Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research最新文献

Taking Shortcuts: Correlation, Not Causation, and the Moral Problems It Brings 走捷径:相关性，而非因果关系，及其带来的道德问题

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008006

Kevin Macnish

引用次数: 0

The Big Data World: Benefits, Threats and Ethical Challenges 《大数据世界:利益、威胁和伦理挑战

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008007

Marina Da Bormida

{"title":"The Big Data World: Benefits, Threats and Ethical Challenges","authors":"Marina Da Bormida","doi":"10.1108/s2398-601820210000008007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s2398-601820210000008007","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in Big Data, artificial Intelligence and data-driven innovation bring enormous benefits for the overall society and for different sectors. By contrast, their misuse can lead to data workflows bypassing the intent of privacy and data protection law, as well as of ethical mandates. It may be referred to as the ‘creep factor’ of Big Data, and needs to be tackled right away, especially considering that we are moving towards the ‘datafication’ of society, where devices to capture, collect, store and process data are becoming ever-cheaper and faster, whilst the computational power is continuously increasing. If using Big Data in truly anonymisable ways, within an ethically sound and societally focussed framework, is capable of acting as an enabler of sustainable development, using Big Data outside such a framework poses a number of threats, potential hurdles and multiple ethical challenges. Some examples are the impact on privacy caused by new surveillance tools and data gathering techniques, including also group privacy, high-tech profiling, automated decision making and discriminatory practices. In our society, everything can be given a score and critical life changing opportunities are increasingly determined by such scoring systems, often obtained through secret predictive algorithms applied to data to determine who has value. It is therefore essential to guarantee the fairness and accurateness of such scoring systems and that the decisions relying upon them are realised in a legal and ethical manner, avoiding the risk of stigmatisation capable of affecting individuals’ opportunities. Likewise, it is necessary to prevent the so-called ‘social cooling’. This represents the long-term negative side effects of the data-driven innovation, in particular of such scoring systems and of the reputation economy. It is reflected in terms, for instance, of self-censorship, risk-aversion and lack of exercise of free speech generated by increasingly intrusive Big Data practices lacking an ethical foundation. Another key ethics dimension pertains to human-data interaction in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, which is increasing the volume of data collected, the speed of the process and the variety of data sources. It is urgent to further investigate aspects like the ‘ownership’ of data and other hurdles, especially considering that the regulatory landscape is developing at a much slower pace than IoT and the evolution of Big Data technologies. These are only some examples of the issues and consequences that Big Data raise, which require adequate measures in response to the ‘data trust deficit’, moving not towards the prohibition of the collection of data but rather towards the identification and prohibition of their misuse and unfair behaviours and treatments, once government and companies have such data. At the same time, the debate should further investigate ‘data altruism’, deep-ening how the increasing amounts of data in our society can be concre","PeriodicalId":138074,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Privacy and Security: German Perspectives, European Trends and Ethical Implications 隐私与安全:德国视角、欧洲趋势与伦理意涵

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008009

H. Aden

引用次数: 1

Prelims 预备考试

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008016

引用次数: 0

Surveillance Ethics: An Introduction to an Introduction 监视伦理学:导论的导论

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008002

Kevin Macnish

引用次数: 1

Research Is Not a Private Matter 研究不是私事

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008004

P. Spicker

引用次数: 0

Science, Ethics, and Responsible Research – The Case of Surveillance 科学、伦理和负责任的研究——以监控为例

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008003

A. Alfonsi, Maresa Berliri

{"title":"Science, Ethics, and Responsible Research – The Case of Surveillance","authors":"A. Alfonsi, Maresa Berliri","doi":"10.1108/s2398-601820210000008003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s2398-601820210000008003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter, based on a sociological approach, addresses the ethical issues of surveillance research from the perspective of the profound transformations that science and innovation are undergoing, as part of a broader shift from modern to post-modern society, affecting also other major social institutions (such as govern-ment, religion, family, and public administration). The change occurring in the science and technology system is characterised by diminishing authority, uncertainty about internal mechanisms and standards, and a declining and increasingly difficult access to resources. Such changes, also related to globalisation and new digital technologies, have transformed the way research is conducted and dissemi-nated. Research is now more open and its results more easily accessible to citizens. Scientific research is also put under increased public scrutiny, while, at the same time, public distrust and disaffection towards science is rising. In such a context, it is more important than ever to make sure that research activities are not compromised by fraudulent and unethical practices. The legitimate expectations of citizens to enjoy their rights, including the ability to protect their private sphere, are growing. Scientific and technological development is deeply interrelated with the widespread awareness of these rights and the possibility of exercising them, but it produces also new risks, while a widespread sense of insecurity increases. The digital revolution, while improving people’s quality of life, offers at the same time new opportunities for crime and terrorism, which in turn has produced a demand to strengthen security systems through increasingly advanced and intrusive surveillance technologies. Misconduct in the field of surveillance may not only undermine the quality of research, but also further impair society’s trust in research and science as well as in the State and its institutions.","PeriodicalId":138074,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research","volume":"338 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122332814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health Data, Public Interest, and Surveillance for Non-health-Related Purposes 健康数据、公共利益和非健康相关目的的监测

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008008

Mark Taylor, Richard L. Kirkham

引用次数: 0

Covert Research Ethics 隐蔽研究伦理

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008005

M. Marzano

引用次数: 2

Conducting Ethical Research in Sensitive Security Domains: Understanding Threats and the Importance of Building Trust 在敏感的安全领域进行伦理研究:了解威胁和建立信任的重要性

Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1108/s2398-601820210000008012

A. Stedmon, Daniel Paul

{"title":"Conducting Ethical Research in Sensitive Security Domains: Understanding Threats and the Importance of Building Trust","authors":"A. Stedmon, Daniel Paul","doi":"10.1108/s2398-601820210000008012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/s2398-601820210000008012","url":null,"abstract":"In many security domains, the ‘human in the system’ is often a critical line of defence in identifying, preventing and responding to any threats (Saikayasit, Stedmon, & Lawson, 2015). Traditionally, such security domains are often focussed on mainstream public safety within crowded spaces and border controls, through to identifying suspicious behaviours, hostile reconnaissance and imple-menting counter-terrorism initiatives. More recently, with growing insecurity around the world, organisations have looked to improve their security risk management frameworks, developing concepts which originated in the health and safety field to deal with more pressing risks such as terrorist acts, abduction and piracy (Paul, 2018). In these instances, security is usually the specific responsibility of frontline personnel with defined roles and responsibilities operating in accordance with organisational protocols (Saikayasit, Stedmon, Lawson, & Fussey, 2012; Stedmon, Saikayasit, Lawson, & Fussey, 2013). However, Issues understanding the knowledge that frontline security workers might possess and use requires sensitive investigation in equally sensitive security domains. This chapter considers how to investigate knowledge elicitation in these sensitive security domains and underlying ethics in research design that supports and protects the nature of investigation and end-users alike. This chapter also discusses the criteria used for ensuring trustworthiness as well as assessing the relative merits of the range of methods adopted.","PeriodicalId":138074,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Issues in Covert, Security and Surveillance Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125631880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0