{"title":"Association between gene mutations and outcomes in Japanese high-risk AML patients: a phase 1/2 study of NS-87/CPX-351.","authors":"Hideki Makishima, Taisuke Mikasa, Kento Isogaya, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Takuji Yamauchi, Akira Yokota, Masahiro Onozawa, Kiyoshi Ando, Yoshiaki Ogawa, Kensuke Usuki, Takahiro Yamauchi, Shuichi Ota, Satoru Takada, Yasuyoshi Morita, Takayuki Ishikawa, Katsuto Takenaka, Junya Kuroda, Naohiro Sekiguchi, Toshiro Kawakita, Yasushi Miyazaki","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03956-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03956-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This phase 1/2 study investigated the association between genetic characteristics and outcomes for NS-87/CPX-351 in Japanese patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. Blood samples collected from 29 patients were analyzed using a 70-gene next-generation sequencing panel. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (44.8%), TET2 (24.1%), DNMT3A (13.8%), and NRAS (13.8%). The rates of composite complete remission (CRc; complete remission [CR] or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery [CRi]) were comparable between patients with and without mutations in TP53, TET2, DNMT3A, and NRAS (P = 0.571 for all). Notably, patients with TP53 mutations had a similar CRc rate (69.2% vs. 56.3%), but shorter overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to patients with wild-type TP53 (median OS: 7.43 vs. 18.18 months; P = 0.108, median EFS: 2.43 vs. 6.28 months; P = 0.012, median RFS: 1.48 vs. 10.19 months; P = 0.012). In conclusion, no gene mutations directly associated with the efficacy of NS-87/CPX-351 were found. While NS-87/CPX-351 achieved remission even in patients with TP53 mutations, relapse risk was higher in these patients. Therefore, it is advisable to consider treatment strategies such as early transplantation after achieving remission with NS-87/CPX-351, especially in patients with TP53 mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple and early prediction of severe CAR-T-related adverse events after Axi-cel infusion by initial high fever.","authors":"Hiroya Wakabayashi, Seitaro Terakura, Kohei Ishigiwa, Fumiya Ohara, Shiho Hirano, Hirofumi Yokota, Shihomi Kuwano, Katsuya Furukawa, Kazuyuki Shimada, Takahiko Sato, Ryo Hanajiri, Hitoshi Kiyoi","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03957-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03957-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T)-related adverse events (CAR-AEs), such as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), can be life-threatening and may require high-dose steroids. Identifying patients at high risk for severe CAR-AEs in a simplified way is crucial for early therapeutic intervention. This retrospective study analyzed 44 patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) to identify predictive factors for severe CAR-AEs. We found that grade ≥ 3 ICANS, hemophagocytic syndrome, and ICU admission were associated with a greater need for high-dose steroids, which we defined as events associated with high-dose steroids (EHS). The incidence of EHS was significantly higher in patients who developed an initial fever (≥ 38.6 °C) within 24 h of CAR-T infusion (p < 0.001). Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter in patients with EHS compared to those without EHS (p < 0.001). Additionally, patients who developed a fever within 24 h and those with a peak fever of ≥ 38.6 °C both tended to have higher peak CAR-T counts compared to other patients. Our findings suggest that an initial fever (≥ 38.6 °C) within 24 h of Axi-cel infusion may predict severe CAR-AEs requiring high-dose steroids, and that EHS is associated with worse PFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk of ankylosing spondylitis in long-term follow-up of hematopoietic stem cell donors: impact of HLA-B27 status and donation type.","authors":"Sung-Chao Chu, Chia-Jung Hsieh, Shang-Hsien Yang, Kuo-Liang Yang, Kuei-Ying Su, Wei-Han Huang, Dian-Kun Li, Woei-Yau Kao, Szu-Chin Li, Sheng-Chuan Huang, Chi-Cheng Li, Ruey-Ho Kao, Tso-Fu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03926-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03926-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a pivotal curative therapy for various hematologic diseases, and donor safety is paramount. A few cases of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been reported in healthy unrelated donors, but the incidence has not been previously described. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1098 bone marrow (BM) and 3890 peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donors between January 1998 and December 2018, along with healthy participants from the donor registry using de-identified data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The overall AS incidences among donors and non-donors were both 0.38%. AS incidence did not differ between BM and PBSC donors and their matched counterparts. Individuals with HLA-B27 exhibited higher incidence rate ratios than those without HLA-B27 in both the BM and PBSC cohorts. In those individuals with HLA-B27, BM donors showed a relative risk of 3.85 (p = 0.0017) compared to non-donors, while the risk for PBSC donors was not significantly higher (1.36, p = 0.339). The findings suggest that while AS incidence among HSC donors is comparable to non-donors, HLA-B27 positivity is the main risk factor associated with AS development, particularly among BM donors. This study provides valuable insights into the safety of HSCT donation and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transplantation outcomes of TP53-mutant AML and MDS: a single transplantation center experience of 63 patients.","authors":"Yasutaka Masuda, Daichi Sadato, Takashi Toya, Yuzuru Hosoda, Chizuko Hirama, Hiroaki Shimizu, Yuho Najima, Hironori Harada, Yuka Harada, Noriko Doki","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03951-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03951-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is recommended for TP53-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) despite a high relapse rate and poor survival. To understand TP53 alterations on a molecular level and define stratified prognostic outcomes following transplantation, we performed targeted next-generation sequencing on 63 patients who underwent transplantation for TP53-mutant AML/MDS and profiled their molecular spectrum. Sixty-eight TP53 mutations were detected, with a median variant allele frequency of 46.8%. Copy number alterations at the TP53 locus were present in 19 patients (30%). Complex karyotype was detected in 48 patients (76%) and was significantly associated with larger TP53 clone size, bi-allelic status, and the absence of concurrent mutations, reflecting the high TP53 mutational burden. Specifically, 51 patients (81%) with the dominant TP53 clone greatly overlapped with those with the complex karyotype. Multivariable overall survival (OS) analysis identified AML (hazard ratio [HR], 2.51; P = 0.03) and TP53 clonal dominance (HR, 5.30; P = 0.002) as prognostic factors. One-year OS was worse in AML with the dominant TP53 clone than in others (13% vs 61%; P < 0.001). Our results underscore the utility of mutational profile-guided risk stratification in patients with TP53-mutant AML/MDS, and could aid in transplantation-related decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stopping bosutinib reverses bosutinib-induced elevation of serum creatinine in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Maiko Abumiya, Ayano Saito, Yuki Fujioka, Masatomo Miura, Naoto Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03954-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03954-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bosutinib is known to increase serum creatinine levels, and its mechanism of action is believed to involve a decrease in tubular creatinine excretion due to inhibition of tubular transporters and organic cation transporter 2. This study aimed to determine whether discontinuation of bosutinib could reverse bosutinib-induced elevation of serum creatinine levels. Serum creatinine levels were compared immediately before and after bosutinib administration and after bosutinib discontinuation in 11 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The median serum creatinine concentration significantly increased from 0.66 mg/dL before bosutinib to 0.76 mg/dL after bosutinib (P = 0.003) and decreased from 0.79 mg/dL before discontinuation of bosutinib to 0.66 mg/dL after discontinuation of bosutinib at 3 months (P = 0.005). This study revealed that bosutinib-induced elevation of serum creatinine, which was more pronounced in patients with the SLC22A2 808G/G genotype, does not indicate chronic kidney disease, but rather is simply a laboratory abnormality. If bosutinib-induced chronic kidney disease is suspected, renal function should be assessed by urinalysis and cystatin C levels to differentiate from simple elevation of serum creatinine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel stroma-dependent leukemia cell line from a patient with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia with Ph chromosome and PAX5 mutation.","authors":"Shoko Ishii, Yasuhiro Arakawa, Hiroto Ishii, Kazuaki Yokoyama, Hiroki Yokoyama, Takeshi Saito, Shingo Yano","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03944-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03944-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare and aggressive form of leukemia with a poor prognosis and no established treatment. In this study, we established a novel leukemic cell line, JMPAL-1, from a specimen of a 69-year-old patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive MPAL. Flow cytometry showed that JMPAL-1 expresses B-cell markers but not myeloperoxidase. A genomic analysis of JMPAL-1 cells revealed the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, missense mutation in PAX5, homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and BRAF amplification. This cell line was stroma-dependent in proliferation and required co-culturing with mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (9-15C). Knowing the differences between JMPAL-1 and patient leukemia cells may improve understanding of the in vivo versus in vitro behavior of leukemia, clonal selection, and transformation. The stroma-dependent growth pattern of JMPAL-1 also provides a unique platform to study tumor-stromal interactions and their role in leukemic cell survival and drug resistance. Our study highlights the importance of establishing preclinical models such as JMPAL-1 and performing detailed cytogenetic analysis to develop targeted therapies in line with the pathogenesis of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karyotype evolution of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 mutations.","authors":"Yosuke Matsumoto, Daishi Kato, Ayako Muramatsu, Mio Sugitani, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Toshiki Iwai, Minako Mori, Daisuke Motooka, Jun Nakata, Seishi Ogawa, Yasuhito Nannya, Hitoji Uchiyama","doi":"10.1007/s12185-025-03938-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-025-03938-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarify karyotype evolution of myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 mutations (MDS/AML-TP53), we analyzed G-banding of bone marrow aspiration samples of eight patients with MDS/AML-TP53 and visualized the evolutions as phylogenetic trees. With very few exceptions, the initial roots of these trees and all branches longitudinally had -5/5q- and -7/7q- in common. Time series data of the karyotypes obtained in six patients showed highly complex karyotype evolutions, such as combined branched, linear, parallel, and macro-evolutions. In two patients, numerous branches appeared as the initial transformation. As for aneuploidy, chromosome loss was more common than chromosome gain as previously reported. Structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities were often deleted as karyotype evolution progressed. Among these karyotype evolutions, loss of translocated chromosomes with break sites at or near the centromeres frequently caused monosomies of two chromosomes involved in the translocation. G-banding enables analysis and visualization of karyotype evolutions as phylogenetic trees because it offers the properties of both single-cell and whole-chromosome analysis. Our research has led us to propose G-banding as a new interpretation method for classical karyotype analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13992,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hematology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}