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Terabit-per second throughput switches for broadband central offices: an overview 宽带中心局的每秒太比特吞吐量交换机:概述
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80427
W. Stephens, K. Young
{"title":"Terabit-per second throughput switches for broadband central offices: an overview","authors":"W. Stephens, K. Young","doi":"10.1109/73.80427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80427","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a broadband central office (CO) switch based on the SONET standard and the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) protocol is addressed. An overview is given of the next generation switch (NGS), which has been proposed as a functional architecture for broadband networks and switching systems. The NGS consists of a number of different functional modules (interface, control, operations, service, and fabric), interconnected by open interfaces, that together form a high-speed large-throughput switching system. The interface modules and fabric modules, which embody some of the more difficult technological problems encountered in realizing terabit-per-second switches, are examined in detail.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128412996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Erbium doped fiber amplifiers for future undersea transmission systems 用于未来海底传输系统的掺铒光纤放大器
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80432
J. Aspell, N. Bergano
{"title":"Erbium doped fiber amplifiers for future undersea transmission systems","authors":"J. Aspell, N. Bergano","doi":"10.1109/73.80432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80432","url":null,"abstract":"Results obtained with analytical models of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which have potential as repeaters in lightwave transmission system, are summarized. The results pertain to the dispersion and noise characteristics of the amplifiers. Experimental results that verify some of the analysis are examined. The results show that EDFA systems are promising for undersea applications. Large dispersion penalties can be avoided by using dispersion-shifted fiber and transform-limited pulses placed close to the fiber's zero dispersion wavelength. Noise can be controlled by optical filters between the amplifiers or in front of the receiver, or both.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125628226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Heterodyne lightwave systems: moving towards commercial use 外差光波系统:走向商用
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80428
R. Wagner, R. Linke
{"title":"Heterodyne lightwave systems: moving towards commercial use","authors":"R. Wagner, R. Linke","doi":"10.1109/73.80428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80428","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of heterodyne detection are reviewed, and a historical summary aimed at showing that this technology is on track toward increasing commercialization over the next five to ten years is given. Solutions to many important problems are described, and the remaining problems are examined. Heterodyne detection is briefly compared with an alternative technique using direct detection, and a reasonable evolutionary path toward the incorporation of heterodyne techniques in various types of communication systems is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125945653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
A perspective on fiber in the loop systems 光纤在环路系统中的展望
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80405
G. Boyer
{"title":"A perspective on fiber in the loop systems","authors":"G. Boyer","doi":"10.1109/73.80405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80405","url":null,"abstract":"The current direction Bellcore is pursuing in the development of proposals for fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) system generic requirements is reviewed, and it is shown how the necessary tradeoffs are likely to be resolved. The reference model to be used in developing requirements for delivery of existing services and new services through FITL systems is discussed. The FITL system is defined in terms of the three external interfaces it must meet with the customer, the fiber-optic distribution network, and the larger Bellcore client company (BCC) transmission and operations networks. This reveals where innovation and product evolution can most profitably focus. Additional technical constraints that tend to narrow the technological and architectural choices available and set certain common directions for FITL systems are summarized. A generic interface between FITL systems and the larger BCC networks is proposed, and considerations for intervening transport and crossconnect systems are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Subcarrier multiplexed broadband service network: a migration path to BISDN 子载波多路复用宽带业务网:向BISDN的迁移路径
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80410
R. Olshansky
{"title":"Subcarrier multiplexed broadband service network: a migration path to BISDN","authors":"R. Olshansky","doi":"10.1109/73.80410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80410","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband fiber network that provides voice, data, and switched-video services to residential subscribers is described. To achieve low installed costs, the proposed network takes advantage of recent advances in broadband electronic switching, subcarrier multiplexed broadband fiber transmission, and passive optical splitting, and uses a fiber-to-the-curb topology. The network is designed to provide high-quality broadband services while simultaneously achieving low installed first costs and affording graceful migration to high-definition television and digital video, and finally to broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) services.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114529198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Fiber to the home: the technology behind Heathrow 光纤到户:希思罗机场背后的技术
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80409
M. Balmes, J. Bourne, J. Mar
{"title":"Fiber to the home: the technology behind Heathrow","authors":"M. Balmes, J. Bourne, J. Mar","doi":"10.1109/73.80409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80409","url":null,"abstract":"In July 1989, Southern Bell began deploying a fiber access system capable of carrying 54 cable television (CATV) channels, as well as plain old telephone service (POTS) and integrated services digital network (ISDN) services in Heathrow, Florida. Four areas that must be addressed before these services can be successfully deployed in volume are discussed. They are integrating narrowband and broadband services on the same fiber, choosing a fiber architecture, designing the optical-network interface for multiple services, and designing a centralized digital video-selector switch.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134291110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Power system design for fiber to the home systems 光纤到户系统的电力系统设计
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80407
R. Rando, R.C. Purkey
{"title":"Power system design for fiber to the home systems","authors":"R. Rando, R.C. Purkey","doi":"10.1109/73.80407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80407","url":null,"abstract":"The overall topology of the AT&T fiber to the home (FTTH) system is reviewed with particular emphasis on power. The focus is on the issues that arise in powering the customer end of the fiber, i.e., the distant terminal. It is shown that flexible power arrangements are required for distant terminals in the fiber system in the local plant. Architectures must be able to accommodate local exchange carrier preferences for AC or DC pedestal operation. The system must readily accommodate new as well as existing applications in growth areas and also rehabilitation applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129053157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The challenges of fibre in the loop 光纤在环路中的挑战
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80406
M. Barrett
{"title":"The challenges of fibre in the loop","authors":"M. Barrett","doi":"10.1109/73.80406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80406","url":null,"abstract":"Cable and hardware issues in the loop passive transmission network are examined as they relate to evolving trends and the concerns the designer and outside plant engineer should consider in preparing to install cable and hardware in the loop environment. Logical and physical topologies for fiber in the loop (FITL) are examined. Issues that must be considered when installing fiber in the loop are discussed, focussing on flexibility requirements, the use of standard products and cost. Simple POTS (plain old telephone service) to the curb is seen as the near-term solution.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131413674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability challenges for deployment of fiber in the loop 光纤在环路中部署的可靠性挑战
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80408
J. L. Spencer
{"title":"Reliability challenges for deployment of fiber in the loop","authors":"J. L. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/73.80408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80408","url":null,"abstract":"Component, system, and network reliability are examined. With respect to component and system reliability, device operating temperatures (which could extend down to -40 degrees C in the winter or up to +85 degrees C in the summer) demand extraordinary attention to basic design and manufacturing reliability-assurance practices. Reliability of the telecommunications network, including the loop segment, is often described in terms of availability, which depends on several factors: network architecture, including media redundancy; system architecture, including hardware redundancy or protection switching; hardware and software reliability; and time to repair failures. The problems faced in dealing with each of these factors are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117045266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Line capacity expansion schemes in photonic switching 光子交换中的线路容量扩展方案
IEEE LCS Pub Date : 1990-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/73.80386
M. Fujiwara, M. Sakaguchi
{"title":"Line capacity expansion schemes in photonic switching","authors":"M. Fujiwara, M. Sakaguchi","doi":"10.1109/73.80386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/73.80386","url":null,"abstract":"Design considerations for capacity expansion are described, and requirements for photonic switch matrices, optical memories, and tunable-wavelength filters are examined. The present status of photonic switching devices and system experiments is discussed, covering space-, wavelength-, and time-division switches. Hybrid switching systems and coherent optical detection are considered as examples of system technology that will facilitate line capacity expansion.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":138128,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LCS","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116782844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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