, respectively. ‘Autumn Bliss’ and ‘Joan J’ were the earliest to fruit with a harvest midpoint 4 and 2 days before ‘Polana’, respectively. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (CCl) was highest in ‘Joan J’ and ‘Autumn Treasure’, averaging 30.9 and 27.0 CCl, respectively. All cultivars exhibited similar susceptibility to raspberry horntail, with differences in infestation rates related to the location in the field. A survey of farmers’ market customers found the highest consumer preference for ‘Autumn Bliss’, ‘Dinkum’, and ‘Vintage’. Only the earliest cultivars gave commercially viable yields for the high elevation valleys of the Intermountain West region of the U.S.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"82 1","pages":"500 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90266178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas A. Panou, K. Akrida-Demertzi, P. Demertzis, K. Riganakos
{"title":"Effect of Gaseous Ozone and Heat Treatment on Quality and Shelf Life of Fresh Strawberries during Cold Storage","authors":"Andreas A. Panou, K. Akrida-Demertzi, P. Demertzis, K. Riganakos","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2020.1866735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2020.1866735","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent which is used in foods preservation on account of its ability of killing microorganisms. In the present study, the combined effects of ozone gas treatment and heat treatment on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics and shelf-life of strawberries kept under refrigeration were investigated. Strawberries were heat treated, ozonated at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm for 40 min and ozonated at the above-mentioned conditions in combination with heat treatment. Ozone and heat treatment affected significantly (p < .05) weight loss percentage and titratable acidity. Total soluble solids (TSS) content was affected significantly by heat treatment, ozone treatment at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 ppm and by the ozone treatments at all concentrations plus heat treatment. Color parameters L*, a*, b*, and pH were affected significantly by ozonation at concentration of 1.5 ppm plus heat treatment. Firmness, pH, and color parameter L* were affected significantly by ozonation at 1.0 ppm. Heat treatment and ozonation at 1.0 ppm plus heat treatment also affected firmness. In conclusion, strawberries treated with ozone at a concentration of 0.5 ppm and at 0.5 ppm plus heat treatment recorded a higher score in sensory analysis and slightly longer storage time.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"218 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89170529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}