International Journal of Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Right iliac deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with recreational nitrous oxide: a case report.","authors":"Thomas Bizouard, Catherine Caplette, Damien Duval, Dominique Savary, Delphine Douillet","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00689-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00689-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recreational use of nitrous oxide is becoming increasingly common among teenagers and young adults. Since 2018, the use of nitrous oxide has increased exponentially and has become a public health problem.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 23-year-old patient was referred to accident and emergency (A&E) by his general practitioner for deterioration in general condition, vomiting, diarrhea and febrile headache at 39 °C. He reported that he had been partying for a month and consuming alcohol, cannabis and nitrous oxide. Three days before the consultation, he reported increased abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. His homocysteine concentration was 51.9 μmol/L, and his plasma methyl malonate concentration increased to 4.45 μmol/L. A thoracic and abdominal CT scan revealed right iliac venous thrombosis associated with bilateral pulmonary embolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nitrous oxide inhibits the activity of methionine synthetase. We therefore observed an increase in plasma homocysteine and 5-methyl-THF. The increase in homocysteine could be responsible for the pro-thrombotic activity resulting from nitrous oxide intoxication. At present, no threshold or duration of exposure has been identified as being particularly likely to cause complications. It is likely that other factors coexist, such as coagulation disorders and polymorphisms of the MHTFR gene, which can lead to hyperhomocysteinaemia, cannabis consumption, inflammatory conditions and others. Treatment is based on vitamin B12 supplementation and curative anticoagulation. Some authors also recommend folate supplementation. Consumption of nitrous oxide could be associated with arterial and venous thromboembolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How many is enough? Measuring the number of FAST exams needed by emergency medicine trainees to reach competence.","authors":"Ahmad Bakhribah, Jordan Leumas, Gregg Helland, Joshua Guttman, Yara Arfaj, Rawan Alharbi, Abdullah Bakhsh","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00742-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00742-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;For patients with blunt abdominal trauma, the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam is the initial imaging modality employed to diagnose and risk stratify. A positive FAST exam in this patient population denotes intraperitoneal hemorrhage. In a hemodynamically unstable patient, it necessitates rapid surgical intervention. Ultrasound is highly dependent on the operator's ability to obtain quality images for interpretation. Failure to obtain adequate images prevents accurate interpretation and reduce its diagnostic accuracy. Previous studies evaluating whether the FAST exam can be improved solely by experience had conflicting results. None of those studies used an objective method to evaluate the FAST exam's quality. Our study aimed to objectively determine the number of FAST exams required by an emergency medicine (EM) resident to reach sufficient quality for independent scanning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;59 first-year EM residents from a single site were included in this study. All FAST exams that were saved in the Qpath archival system by the 59 EM residents, whether the exam was performed for educational or clinical purposes, were reviewed, and scored using a Task-Specific Checklist (TSC) score. This score is an objective way to assess the proficiency and quality of the FAST scan. The TSC was based on whether the imaging of 24 specific anatomic landmarks, split into four anatomic regions, was completed successfully or not. The AEMUS (Advanced EM Ultrasonography) faculty provided feedback to trainees wither electronically via Qpath or at the bedside. According to the quality of ultrasound imaging and competence (QUICK Score), if the average TSC score for the first 10 exams was 18 or higher, the resident was considered an expert. However, if the resident failed to achieve that score, we skipped the first exam performed by the resident and the average score for the second through eleventh exams was then calculated. If the resident did not achieve the desired result, the first and second exams were skipped and the average score for the remaining 10 exams was determined. This sequence was repeated until the resident achieved an average score of 18 or higher on their TSC score.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 663 FAST scans performed by EM residents were scored. The average number of FAST exams needed for independent scanning is 11.23 (95% CI, 10.6-11.85). 66.1% of enrolled residents achieved an average score of 18 or higher in their first 10 FAST exams, and 33.8% of residents required more than 10 scans. The average scores for the right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), pelvic, and subxiphoid views were 5 (95% CI, 4.88-5.1), 4.7 (95% CI, 4.59-4.8), 5.1 (95% CI, 4.96-5.24), and 3.7 (95% CI 3.6-3.8) respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study demonstrated that when constructive feedback on each FAST exam was given, the average first-year emergency medici","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of the usage of tenecteplase for stroke.","authors":"Garv Bhasin, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00738-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00738-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent years, tenecteplase has been competing with alteplase as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke given its ease of administration, lower dosage, cost-effectiveness, and better safety data. This paper seeks to analyze academic literature regarding the burgeoning usage of tenecteplase as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke across the world.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Web of Science database was used to collect the data from articles containing the keywords \"Tenecteplase\" and \"Stroke\" published from 1999 to 2023. The search resulted in 576 journal articles. This study analyzed metadata related to the country, institution, keywords, and date published for each article in the database pertaining to tenecteplase use for stroke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The United States led in publications (260, 39.93%), followed by Australia (101, 15.51%), and a tie for third place between Canada and China (77, 11.83% each). The three most prevalent keywords were tenecteplase (N = 324), alteplase (N = 284), and thrombolysis (N = 244). The University of Melbourne and the University of Calgary were the leading institutions publishing on the use of tenecteplase as a treatment for stroke. In 2023, the number of publications on the usage of tenecteplase for stroke was the greatest, making up 24.3% of all papers on the topic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The surge in academic papers regarding tenecteplase in stroke in 2023 could be a good indicator of the drug's increasing prevalence as a treatment for stroke. Despite this finding, tenecteplase is currently not an FDA-approved therapy in the US as Genentech, the drug's manufacturer, has yet to file for federal approval for acute ischemic stroke treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence insufficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis after acute mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Kavya Devani, Neera Kapoor, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00747-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00747-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is becoming a more common emergency department (ED) presentation. Towards this end, many types of testing in the acute setting are being investigated. One of these is screening for convergence insufficiency (CI) symptoms. These are common problems reported by patients with mTBI, but such oculomotor testing is rarely performed in the ED.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the feasibility of convergence insufficiency screening in the ED and investigate whether CI is associated with adverse events such as post-concussive symptoms or hospital admission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Written informed consent was obtained from patients age 18 years or older who experienced a mild head injury from any mechanism resulting in an mTBI. Patients underwent screening for CI symptoms using a standardized instrument of 15 questions, known as the convergence insufficiency symptom survey (CISS), with responses based on the Likert scale. These data were correlated to outcomes of hospital admission, occurrence of post-concussive symptoms, and 30-day hospital re-admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 116 patients were prospectively enrolled, of which 58 were male. The median age was 31 years, with a range of 18 to 95 years of age. The median CISS score was 13, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 6 to 21 and an overall range of 0 to 53. Females presented with a median CISS score of 14, which was higher compared to the male median score of 10. The higher the CISS score, the more likely the patient was to be admitted to the hospital (p = 0.0378), develop symptoms of post-concussive syndrome at 30-day follow up (p = 0.0322), and be readmitted within 30 days (p = 0.0098).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening for CI symptoms using the CISS can be a solid adjunct in the evaluation of mTBI in the ED. The CISS is easy and fast to administer, and it is a useful tool to stratify patients in terms of who is at the highest risk of developing complications related to the mTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Datura stramonium seed ingestion leading to unintentional poisoning in a 3-year-old Ethiopian toddler: case report.","authors":"Desalegn Mechal Shifa, Aynalem Yemane Leyew, Meron Tebeka Jufar","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00753-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00753-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Datura stramonium poisoning, resulting from the ingestion of seeds, leaves, or flowers of Datura stramonium, is a severe condition with significant risks, particularly for young children. Most documented cases of Datura stramonium poisoning in the literature involve teenagers who intentionally ingest the plant to induce hallucinogenic and euphoric experiences. This report presents a rare instance of unintentional Datura stramonium poisoning in a 3year-old Ethiopian toddler.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>He presented with symptoms consistent with anticholinergic toxidrome, including altered mental status, agitation, seizures, dilated pupils, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests, including complete blood count, liver function test, renal function test, electrolyte levels and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. Results of blood toxicology screen were negative. Timely recognition and supportive care lead to a positive outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through this report, we aim to add to the limited body of literature on Datura stramonium poisoning in toddlers and offer insights into its clinical course and management in paediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of GFAP/UCH-L1 biomarkers for computed tomography exclusion in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).","authors":"Jacopo M Legramante, Marilena Minieri, Marzia Belli, Alfredo Giovannelli, Alessia Agnoli, Daniela Bajo, Lorenza Bellincampi, Anna Maria De Angelis, Alessandro Terrinoni, Massimo Pieri, Eleonora Nicolai, Vito N Di Lecce, Carla Paganelli, Gianluigi Ferrazza, Susanna Longo, Marco Ciotti, Sergio Bernardini","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00708-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00708-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents a major public health concern and affects millions of people worldwide every year. Diagnosis mainly relies on clinical criteria and computed tomography (CT) scans. GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and UCH-L1 (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1) have been recently studied as potential biomarkers of mTBI. This study retrospectively evaluated the possible use of these combined biomarkers as negative predictors for excluding brain injuries in patients with suspected mTBI in the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients (n = 130) enrolled at Tor Vergata University Hospital (Rome, Italy), consecutively registered at the triage of the emergency department between October 2022 and January 2023, with non-penetrating TBI and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13-15, were considered. All eligible patients underwent intracranial CT scans and blood tests, within 12 h after trauma, for GFAP and UCH-L1 serum concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intracranial CT detected injuries in only seven patients (5%); GFAP and UCH-L1 tested positive in 96 patients and negative in 34 patients (74% vs. 26%). Combined biomarkers had a sensitivity equal to 1.00 (95% CI 0.64-1.00) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 1.00 (0.99-1.00) in mTBI diagnosis with a negative CT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combined laboratory tests for GFAP and UCH-L1 biomarkers might play a potential clinical role in avoiding unnecessary head CT scans after mTBI in emergency departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel nurse-inteRN mentorship program to improve nurse-physician communication and teamwork in the emergency department.","authors":"Amanda Doodlesack, Nicole Dubosh, Anne Grossestreuer, Lorian de Oliveira, Leslie Bilello","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00740-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00740-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Communication between nurses and physicians is essential to providing patient care in the emergency department. The American College of Graduate Medical Education includes interpersonal and communication skills as one of six core competencies for residents. There is a known correlation between poor communication and negative patient outcomes. Yet, formalized training programs in doctor-nurse communication are lacking and literature reports that physicians may view collaboration as less important than nurses. To address this gap, we developed and implemented a novel, pilot \"Nurse-InteRN Mentorship Program\". The program aimed to improve trainees' communication with nurses and enhance emergency department collaboration. We then evaluated the impact of this program on participant perception of nurse-physician communication, efficacy and overall benefit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Kern's Six-step approach to develop and implement this program. We then evaluated the program's impact with a pre-program and post-program 12-question survey to evaluate participation, perceived benefit, and efficacy of the program using a 1-5 Likert scale. Nurse vs. intern responses were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Pre- and post- intervention responses were paired by respondent and compared using marginal homogeneity tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>13 interns and 22 nurses participated in the program. All 13 interns and 19 of 22 nurses completed the pre-program survey. 10 of 13 interns and 11 of 22 nurse mentors completed the post-program survey. Nurses showed greater interest in providing feedback on communication skills than interns showed in receiving feedback (p < 0.001). Interns rated themselves higher in communication skills with patients than nurses rated them (p = 0.004). Perceived benefit among nurses and interns decreased after completion of the program.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We were able to successfully implement a one-year nurse-intern mentorship program aiming to promote communication, collaboration and professional development. Our results show differing attitudes between nurses and interns around interns' communication skills. There was some perceived benefit, but unfortunately this decreased over the course of the program. Further studies are needed to determine how this program impacts communication, teamwork, and patient care. We hope that given the novelty of such a nurse-intern mentorship program, this study may serve as a pilot for future programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the GO-FAR score: predicting in-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in the Middle East.","authors":"David O Alao, Yaman Hukan, Nada Mohammed, Kinza Moin, Resshme K Sudha, Arif Alper Cevik, Fikri M Abu-Zidan","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00749-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00749-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aim: </strong>External validations of the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation (GO-FAR) score have been in populations where Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) is practised. We aim to externally validate the GO-FAR score in a population without a DNAR order.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied patients ≥ 18 years old who had an In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) with known outcomes at Al Ain Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019, excluding those who died in the emergency department. Studied variables included demography, location, response time, code duration, initial rhythm, primary diagnosis, admission vital signs, GO FAR score variables, discharge status, and functional outcomes as determined by the cerebral performance category score ranging from 1 (good cerebral performance) to 5 (brain death).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>366 patients were studied; 66.7% were males. The median (IQR) age was 70 (55-81) years. Cardiac and respiratory causes were the primary diagnoses in 89 (24.6%) and 67 (18.5%), respectively. IHCA occurred in critical areas such as the intensive care unit, high dependency unit and coronary care unit in 206 (80.8%) patients. The majority, 308 (91.8%), had a non-shockable rhythm, and a return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 159 (43.4%) of the patients. Thirty-one (8.5%) patients survived to hospital discharge, and 20 (5.5%) patients had cerebral performance category scores of 1 and 2. The area under the curve of the ROC for survival to discharge with good functional outcome was 0.74 (95% CI 0.59-0.88). The best cut-off point for predicting survival with a good neurological outcome was a GO-FAR score of < 4, having a sensitivity of 0.81, a specificity of 0.7, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.7 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.27.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A GO-FAR score of less than 4 predicts survival with a good neurological outcome in a healthcare system with an all-inclusive patient population with no DNAR practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized tetanus complicated with Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy in a septuagenarian following a laceration injury with soil contamination - a case report.","authors":"Sareesh Bandapaati, Rayno Navinan Mitrakrishnan, Mazharul Islam, Usman Memon","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00751-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00751-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tetanus is a clinical rarity due to the successful globally adopted childhood vaccination programme. The rising elderly population in the United Kingdom creates a subset of individuals whom are prone to develop Tetanus as they preceded this vaccination drive. A 76 year old Caucasian lady presented with a soil contaminated laceration injury on her knee following a fall. Though she received urgent assessment and wound care, the relevance of the injury in the backdrop of her age was not appreciated and her tetanus post exposure prophylaxis was overlooked. She readmitted seeking further management 1 week later with an infected wound with Trismus and clinical features favoring Generalized tetanus. During her stay she developed Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy with congestive cardiac failure and required prolonged care in the intensive unit with mechanical ventilation and rehabilitation before being discharged home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>First contact physicians should have a greater appreciation of the types of injuries and at-risk individuals who are more prone to develop tetanus upon exposure to ensure early and appropriate identification. There should be greater situational awareness with regard to the elderly in view of their heightened risk of development of tetanus specially those born before the vaccination drive. Knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis measures for tetanus should be regularly updated using local guidance to ensure awareness, so as to despite its rarity Tetanus remains an adequately appreciated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in rapidly progressing cardiac amyloidosis: a literature review based on case report.","authors":"Nahid Senobari, Roozbeh Nazari, Pouya Ebrahimi, Hamidreza Soleimani, Maryam Taheri, Kaveh Hosseini, Homa Taheri, Robert J Siegel","doi":"10.1186/s12245-024-00750-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12245-024-00750-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac amyloidosis is a rarely reported and potentially fatal variant of the systemic disease. Its early diagnosis could potentially lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 56-year-old female presented with dyspnea and palpitations. Her physical exam and non-invasive evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the bone marrow biopsy results showed systemic amyloidosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is not always straightforward, and delay can cause the progression of the disease and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic evaluation are the main methods for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis. The treatment consists of controlling heart failure symptoms and disease-modifying interventions, including medical and surgical therapeutic methods.</p><p><strong>Clinical learning point (conclusion): </strong>Cardiac involvement is the main cause of death in systemic amyloidosis. Early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial in improving patients' survival. CMRI can play an essential role in the diagnosis of cardiac Amyloidosis. A graphical abstract is provided for visual summary.</p>","PeriodicalId":13967,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}