A. Mansoory, O. Khademi, A. Naji, Iman Rohollahi, E. Sepahvand
{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Three Diospyros Species, Collected from Different Regions in Iran, Using ISSR and SCoT Molecular Markers","authors":"A. Mansoory, O. Khademi, A. Naji, Iman Rohollahi, E. Sepahvand","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2034563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2034563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Diospyros genus contains approximately 400 to 500 species, among which D. kaki is cultivated as the edible persimmon. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Diospyros genotypes is of high significance for breeding programs. In this research, the genetic diversity of 57 Diospyros genotypes collected from different regions of Iran was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Seven ISSR and 10 SCoT markers produced a total of 42 and 75 fragments with the averages of 6 and 7.5 fragments per primer, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR markers was 0.3 and for SCoT markers was 0.36. The average marker index (MI) for ISSR and SCoT markers were 1.81 and 1.79, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient and UPGMA method classified 57 Diospyros genotypes into four main groups based on ISSR and SCoT markers. However, the clustering pattern based on the combination of ISSR and SCoT markers data separated the species genotypes better than each marker alone. Accordingly, groups 1 and 2 contained all D. kaki genotypes, both encompassing various subgroups, group 3 included D. lotus and group 4 included D. virginiana genotypes. Genotype distribution visualized with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was in accordance with the cluster analysis. Based on our results Iran is a rich source of Diospyrus germplasm, and a combination of ISSR and SCoT markers can be used as an accurate technique for evaluating genetic diversity among the Diospyros genotypes.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90390045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Humic Acid, Nitrogen Concentrations and Application Method on the Morphological, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Strawberry ‘Paros’","authors":"M. Rostami, A. Shokouhian, M. Mohebodini","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study investigates the effects of humic acid concentration, its application methods as well as nitrogen ratios on the morphological, yield and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Paros, during 2014–2015 in Ardabil Province, Iran. The study has been conducted within the framework of a double split plot randomized complete block design with three replications and density of 10 plants per replications. Different nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1) were examined in the main plots while application methods of humic acid (foliar and soil) and its different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha−1) were considered in the subplots and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the interaction effects of different concentrations of nitrogen, humic acid and its application methods are significant on most of the measured variables at 5% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that the highest values for the leaf area, fruit yield, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and titratable acidity are associated with the combined treatments of nitrogen and humic acid with concentrations of 100 kg ha−1 and 4 kg ha−1, respectively. In three-way interactions, the highest shoot and root biomass and total chlorophyll content were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha−1nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid, while the highest nitrogen and protein contents of leaf and root were achieved upon applying 2 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid and 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen. Moreover, the highest amounts of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids were found at a concentration level of 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with applying 2 and 6 kg ha−1 foliar and soil humic acids, respectively. Finally, the best results of most of the studied traits were observed at 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid application.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80447878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proximate and Microbial Composition of Cooking Banana Dried Using an Active Indirect Mode Solar Dryer","authors":"P. Etim, K. Simonyan, A. Eke","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proximate and microbial composition of cooking banana was determined after an active indirect solar drying experiment. The study was aimed at comparing the quality of dried cooking banana with similar products like banana and plantain. Fresh samples of the product were obtained from a local market in Umudike, Nigeria. The samples were washed, peeled, and sliced to the desired thickness (4 to 20 mm), before being loaded onto the dryer. The crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate content, ash content, and moisture content were determined after the drying experiment. The microbial load of the dried samples was also determined. The moisture content (10.20%), crude protein (7.18%), crude lipid (3.61%), and carbohydrate (85.61%) were higher than 6.00, 3.06, 2.80, and 82.90% respectively obtained for unripe banana. The ash content (2.21%) was lower than that of unripe banana (2.95%). A total of thirty-eight (38) bacterial isolates were observed from the sample and some of which were identified as Staphylococcus sp, bacillus subillus, and micrococcus sp. Eleven (11) molds (Fungal) were isolated from the dried samples, with Asperligillusniger and Absidia sp dominant. The frequency of occurrence was observed to had been higher in fungal than bacterial isolates.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian S. Cuesta-Riaño, Maria P. Castro-Guascaa, M. P. Tarazona-Díaz
{"title":"Anthocyanin Extract from Blackberry Used as an Indicator of Hydrogen Potential","authors":"Christian S. Cuesta-Riaño, Maria P. Castro-Guascaa, M. P. Tarazona-Díaz","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2037036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2037036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are present in blackberries and can be used in the food industry as visual indicators that allow understanding the color variations related to the quality of a food. The purpose of this study was evaluated castilla blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and wild blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) were assessed considering the type of raw material; fresh and lyophilized (22°C, 4.3 mbar, 7 days), pretreatment with microwaves (2450 MHz, 30s) and extraction method; conventional and assisted by ultrasound (300 W, 10 min) in the extraction of monomeric anthocyanins. The lyophilized raw material, the use of microwaves and ultrasound-assisted extraction extract more anthocyanins. The extracts changed color accordingly to pH, presenting colorations from red to green.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72415246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of ingredients level for developing yellow passion (passiflora edulis) fruit jam","authors":"Bayu Tadele, S. Abera, Belay Dereje","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the optimum level of ingredients to develop an acceptable jam product from yellow passion fruit. The jam was developed from fresh yellow passion fruit using four ingredients: sugar, pectin and citric acid of different levels. The different ingredient levels were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A uniform precision type Box-Behnken design consisting of three variables in a three-level pattern with 17 runs (with five center points) was employed to optimize the jam to obtain a product with adequate sensory acceptability, especially, overall acceptability. Sensory analysis for appearance, color, flavor, sweetness, taste, texture and overall acceptability was performed. Jam produced under the optimum conditions was subjected to sensory evaluation, and the results were compared with the RSM predictions. Data obtained from RSM were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a second-order polynomial equation. Results showed that the model fit was significant (p < .05) for appearance, flavor, taste, sweetness and even highly significant (p < .01) for texture, color and overall acceptability. There was also a satisfactory correlation between actual and predicted values. Depending on the best sensory score obtained, the optimum ingredient levels were 400 g/kg, 5.24 g/kg and 1 g/kg for sugar, pectin and citric acid, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84634458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Mango Post-Harvest Losses along Value Chain in the Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Kassa Tarekegn, Fasika Kelem","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2025194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2025194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Even though the Gamo zone is a prevalent mango producing area in Ethiopia, the lack of comprehensive post-harvest loss research along the mango value chain prevents respective stakeholders from recognizing the socioeconomic, nutritional and environmental significance of the post-harvest loss problem. Improving the post-harvesting handling practice not only increases the production by reduction of post-harvest loss but also increases food access at the market level with prices adjustment. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the post-harvest loss along the mango value chain and the challenges that actors and stakeholders face in the process. To do this, 120 mango producers were selected following a multistage sampling procedure. The analysis result shows that the main reasons for the low productivity of mango are the use of the local variety, disease and insect pests and lack of improved harvesting technologies. The result also shows about 41% of mango loss in the study area was due to a lack of improved harvesting mechanism and infection by disease and pests and poor transportation mechanisms. From this loss, the harvesting stage shares the largest share (18%) along the mango value chain. In addition, lack of improved mango varieties, lack of cooperative and wholesale marketing and lack of value addition practice are the major identified problems in the study area. There is also a huge loss of mango production in the study area that needs immediate intervention from respective stakeholders. Thus, dissemination of improved varieties through the distribution of seedlings, modifying the existing harvesting materials and introduction of improved harvesting technologies, strengthening the cooperative marketing and supporting alternative products development through processing was suggested.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81213805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Fruit Rot Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in Highbush Blueberry","authors":"T. Miles, J. Hancock","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2022567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2022567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthracnose fruit rot, caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a major disease of highbush blueberries. The inheritance of fruit rot resistance to C. fioriniae was investigated in crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility. Three cultivars with known resistance profiles (Bluecrop, Elliott, and Jersey) and progeny from 16 crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility were screened. Fruit of field-grown bushes was inoculated when immature, harvested when ripe, and rated for infection incidence after 5, 8, and 12 days of incubation at 100% RH and 22–23°C. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) values were calculated for 2010 and 2011 and slightly higher disease pressure was observed in 2011. These values were then regressed against actual disease incidences of cultivars and predicted (midparent) values for cross families based on two previous studies in 2010 and 2011 and significant correlations with the proportion of fruit decayed and sporulation capacity were observed. These findings provide strong evidence that anthracnose resistance is heritable in highbush blueberries, which has important implications for anthracnose resistance breeding. Additionally, this research provides benchmark AUDPC values for evaluation of future breeding selections for their resistance to C. fioriniae.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87193902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Qessaoui, Mariem Zanzan, Abdelhadi Ajerrar, Hind Lahmyed, Ahmed Boumair, R. Tahzima, M. Alouani, E. Mayad, B. Chebli, S. Walters, R. Bouharroud
{"title":"Pseudomonas Isolates as Potential Biofungicides of Green Mold (Penicillium Digitatum) on Orange Fruit","authors":"R. Qessaoui, Mariem Zanzan, Abdelhadi Ajerrar, Hind Lahmyed, Ahmed Boumair, R. Tahzima, M. Alouani, E. Mayad, B. Chebli, S. Walters, R. Bouharroud","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2018671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2018671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is a serious disease of citrus fruit during postharvest. The focus of this study was to evaluate possible biological alternatives to chemical fungicides for P. digitatum control. Four Pseudomonas isolates (Q110B, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B) were isolated from rhizospheric soil and evaluated for their antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. The in vitro evaluations of these isolates by dual culture revealed an important zone of inhibition after 3 days of incubation at 25 ± 2°C. The Q004B isolate provided a high zone of inhibition in vitro at 45 mm diameter. Four Pseudomonas isolates tested showed antagonistic activity against P. digitatum on orange fruit after 7 days of inoculation under postharvest conditions. Inhibition percentage of P. digitatum on orange fruit ranged from 22 to 85% for Q004B and Q112B, respectively. Regarding the mechanism of action, the four tested isolates produced volatile compounds in vitro with inhibition percentage ranging from 35% to 79%, respectively for Q004B andQ125B. The Q004B isolate caused a high spore inhibition rate of 46%, while Q110B had no effect on spore germination. The four isolates of Pseudomonas produced siderophores in CAS medium. Additionally, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B showed a positive chitinolytic activity, whereas Q110B provided negative results to the chitinase assay. These isolates represent potential candidates for biological control of citrus green mold and may be effectively used as a sustainable alternative measure to chemical fungicide control.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73299186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphorus Dynamics in Clementine Mandarin","authors":"N. Barlas, D. Kadyampakeni","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2014017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2014017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study sought to investigate the internal cycling of phosphorus (P) in Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco “Clementine”). The biomass formation, P concentration, P uptake and accumulation of different organs (bud, flower, fruit, leaf and branches) identified as active organs and found on 1-year-old shoots on fruit trees of bearing age were periodically examined for 2 years. The biomass value was similar between both production seasons. At the beginning of shoot activity, the biomass of annual shoots had a very low rate in the total biomass (0.4%). The biomass increased from 9.7 kg/tree at the beginning of the production season to 62.8 kg/tree at harvest. The P concentrations were in the ranges of 0.11–0.22% in the branches of <1-year-old shoots throughout the 2 years, 0.07–0.15% in the branches of 1-year-old shoots, 0.17–0.31% in the leaves of <1-year-old shoots and 0.13–0.26% in the fruits of <1-year-old and 1-year-old shoots. The total P accumulation at harvest was 82 and 107 g/tree in the first and second years for <1-year-old shoots, respectively, while it was 44 and 48 g/tree for 1-year-old shoots, in the first and second years respectively. The mean daily P uptake amount was determined as 0.4 g/tree for both production years, and the highest daily P accumulation amount was between the fifteenth and twenty-eighth days for both production seasons.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Arogundade, J. Matthew, O. I. Akinyoola, P. E. Akin-Idowu, S. Akinyemi
{"title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Mango Cultivars in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"O. Arogundade, J. Matthew, O. I. Akinyoola, P. E. Akin-Idowu, S. Akinyemi","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morphological and microsatellites (SSR) markers are efficient tools for determining genetic relatedness among mango cultivars. Seventeen mango cultivars were used for this study. Eight fruit quantitative traits were collected and subjected to mean separation using One-Way ANOVA and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Also, molecular analysis was done using PCR-based SSR markers. The resulting binary matrix was analyzed using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc). Significant variation (p ≤ .05) among all the 17 mango cultivars was observed for the eight quantitative traits studied. The PCA showed that the fruits length, width, thickness weights, %pulp and %stone contributed to 98.73% of the variation observed in all the mango cultivars. A total of 21 alleles were detected from the seven polymorphic primers ranging from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 3.0 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.52 to 0.80 with an average of 0.66. Both the morphological and molecular markers showed that the mango cultivars were diverse except for ‘Saigon’ and ‘Julie’ as well as ‘Harden’ and ‘Lipen’ which though appear morphologically distinct based on the understudied traits but showed strong similarity to each other through molecular analysis. Dendrogram constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on SSR markers revealed a similarity coefficient of 48–93% indicating high level of variability and the presence of outbreeding. Results of the morphological and microsatellite (SSR) analyses showed wide diversity among the mango cultivar used in this study.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86521085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}