International Journal of Infection Control最新文献_第10页

Poor practices of medical and health sciences students for the prevention of hepatitis B viral infections in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚医学和卫生科学专业学生预防乙型肝炎病毒感染的不良做法

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.3396/ijic.v15i1.003.19

B. Regassa, Genene Fiseha

{"title":"Poor practices of medical and health sciences students for the prevention of hepatitis B viral infections in Ethiopia","authors":"B. Regassa, Genene Fiseha","doi":"10.3396/ijic.v15i1.003.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/ijic.v15i1.003.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Hepatitis B virus is a serious global public health problem and health professionals, especially medical and health sciences students are at risk of acquiring infection through occupational exposure. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing medical and health sciences students’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards HBV transmission and prevention. \u0000A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March, 2017 among 190 medical and health sciences students. Study participants were selected using random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. \u0000Out of 190 distributed questionnaires, all were returned with a response rate of 100%. Majority of the students, 107(56.3%), were in the age group 20 – 24 years. Almost all the respondents had good knowledge about hepatitis B Virus transmission, treatment and prevention. Majorities, 179 (94.2%), of students had good attitudes towards the importance of standard precautions, vaccine and post exposure prophylaxis for HBV prevention. However, the study participants had poor practices towards the prevention of Hepatitis B infections where 164 (86.3%) of the students had not vaccinated against and screened for the virus and 111 (58.4%) of them were not practicing of the standard precautions. \u0000This study indicates that participants had good knowledge and attitudes towards hepatitis B virus prevention. However, they had experienced poor practicing while giving healthcare services. \u0000Key Words: Poor practices, Prevention, Hepatitis B viral infection, medical and health sciences students","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82170049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospective surveillance of hospital associated infections epidemiology in a haematology-oncology department 血液肿瘤科医院相关感染流行病学的前瞻性监测

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.3396/ijic.v15i1.002.19

N. Bouafia, A. Ammar, O. Ezzi, Asma Ben Chiekh, M. Mahjoub, W. Bannour, R. Helali, B. Achour, A. Salah, Ben Slimene Dalel, A. Khelif, M. Njah

引用次数: 1

Knowledge and practice of injection safety among healthcare workers in a Nigerian secondary healthcare facility 尼日利亚二级卫生保健机构卫生保健工作者注射安全的知识和实践

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2019-01-04 DOI: 10.3396/ijic.v15i1.004.19

S. Abubakar, Ruqayya Hamza Usman, A. Idris, I. Muhammad, M. M. Haddad, C. Mba

{"title":"Knowledge and practice of injection safety among healthcare workers in a Nigerian secondary healthcare facility","authors":"S. Abubakar, Ruqayya Hamza Usman, A. Idris, I. Muhammad, M. M. Haddad, C. Mba","doi":"10.3396/ijic.v15i1.004.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/ijic.v15i1.004.19","url":null,"abstract":"Injection safety is important in today’s healthcare delivery particularly in settings with a high burden of blood-borne viruses. A safe injection protects the patient, the healthcare worker and the community from avoidable infections. In Nigeria, the national policy on injection safety and healthcare waste management were developed in 2007. The development of the policy was followed by series of training on safe injection and behavioural change. Despite this, high burden of unsafe injections was reported in many parts of the country. This study assessed the level of knowledge and practice of injection safety among healthcare workers in a secondary healthcare facility in north-western Nigeria. The study targeted all the healthcare workers employed in the hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all the available healthcare workers. \u0000A total of 80/88 questionnaires were returned and analysed. Majority of the respondents were male in their early career who were within the age range of 31-40years. The results showed that 88.75% of the healthcare workers correctly described injection safety as defined by the WHO. However, only 18.75% and 40.0% had good knowledge of risks associated with, and diseases that can be transmitted through unsafe injections respectively. In addition, only 25.0% reported safe injection practices. Reuse of syringe was reported by 37.50% of the respondents and over 88% recap used needles. Majority of the healthcare workers reported a previous history of needlestick injury which was not associated with their professional cadre p-value = 0.146. \u0000Despite injection safety training, inadequate knowledge with poor injection practice was found among the surveyed healthcare workers. The reuse of syringes and needles underscores the need for adequate and safe injection commodities at all levels of healthcare delivery. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: healthcare workers, injection safety, knowledge, practice","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Successful control of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica outbreak in a neuro-surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in North India 成功控制印度北部一家三级医院神经外科重症监护病房的伊丽莎白脑膜炎败血症暴发

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-07-21 DOI: 10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18012

N. Jaggi, Vyoma Singh

{"title":"Successful control of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica outbreak in a neuro-surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in North India","authors":"N. Jaggi, Vyoma Singh","doi":"10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18012","url":null,"abstract":"Elizabethkingia meningoseptica has been found to be associated with a broad range of infectious etiologies, most notably outbreaks of neonatal meningitis. In adults, it can also cause pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia, meningitis and even skin and soft tissue infections, primarily in immunocompromised individuals. \u0000We report a cluster of 3 cases with E. meningoseptica infection in an adult neurology critical care unit of a 400-bedded tertiary care hospital situated in Gurugram (Delhi-National Capital Region), India. \u0000Two patients were diagnosed with ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) and one was a patient in whom the organism was isolated from a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample. Clinical details were studied and outbreak investigation was carried out. We found the following common risk factors for infection: Prolonged ICU stay, exposure to multiple antibiotics, presence of underlying co-morbidities and insertion of multiple invasive medical devices. \u0000E. meningoseptica was isolated from the catheter mount connected between endotracheal tube and ventilation circuit of one patient but clonality could not be studied. Strict infection control protocols and environmental cleaning procedures terminated the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"2018 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73761697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Instrument processing knowledge and practice amongst healthcare workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴卫生保健工作者的仪器加工知识和实践

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-07-21 DOI: 10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18313

Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam

{"title":"Instrument processing knowledge and practice amongst healthcare workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam","doi":"10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18313","url":null,"abstract":"The recent outbreaks of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) as a result of poor cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of medical equipment, and concerns about the possible spread of highly contagious infections has brought the issue of instrument processing in the fore front of infection prevention. Conversely, in many developing countries such as Ethiopia instrument processing practice (IPP) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is not quantified yet. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess HCWs instrument processing practice and associated factors in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in January, 2017. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 328 HCWs. Data was collected using structured questioner and checklist. Univariate analysis, binary and multivariate logistic regression was computed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to quantify the strength of association and p-value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Less than half 46.3% (95%CI: 40.9, 51.5) of HCWs are knowledgeable on instrument processing and 220(67.1%) (95%CI: 61.9, 71.6) of HCWs had safe IPP. High risk perception towards transmitting an infection while working (AOR: 5.35; 95%CI: 2.44, 11.73), being knowledgeable on instrument processing (AOR: 2.81; 95%CI: 1.50, 5.27), and having positive attitude towards infection prevention (AOR: 2.39; 95%CI: 1.19, 4.84) were the most important variables associated with safe IPP. In general, HCWs instrument processing practice was not safe enough. Moreover, significant number of HCWs lacks adequate instrument processing knowledge. Hence, enhancing HCWs awareness on IPP should be undertaken along with urgent improvement in routine monitoring of autoclaves. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Instrument processing; Decontamination; Cleaning; Sterilization; Disinfection; Reusable medical devices; Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79306402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Knowledge and practice of health workers about standard precaution: Special emphasis on medical waste management in Ethiopia 卫生工作者关于标准预防措施的知识和实践:特别强调埃塞俄比亚的医疗废物管理

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-07-21 DOI: 10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18128

T. Alemayehu, A. Worku, N. Assefa

{"title":"Knowledge and practice of health workers about standard precaution: Special emphasis on medical waste management in Ethiopia","authors":"T. Alemayehu, A. Worku, N. Assefa","doi":"10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/IJIC.V14I2.18128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000Standard precautions are simple infection prevention and control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids among patients and health workers. While compliance with standard precautions protects health workers from injury and related accidents, lack of compliance in basic standard precautions poses health workers to a significant health risks. This study has therefore assessed the knowledge and practices of standard precautions among health workers with special emphasis to healthcare waste management in the eastern part of Ethiopia. \u0000Institutional bases cross-sectional study was made on 818 healthcare workers under 65 health facilities. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. Variables were analyzed with a univariate, bivariate and multivariable analysis methods. Factors associated with the outcome variable were identified by Generalized Estimating Equation. \u0000Out of the total respondents, 619(78.8%) responded that they ever heard about standard precautions. However, the overall knowledge about standard precaution was 54.6%. Variables such as recapping needles (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.22-0.85, P-value = 0.012), taking training about hygiene education (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.14-2.77, P-value = 0.014) and safe injection (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.54-3.06, P-value = 0.000). \u0000Knowledge of healthcare workers about universal precaution was low. Arranging in-service trainings could enhance the knowledge as well as the practice of health workers about safety precautions.","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75973553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Impact of an intervention on the hand hygiene compliance rates in paediatric surgical intensive care units in two tertiary care hospitals 干预措施对两家三级医院儿科外科重症监护病房手部卫生依从率的影响

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-07-21 DOI: 10.3396/ijic.v14i2.18025

M. Ramadan, W. Hamza, M. Al-Fadhli

{"title":"Impact of an intervention on the hand hygiene compliance rates in paediatric surgical intensive care units in two tertiary care hospitals","authors":"M. Ramadan, W. Hamza, M. Al-Fadhli","doi":"10.3396/ijic.v14i2.18025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/ijic.v14i2.18025","url":null,"abstract":"Hand hygiene (HH) is comprehensively recognized to be the single most significant measure to prevent cross-transmission of microorganisms between patients. This study aimed to measure the HH compliance rates baseline, identify the barriers for HH non-compliance and to assess the impact of multidisciplinary intervention. An interventional study conducted from March 2017 to July 2017 in two surgical paediatric intensive care units (PICU) in two tertiary care hospitals. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) was used for identification of the barriers that affect HH compliance followed by intervention included HH training and education, video presentations in the hospital internal circuit, visual cues, using a code word for gentle verbal reminding and HH champions for follow up. Direct observation of HH was done before and after the intervention applying the WHO HH observation method. HH compliance rate was calculated by dividing the number of HH actions by the total number of opportunities. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to identify statistical significance. A total of 1735 HH opportunities were observed during all phases of the study. RCA identified skin dryness, forgetfulness and work intensity as the commonest barriers for non-compliance. Significant improvement was observed among all groups in PICU A (+23%; p value <0.001); (+19% for nurses, +29 % for doctors, and +36% for others; p value <0.001). While significant improvement was reported among doctors (+28%; p value <0.001) in PICU B. Improvement in HH compliance is achievable by multidisciplinary intervention. Providing continuous intensified training and feedback is essential to maintain high level of HH compliance.","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Essential microbiology for wound care 伤口护理的基本微生物学

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.3396/ijic.v14i1.17862

S. Kalenić

引用次数: 0

Bacteriological quality evaluation of bedpans in a university hospital 某大学医院便盆细菌质量评价

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17934

A. Bros, S. Deboscker, M. Mielcarek, J. Foeglé, C. Hernandez, C. Ménard, L. Belotti, T. Lavigne

{"title":"Bacteriological quality evaluation of bedpans in a university hospital","authors":"A. Bros, S. Deboscker, M. Mielcarek, J. Foeglé, C. Hernandez, C. Ménard, L. Belotti, T. Lavigne","doi":"10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17934","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Centers of Disease Control and prevention recommendations, it is necessary to restrain the emergence of multiresistant microorganisms at hospital and control cross-transmission among patients. In this context, one of the main points is the daily strict management of excreta in the care units. We aim to evaluate the safety of reusable bedpans, from a bacteriological point of view, after passing through bedpan washers in our hospital. \u0000The present study was conducted from 15 January 2015 to 27 February 2015 in Strasbourg Hospital University. 25 bedpan washers were selected. Three bedpans per bedpan washer were collected for bacterial analysis after cleaning and disinfection. Samples were performed in real conditions, i.e. patients used bedpans without protective bag before passing through bedpan washers. \u0000There was no growth (≤1 CFU/25cm2) in 75.3% (55/73) of the samples and 95.8% (70/73) had a result which was below the target value (≤25 CFU/25cm2). Only 3 samples (4.1%), from different bedpan washers, have a result above the target value. A third of the identified bacteria were environmental microorganisms and 2 thirds were skin flora. No indicator microorganism was identified (Staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteria, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas sp, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp., Candida spp., filamentous fungi). \u0000The effectiveness of bedpan washers is quite acceptable regarding the bactericidal activity. Indeed, we expected less good results since a small amount of bedpans are visibly soiled at the end of the cycle. However, it would be of interest to perform a second study evaluating the virucidal and sporicidal activity of the bedpan washers.","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84017936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonisation amongst Residents in Maltese Nursing Homes 马耳他养老院居民中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌定植的流行情况

International Journal of Infection Control Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17729

R. Borg, Christine Gatt, M. Borg

{"title":"Prevalence of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonisation amongst Residents in Maltese Nursing Homes","authors":"R. Borg, Christine Gatt, M. Borg","doi":"10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3396/IJIC.V14I1.17729","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1960’s, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major pathogen with ever-increasing incidence rates of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Malta has currently one of the highest rates of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in Europe. In addition, reports have estimated community carriage at more than 8%. MRSA carriage in homes for the elderly is very important because these residents are often hospitalized and therefore serve as a source of transmission. \u0000 \u0000The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage amongst residents in nursing homes in Malta, to determine their antibiotic susceptibility and to determine the significance of specific risk factors found in the literature. \u0000 \u0000Nasal swabs were taken from 397 randomly chosen residents in 10 governmental nursing homes. A short questionnaire including possible risk factors reported to be associated with MRSA nasal carriage was also filled. \u0000 \u0000MRSA carriage amongst nursing home residents was 19.4% (95% CI 17.6 – 21.2%) ranging from 0% to 25% amongst the nursing homes studied. Logistic regression analyses indicated that previous hospital admission was the only risk factor that was found to be significantly (OR: 1.956, p: 0.011; 95CI 1.163 - 3.290) associated with MRSA nasal colonization amongst nursing home residents. \u0000 \u0000A high carriage rate of MRSA was identified in Maltese nursing care residents which can contribute to maintaining MRSA incidence in hospitals. Possible interventions include screening of these patients when they are admitted to an acute care facility and possible decolonization attempts in the nursing homes.","PeriodicalId":13991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infection Control","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88600179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0